Mercado de Capitales : Bolsa de Valores

La presente investigación se enfocó a dar a conocer que es Bolsas de valores en Nicaragua; su papel que desempeña en el mercado nicaragüense de valores; y describir las funciones de los puestos de bolsas y agentes corredores de bolsa. Además, se recolectó información de cómo deben de estar constituidas; los requisitos que deben cumplir como bolsas; el marco legal por el cual debe estar regido y las instituciones vinculadas al funcionamiento. También se describió las bolsas de valores existentes en Nicaragua; sus puestos de bolsas, agentes corredores de bolsas que participan en cada una de ellas. Se elaboró un caso práctico por el cual se eligió el Banco de Finanzas para el desarrollo del caso práctico por su participación de la bolsa de valores, y porque va de acuerdo al perfil de la carrera de Banca y Finanzas, el cual nos servirá para conocer la práctica real de los principios teóricos de la bolsa de valores de Nicaragua y como es el proceso de intervención en la misma. En el caso se exponen tres alternativas de inversión, eligiendo la emisión de títulos valores en la Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua como mejor opción para financiamiento de capital de trabajo del banco BDF. Las ventajas que se obtienen al invertir a través de la Bolsas Valores es ofrecer una mejor opción de financiarse con menos costo y mayor rendimiento. La función del mercado de capitales es reunir a quienes tienen dinero ocioso con quienes lo necesitan, Así, los inversores aportan sus ahorros para que las empresas crezcan, a cambio de una renta. De esta manera, los inversores participan de la economía real y las empresas se financian al más bajo costo del mercado

The Spectral Slope and Escape Fraction of Bright Quasars at z∼3.8z \sim 3.8: the Contribution to the Cosmic UV Background

We use a sample of 1669 QSOs ($r<20.15$, $3.6<z<4.0$) from the BOSS survey to study the intrinsic shape of their continuum and the Lyman continuum photon escape fraction (f$_{esc}$), estimated as the ratio between the observed flux and the expected intrinsic flux (corrected for the intergalactic medium absorption) in the wavelength range 865-885 \AA\ rest-frame. Modelling the intrinsic QSO continuum shape with a power-law, $F_{\lambda}\propto\lambda^{-\gamma}$, we find a median $\gamma=1.30$ (with a dispersion of $0.38$, no dependence on the redshift and a mild intrinsic luminosity dependence) and a mean f$_{esc}=0.75$ (independent of the QSO luminosity and/or redshift). The f$_{esc}$ distribution shows a peak around zero and a long tail of higher values, with a resulting dispersion of $0.7$. If we assume for the QSO continuum a double power-law shape (also compatible with the data) with a break located at $\lambda_{\rm br}=1000$ \AA\ and a softening $\Delta\gamma=0.72$ at wavelengths shorter than $\lambda_{\rm br}$, the mean f$_{esc}$ rises to $=0.82$. Combining our $\gamma$ and f$_{esc}$ estimates with the observed evolution of the AGN luminosity function (LF) we compute the AGN contribution to the UV ionizing background (UVB) as a function of redshift. AGN brighter than one tenth of the characteristic luminosity of the LF are able to produce most of it up $z\sim 3$, if the present sample is representative of their properties. At higher redshifts a contribution of the galaxy population is required. Assuming an escape fraction of Lyman continuum photons from galaxies between $5.5$ and $7.6\%$, independent of the galaxy luminosity and/or redshift, a remarkably good fit to the observational UVB data up to $z\sim 6$ is obtained. At lower redshift the extrapolation of our empirical estimate agrees well with recent UVB observations, dispelling the so-called Photon Underproduction Crisis.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS accepte

Unrevealing sequence and structural features of novel coronavirus using in silico approaches

Direct-acting antivirals are effective tools to control viral infections. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus associated with the epidemiological outbreak in late 2019. Previous reports showed that HIV-1 protease inhibitors could block SARS-CoV main protease. Based on that and using an in silico approach, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 main protease as a target for HIV-1 protease inhibitors to reveal the structural features related to their antiviral effect. Our results showed that several HIV inhibitors such as lopinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir produce strong interaction with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, broad library protease inhibitors obtained from PubChem and ZINC (www.zinc.docking.org) were evaluated. Our analysis revealed 20 compounds that could be clustered into three groups based on their chemical features. Then, these structures could serve as leading compounds to develop a series of derivatives optimizing their activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Altogether, the results presented in this work contribute to gain a deep understanding of the molecular pharmacology of SARS-CoV-2 treatment and validate the use of protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2

Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor

Many human viral diseases are a consequence of a zoonotic event. Some of the diseases caused by these zoonotic events have affected millions of people around the world, some of which have resulted in high rates of morbidity/mortality in humans. Changes in the viral proteins that function as ligands of the host receptor may promote the spillover between species. The most recent of these zoonotic events that have caused an ongoing epidemic of high magnitude is the Covid-19 epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to determine the mutation(s) in the sequence of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 that might be favoring human to human transmission. An in silico approach was performed, and changes were detected in the S1 subunit of the receptor-binding domain of spike. The observed changes have significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interaction and produce a reduction in the binding energy, compared to the one of the Bat-CoV to this receptor. The data presented in this study suggest a higher affinity of the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein to the human ACE2 receptor, compared to the one of Bat-CoV spike and ACE2. This could be the cause of the rapid viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 in humans

Nuestro Campus También es Patrimonio Cultural I

Proyecto de innovación docente vinculado a materias relacionadas con la gestión del Patrimonio Cultural. Este proyecto se desarrolla sobre un escenario práctico donde aprender los temas objeto de estudio: la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid. Persigue establecer nuevos lazos de sociabilidad entre la comunidad universitaria y los bienes culturales. Está basado en metodologías de investigación acción participativa. Así mismo persigue dar a conocer el campus y plantear nuevas actuaciones que mejoren dicho espacio público

Identifying benefits and barriers for IS adoption : a sociotechnical framework applied to health care

The aim of this research is to propose a sociotechnical framework to identify stakeholders involved in information systems and the benefit and barriers to the adoption of such systems. The proposed framework (BEBAF) would help to acknowledge the potential problematic areas for the implementation and adoption of information systems for each actor or social group and to be able to offer solutions based on the potential benefits for each of them. Precursors of BEBAF are social construction of technology (SCOT) and stakeholder identification process. Two case studies in the healthcare contexts, one in the UK and one in Spain, have been conducted in this dissertation using a qualitative approach to provide a rich picture of the influences on e-Health, and the users and organisational response to those influences. Both case studies aimed to support chronically ill patients at home or in nursing homes. BEBAF was then applied to both case studies. Among the most important implications are that those systems hold the promise for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic conditions, providing a better control over the disease. However, their impact on the organisational structures, the lack of funding and the difficulties of alignment of all the actors involved are relevant constraints to their adoption into the mainstream healthcare services. The main contributions of this thesis are: first, the definition and evaluation of a socio-technical framework to investigate IS adoption. Apart from the two closure mechanisms proposed by SCOT, BEBAF proposes a new closure mechanism by reinterpretation of benefits. In turn, the application of the framework has led to identify an extensive list of barriers and benefits for the adoption of e-Health systems with some suggested solutions. Another outcome is a comprehensive list of stakeholders involved in the adoption of such systems.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Estrategias de protección renal en Anestesiología y Cuidados Críticos

In the perioperative setting, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication. By itself, the presence of AKI is associated with adverse outcomes, such as increased risk of chronic kidney disease and mortality. Several risk factors are associated with the appearance of perioperative AKI and identifying them is crucial to initiate renal protective measures. Some renoprotective strategies have been shown to be helpful, others are still under investigation, and others are no longer recommended because they are ineffective or even harmful. The lack of efficacy of these therapies could be due to the fact that the therapy was started too late. The new renal biomarkers allow the identification of kidney damage without loss of function, thus allowing the implementation of preventive measures. The purpose of this review is to present an updated summary of the current evidence about the risk factors and mechanisms that lead to the appearance of AKI in the perioperative and the intensive care unit, as well as the different renoprotective strategies and treatments.En el contexto perioperatorio, el daño renal agudo (acute renal injury o AKI) es una complicación frecuente. Por sí mismo, la presencia de AKI se asocia con resultados adversos, tales como mayor riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y de mortalidad. Varios factores de riesgo están asociados con la aparición de AKI perioperatorio e identificarlos es crucial para iniciar medidas de protección renal.&nbsp; Algunas estrategias renoprotectoras han demostrado ser útiles, otras se encuentran aún en investigación y otras ya no se recomiendan porque son ineficaces o incluso dañinas. La falta de eficacia de estas terapias podría deberse al hecho de que la terapia se inició demasiado tarde. Los nuevos biomarcadores renales permiten identificar el daño renal sin pérdida de función permitiendo así la implementación de medidas preventivas. &nbsp;El propósito de esta revisión es mostrar un resumen actualizado de la evidencia actual acerca de los factores de riesgo y los mecanismos que nos conducen a la aparición de AKI perioperatorio y en unidad de cuidados críticos así como las diferentes estrategias y tratamientos renoprotectores