La vulneración del derecho al debido proceso de las personas quechua hablantes en el Perú

A nivel mundial es Perú es considerado un país multilingüe y pluricultural, por lo que existe más de un idioma oficial reconocido por la constitución política del Perú, razón por el cual, el presente trabajo de investigación busca determinar la vulneración del derechos al debido proceso de las personas Quechuahablantes en el Perú, con el objetivo de Describir la vulneración del derecho al debido proceso de las personas Quechuahablantes y estableces medias de protección para que este no sea vulnerado, teniendo como aporte importante que si es necesario que el estado peruano garantice los derechos de todas las personas por igual sin discriminación, es por ello que se debe de implementar la creación de juzgados especializados que dominen el idioma quechua en los lugares donde hay mayor población quechuahablantes y la junta nacional de justicia debe proponer como requisito el idioma quechua para postulantes a jueces en los distritos judiciales donde hay mayor población que domina este idioma, para la elaboración de este trabajo se utilizó técnicas de recolección de datos tales como la entrevista y estudio de casos para analizar el problema planteado para lo cual se harán entrevistas a especialistas abogados como también jueces que trabajan en la corte superior de justicia, además, se analizara una sentencia del tribunal constitucional el máximo intérprete de la constitución y se encontró como resultado que se vulnero el derecho al debido proceso debido a que en el Perú los juzgados especializados solo se usa el idioma castellano, razón por el cual las personas Quechuahablantes son dejadas de lado porque no hablan dicho idioma y sufren discriminación porque no acceden a la justicia en igualdad de parte

Cannabis; epidemiological, neurobiological and psychopathological issues: an update

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Maria Antonietta De Luca, Gaetano Di Chiara, Cristina Cadoni, Daniele Lecca, Laura Orsolini, Duccio Papanti, John Corkery, Fabrizio Schifano, 'Cannabis; Epidemiological, Neurobiological and Psychopathological Issues: An Update', CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, Vol. 16, 2017. The published manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527316666170413113246. Published by Bentham Science.Cannabis is the illicit drug with both the largest current levels of consumption and the highest reported lifetime prevalence levels in the world. Across different countries, the prevalence of cannabis use varies according to the individual income, with the highest use being reported in North America, Australia and Europe. Despite its ‘soft drug’ reputation, cannabis misuse may be associated with several acute and chronic adverse effects. The present article aims at reviewing several papers on epidemiological, neurobiological and psychopathological aspects of the use of cannabis. The PubMed database was here examined in order to collect and discuss a range of identified papers. Cannabis intake usually starts during late adolescence/early adulthood (15-24 years) and drastically decreases in adulthood with the acquisition of working, familiar and social responsibilities. Clinical evidence supports the current socio-epidemiological alarm concerning the increased consumption among youngsters and the risks related to the onset of psychotic disorders. The mechanism of action of cannabis presents some analogies with other abused drugs, e.g. opiates. Furthermore, it has been well demonstrated that cannabis intake in adolescence may facilitate the transition to the use and/or abuse of other psychotropic drugs, hence properly being considered a ‘gateway drug’. Some considerations on synthetic cannabimimetics are provided here as well. In conclusion, the highest prevalence of cannabis use and the social perception of a relatively low associated risk are in contrast with current knowledge based on biological and clinical evidence. Indeed, there are concerns relating to cannabis intake association with detrimental effects on both cognitive impairment and mental health.Peer reviewe

Propuesta de manejo de residuos sólidos en el condominio Nuestra Señora de la Paz – Chiclayo para reducir el impacto ambiental

En la actualidad (2018) la generación de residuos sólidos municipales en el Perú y el crecimiento económico ha aumentado considerablemente en los últimos años. La presente investigación se basa en la propuesta de manejo de residuos sólidos en el \Condominio Nuestra Señora de la Paz, con la finalidad de reducir el impacto ambiental generado por el mal manejo de residuos sólidos. Se realizó el estudio de caracterización de residuos sólidos, determinado que la generación per cápita de residuos en el condominio es de 0,32 kg/día/habitante. Para el diagnostico de los impactos generados se utilizó las metodologías (hojas de campo, valorización de impactos y Matriz de Leopold) para conocer en qué medida estaba afectando la mala gestión de residuos a los habitantes y a su entorno, determinándose que existe un fuerte impacto en ambiental en el Condominio Nuestra Señora de la Paz. Por ello se propone realizar capacitaciones ( para sensibilizar , concientizar e informar a los pobladores sobre el manejo de residuos) , implementación de puntos ecológicos dentro del condominio para la clasificación y almacenamiento temporal de residuos, estos serán ubicados de acuerdo al color que indica la norma técnica peruana (color azul, blanco y verde), una vez que los residuos sean segregados y clasificados en los contenedores, se dispondrá de los residuos orgánicos para la realización de compostaje; mientras que los residuos inorgánicos (contenedor Azul) serán vendidos a los recicladores y contenedor negro (residuos sanitarios) serán recogidos por el camión recolector de basura de la Municipalidad. El análisis económico determina que hasta el año 1 se registran pérdidas de S/. -1,714.57 recuperando la inversión inicial en el año 2 con utilidades netas de S/. 15,169.04 con una ganancia neta S/57,559.62 (VAN) permitiendo que la rentabilidad del proyecto sea del 97 % (TIR), lo que indica que es un proyecto rentable ya que es mayor al COK 12% (proyectos similares). Con estos resultados se determina que es un proyecto técnicamente fructífero tanto ambiental como económicamente

The ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 controls oligodendrocyte maturation by intertwining mTOR with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in the regulation of GPR17 receptor desensitization

During oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation, defective control of the membrane receptor GPR17 has been suggested to block cell maturation and impair remyelination under demyelinating conditions. After the immature oligodendrocyte stage, to enable cells to complete maturation, GPR17 is physiologically down-regulated via phosphorylation/desensitization by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs); conversely, GRKs are regulated by the "mammalian target of rapamycin" mTOR. However, how GRKs and mTOR are connected to each other in modulating GPR17 function and oligodendrogenesis has remained elusive. Here we show, for the first time, a role for Murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), a ligase previously involved in ubiquitination/degradation of the onco-suppressor p53 protein. In maturing OPCs, both rapamycin and Nutlin-3, a small molecule inhibitor of Mdm2-p53 interactions, increased GRK2 sequestration by Mdm2, leading to impaired GPR17 down-regulation and OPC maturation block. Thus, Mdm2 intertwines mTOR with GRK2 in regulating GPR17 and oligodendrogenesis and represents a novel actor in myelination

Benefits of Exercise with Mini Tennis in Intellectual Disabilities: Effects on Body Image and Psychopathology

The present study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of an introductory mini tennis programme as a therapeutic aid in the psychosocial rehabilitation of participants affected by mild/moderate intellectual disability in semi-residential care

Quality of life in carotid atherosclerosis: The role of co-morbid mood disorders

Introduction/Objective: To study in severe carotid atherosclerosis (CA): The frequency of mood disorders (MD); the impairment of quality of life (QoL); the role of co-morbid MD in such impairment. Methods: Case-control study. Cases: consecutive in-patients with CA (stenosis ≥ 50%). Controls: subjects with no diagnosis of CA randomized from a database of a community survey. Psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-IV made by clinicians and semi-structured interview, QoL measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: This is the first study on comorbidity on CA disease and MD in which psychiatric diagnoses are conducted by clinicians according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (17.4% vs 2.72%, P <0.0001) but not Bipolar Disorders (BD) (4.3% vs 0.5%, P = 0.99) was higher in cases (N=46) than in controls (N= 184). SF-12 scores in cases were lower than in controls (30.56±8.12 vs 36.81±6:40; p <0.001) with QoL comparable to serious chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The burden of a concomitant MDD or BD amplifies QoL impairment. Conclusion: Comorbid MD aggravates the impairment of QoL in CA. Unlike autoimmune diseases or degenerative diseases of the Central Nervous System, CA shows a strong risk of MDD than BD

Biosensors in occupational safety and health management : a narrative review

A sensor is a device used to gather information registered by some biological, physical or chemical change, and then convert the information into a measurable signal. The first biosensor prototype was conceived more than a century ago, in 1906, but a properly defined biosensor was only developed later in 1956. Some of them have reached the commercial stage and are routinely used in environmental and agricultural applications, and especially, in clinical laboratory and industrial analysis, mostly because it is an economical, simple and efficient instrument for the in situ detection of the bioavailability of a broad range of environmental pollutants. We propose a narrative review, that found 32 papers and aims to discuss the possible uses of biosensors, focusing on their use in the area of occupational safety and health (OSH)

Como morrem os brasileiros : caracterização e distribuição geográfica dos óbitos no Brasil, 2000, 2005 e 2009

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos segundo características sociodemográficas e causas de morte. Método: Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade – SIM – para 2000, 2005 e 2009, e do Censo Demográfico 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram analisadas variáveis da Declaração de Óbito, destacando-se as específicas para óbitos fetais e infantis. Resultados: Aproximadamente 30% dos óbitos fetais e não fetais, em 2009, ocorreram fora do município de residência, sendo no Nordeste 38%. O número de óbitos fetais e infantis diminuiu no período, caracterizados pela maior frequência da prematuridade e do baixo peso. Aproximadamente 30% dos óbitos fetais e neonatais tiveram peso acima de 2.500 gramas. Aumentou a proporção de óbitos em idades acima de 80 anos. Maiores proporções de óbitos masculinos continuam sendo observadas nas idades adultas jovens e nos municípios de maior porte. Em 2009, as principais causas de morte foram: doenças do aparelho circulatório; causas externas; neoplasias e doenças do aparelho respiratório. Conclusão: Encontrou-se intensa mobilidade espacial das pessoas em busca da assistência à saúde: quanto menor o porte populacional do município de residência, maior a proporção de óbitos ocorridos fora da região de saúde. Houve uma redução de óbitos infantis, e ainda tem-se que aprofundar no conhecimento das tendências e características dos óbitos fetais. O envelhecimento da estrutura etária dos óbitos evidencia novos desafios a serem enfrentados para a melhoria da qualidade de saúde dos brasileiros. Destaca-se o aprimoramento na qualidade dos dados do SIM

The Use of Antidepressant Drugs and the Lifetime Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorders in Italy

BACKGROUND: The increased use of antidepressant drugs (ADs) improved the response to the needs of care although some community surveys have shown that subjects without lifetime psychiatric diagnosis (anxiety/depression) used ADs. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the appropriateness and amount of prescription of psychotropic drugs in people with lifetime diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) by means of community survey with a semi-structured interview as a diagnostic instrument, administered by clinicians. METHODS: STUDY DESIGN: community survey. STUDY POPULATION: samples randomly drawn, after stratification from the adult population of municipal records. Sample size: 4.999 people were drawn in 7 centres of 6 Italian regions. TOOLS: questionnaire on psychotropic drug consumption, prescription, health services utilization; Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV modified (ANTAS); Training: interviewers were trained psychologists or medical doctors. RESULTS: 3.398 subjects were interviewed (68% of the recruited sample). The lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV MDD was 4.3% in males and 11.5% in females; antidepressant drugs were taken by 4.7% of subjects, 2.9% male and 5.9% female. 38% of males and 57% of females with lifetime diagnosis of MDD were taking ADs. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with studies using lay interviewers and structured tools the prevalence of the MDD was quite lower; ADs use was higher and tallied well with the data regarding antidepressant sales in Italy; the correspondence between lifetime diagnosis of MDD and ADs use was closer