Differences in body image perception, eating behavior and nutritional status of college students of health and human sciences

INTRODUÇÃO: A literatura refere uma maior prevalência de transtornos alimentares em acadêmicas de cursos universitários nos quais a aparência física é importante, entre eles Educação Física e Nutrição. Supõe-se que pessoas preocupadas com seu peso e imagem corporal optem por essas áreas por terem um interesse pessoal pelo tema. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção da imagem corporal, o comportamento alimentar e o estado nutricional de estudantes de cursos das áreas da saúde e humanas para comparação entre estas. MÉTODO: Aplicou-se o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) e o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) em 127 alunas do primeiro ano dos cursos de Nutrição e Educação Física (Saúde) e de Publicidade e Propaganda e Administração de Empresas (Humanas) que forneceram dados de peso e altura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma grande prevalência de distorção da imagem em todos os grupos, sem diferença entre as áreas ou entre os cursos. O EAT-26 indicou maiores escores nas estudantes da saúde em relação às de humanas, com alunas de Nutrição apresentando as maiores pontuações, estatisticamente diferentes das encontradas nos cursos de Publicidade e Administração, mas não de Educação Física. Além disso, a maioria das alunas foi classificada como eutrófica, e não se encontraram mulheres com obesidade em nenhum dos cursos, não havendo diferença significativa entre áreas ou cursos para esta variável. DISCUSSÃO: A alta incidência de distorção da imagem corporal associada à grande prevalência de comportamento alimentar inadequado nas alunas da área da saúde demonstra uma possível susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares.INTRODUCTION: The literature reports a higher prevalence of eating disorders among undergraduate students whose majors value physical appearance, including Physical Education and Nutrition. It is possible to assume that people concerned about their weight and body image may choose to take these majors because they are personally interested in the topic. The objective of this study was to assess the body image perception, eating behavior, and nutritional status of students of health and human sciences and to compare these data. METHOD: The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were administered to 127 first-year students of Nutrition and Physical Education (health sciences) and Advertising and Business Administration (human sciences) who also provided information on weight and height for calculation of their body mass index. RESULTS: We found a high prevalence of body image distortion in all groups, with no difference between areas or majors. The EAT-26 indicated higher scores in students of health than in those who studied human sciences, with the students majoring in Nutrition showing the highest scores, with statistical difference from the scores found in Advertising and Business Administration, but not in Physical Education. In addition, most students were classified as eutrophic and there were not obese individuals in any of the majors, with no significant difference between areas or majors for this variable. DISCUSSION: The high incidence of body image distortion associated with high prevalence of inappropriate eating behavior in students of health shows a possible susceptibility to the development of eating disorders

Detecção dos transtornos invasivos na criança: perspectiva das mães

Invasive Developmental Disorders are characterized by the early occurrence of changes that come up in the areas of communication development, behavior and interpersonal relationship. This study aimed to discover how the disorder detection process took place from a maternal perspective. A quantitative and qualitative study was carried, based on a semi-structured survey with 20 mothers of children in this condition. Results were processed through content analysis and indicated that these disorders have been diagnosed after the established age and that early typical signs are noticed by the family, particularly by the mother. These findings that child health professionals do not seem to be aware of the importance of effective developmental follow-up, which would lead to the early detection of these disorders, thus minimizing its present and future negative effects.Los Trastornos Invasivos del Desarrollo se caracterizan por alteraciones presentes en edades precoces y se manifiestan en las áreas de desarrollo de la comunicación, comportamiento y relación interpersonal. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido aprender a través de la perspectiva materna como ocurrió el proceso de detección de estos trastornos. Para eso, se realizó un estudio cuanti-cualitativo a partir de una encuesta semi-estructurada con 20 niños portadores de estos cuadros. La clasificación fue realizada a través de análisis de contenido. Los resultados indicaron que el diagnóstico de estos trastornos está siendo realizado tras la edad preconizada y que las primeras señales características son percibidas por la familia, principalmente por la madre. Estos resultados sugieren que los profesionales de salud infantil parecen no estar sensibilizados para la importancia del efectivo acompañamiento del desarrollo, lo que permitiría la detección temprana de estos desvios minimizando, así, efectos negativos presentes y futuros.Os Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento se caracterizam por alterações presentes desde idades precoces e se manifestam nas áreas de desenvolvimento da comunicação, comportamento e relação interpessoal. O objetivo deste estudo foi apreender, através da perspectiva materna, como se deu o processo de detecção desses transtornos. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo quanti-qualitativo a partir de entrevista semi-estruturada com 20 mães de crianças portadoras desses quadros. A classificação se deu por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que o diagnóstico desses transtornos está sendo realizado após a idade preconizada e que os primeiros sinais característicos são percebidos pela família, principalmente, pela mãe. Esses resultados sugerem que os profissionais de saúde infantil parecem não estar sensibilizados para a importância do efetivo acompanhamento do desenvolvimento, o que permitiria a detecção precoce desses desvios, minimizando, assim, seus efeitos negativos presentes e futuros

Dynamic transitions in RNA polymerase II density profiles during transcription termination

Eukaryotic protein-coding genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) through a cycle composed of three main phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. Recent studies using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing suggest that the density of RNAPII molecules is higher at the 3′-end relative to the gene body. Here we show that this view is biased due to averaging density profiles for "metagene" analysis. Indeed, the majority of genes exhibit little, if any, detectable accumulation of polymerases during transcription termination. Compared with genes with no enrichment, genes that accumulate RNAPII at the 3′-end are shorter, more frequently contain the canonical polyadenylation [poly(A)] signal AATAAA and G-rich motifs in the downstream sequence element, and have higher levels of expression. In 1% to 4% of actively transcribing genes, the RNAPII enriched at the 3′-end is phosphorylated on Ser5, and we provide evidence suggesting that these genes have their promoter and terminator regions juxtaposed. We also found a striking correlation between RNAPII accumulation and nucleosome organization, suggesting that the presence of nucleosomes after the poly(A) site induces pausing of polymerases, leading to their accumulation. Yet we further observe that nucleosome occupancy at the 3′-end of genes is dynamic and correlates with RNAPII density. Taken together, our results provide novel insight to transcription termination, a fundamental process that remains one of the least understood stages of the transcription cycle.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

INVENTÁRIO DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS (RODENTIA E DIDELPHIMORPHIA) DA SERRA DE OURO BRANCO: PORÇÃO SUL DA CADEIA DO ESPINHAÇO, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension.Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension.Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension

ETHNOZOOLOGY AS COMPLEMENTARY METHOD TO INVENTORY MEDIUM AND LARGE-BODIED MAMMALS: THE CASE STUDY OF SERRA DO OURO BRANCO, BRAZIL

We evaluated the use of both ethnozoological and conventional sampling methods to the inventory medium and large-bodied mammals. Our study was conducted at Serra do Ouro Branco, southern portion of Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Ethnozoological methods comprehended interviews and projective tests carried out with 107 residents of three communities, while the conventional sampling was 36 days of diurnal and nocturnal census. We registered 28 mammal species through ethnozoological methods and 20 through conventional methods. Considering the long coexistence of the residents with local fauna and the temporal limitations of conventional methods, it was expected to find a small richness through conventional methods. However, it is important to stress that these methods are complementary and species level identification in many cases would be not possible without conventional sampling. In addition, considering the difficulties to sample mammals, the union of these approaches was positive and had the advantage of involving the local population in the process. The interviews provided additional information that may contribute to understand the conservation status of the species locally and to elaborate conservation strategies based on the interactions of the local human population with the mammals

Feature selection optimization of risk factors for coronary heart disease

Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide problem and is the main cause of mortality when coronary heart disease leads to a heart attack. Hence, it is important to evaluate how to prevent this disease considering the symptoms description and physical examinations.This study points out the application and comparison of different performance measures for the classification of heart disease. Firstly, a feedforward neural network was applied to classify heart disease risk, using the well-known Framingham database. Feature selection optimization was performed to identify the most important variables to take into consideration, minimizing the Type II error and maximizing the accuracy. In addition, a multi-objective optimization algorithm was carried out to simultaneously optimize both performance measures. A set of non-dominated solutions representing the trade-offs between objectives were obtained, and gender, age, systolic blood pressure, and glucose level emerged as the principal factors to take into consideration to predict heart disease. The results obtained are promising and show the importance of considering more than one criterion to identify the most important variables.This work has been supported by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020

On the Thermal Stresses Due to Weathering in Natural Stones

Natural weathering is known as one of the key mechanisms causing degradation in building materials. Great efforts have been made to develop new materials and new processes for protecting those that already exist. Natural stones are an example of a natural material that has been extensively used for building construction since ancient times. In addition, they fit durability, aesthetic, and mechanical requirements. Thus, they still have great importance in the construction business nowadays. Though chemical interactions in natural stones, such as oxidation or hydrolyses, have been widely studied, in the last few decades, the physical weathering due to daily temperature variations has begun to be considered as a key mechanism of degradation and has been incorporated in international standards. This process is particularly important in calcitic marble slabs, where it can cause extensive damages to facades. Consequently, there are restrictive rules for the use of marble as an external coating material in many countries. In this paper, the thermal stresses induced by daily variations in temperature are calculated using geographic and meteorological information. The concept of sol-air temperature is used to estimate the temperatures of the hidden and exposed surfaces of a slab, and Fourier’s law and the theory of elasticity are used to calculate the temperature and stress distribution, respectively. The proposed methodology allows for a detailed reconstruction of the stress induced inside marble slabs using parameters commonly acquired in meteorological stations as input data. The developed methodology was validated by comparing in-situ measurements of the temperature of a building in Pescara (Central Italy). A good correlation between the theoretical and real temperatures was found; in particular, the peak tensile stresses inside the slabs were estimated at 75 kPa

Variáveis psicológicas associadas à cirurgia bariátrica

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as variáveis psicológicas descritas na literatura como associadas ao paciente que se submete à cirurgia bariátrica. O método utilizado foi uma revisão integrativa, utilizando como materiais artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2015, em pesquisa realizada através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde – Psicologia Brasil (BVS – Psi-Brasil) e com as bases de dados: PePSIC, SciELO e LiLACS. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra foi constituída de 6 artigos que indicam que, após a realização da cirurgia bariátrica, houve diminuição da sintomatologia psiquiátrica (ansiedade, depressão e baixa autoestima), redução do uso de substâncias psicoativas e melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes obesos. Ressalta-se a importância de uma avaliação psicológica no pré-operatório, visto que desajustes emocionais comprometem a adesão ao tratamento e tal procedimento pode melhorar os processos para indicações à cirurgia, assim como reduzir as complicações no pós-operatório

Humanização da assistência à saúde na percepção de enfermeiros e médicos de um hospital privado

Objective Exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study aimed at checking the meaning of the term humanization for nurses and physicians at a private hospital in the city of São Paulo and identify factors that hinder and facilitate humanization in care. Method Exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study conducted with 19 health care professionals. After data collection, the reports were categorized according to the method proposed by Bardin and analyzed within the theoretical framework of humanization. Results Humanization is related to respect, caring, and empathy. In professional practice, the actions aimed at humanization can be facilitated by organizational culture, but hampered by overwork. Conclusion It is necessary to adopt management policies and actions that provide professionals to meet the expectations of patients and their families in search of humanized care.Objetivo Verificar el significado del término “humanización” para las enfermeras y los médicos de un hospital privado en la ciudad de São Paulo e identificar los factores que dificultan y facilitan la humanización en la asistencia. Método Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y de abordaje cualitativo. Fueron entrevistados 19 profesionales de la salud y los discursos fueron categorizados de acuerdo con el método propuesto por Bardin y analizados según el referencial teórico de la humanización. Resultados La humanización está relacionada con el respeto, la acogida y la empatía. En la práctica profesional, las acciones dirigidas a la humanización se pueden facilitar por la cultura organizacional, pero dificultadas por el exceso de trabajo. Conclusión Es necesaria la adopción de políticas y acciones de gestión que proporcionen a los profesionales satisfacer las expectativas de los pacientes y sus familias en busca de una asistencia humanizada.Objetivo Verificar o significado do termo “humanização” para enfermeiros e médicos de um hospital privado do município de São Paulo e identificar os fatores que dificultam e facilitam a humanização da assistência. Método Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados 19 profissionais de saúde e os discursos foram categorizados de acordo com o método proposto por Bardin e analisados segundo o referencial teórico da humanização. Resultados A humanização está relacionada com respeito, acolhimento e empatia. Na prática profissional, as ações que visam à humanização podem ser facilitadas pela cultura organizacional, mas dificultadas pela sobrecarga de trabalho. Conclusão É necessária a adoção de políticas e ações gerenciais que propiciem aos profissionais atender às expectativas dos pacientes e seus familiares para a prestação de uma assistência humanizada