Extração de nemátodes de quisto de amostras de solo: método de decantação e crivagem de Cobb vs. método de Fenwick

Potato cyst nematodes are a threat to several agricultural crops around the world with some species considered quarantine pests and subjected to strict regulatory measures in many countries. Usually, cysts nematodes co-exist in the soil with other species of plant-parasitic nematodes, so, a time and cost-efficient extraction technique becomes of primary importance. The ideal extraction method should be able to obtain cysts as well as detecting the presence of other motile plant-parasitic nematodes with a potential impact on potato farming (such as Meloidogyne sp. and Pratylenchus sp.). In recent years, studies have been carried out to test the efficiency of various methods of nematode extraction but few results have been published. Therefore, to test if a method that extracts simultaneously cysts and motile nematodes can be used instead of the reference method that extracts cysts only, the efficiency of Cobb’s decanting and sieving technique was compared to Fenwick’s technique. As a result, in the 74 samples evaluated, a greater number of cysts were extracted from 24 samples using Fenwick’s method and from 11 samples employing Cobb’s decanting and sieving technique. The statistics results showed a significance level of 0,05 using Fenwick’s can allowing to conclude that this method is much more efficient than Cobb’s decanting and sieving technique, and confirming it should not be replaced by alternative methods for cysts extractioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impacts of the Proposals For Tariff Reductions in Non-Agricultural Market Access (Nama)

O Estudo Visa Avaliar os Impactos de Propostas Alternativas de Redução da Proteção Tarifária de Bens Não-Agrícolas Sobre a Economia Brasileira Usando um Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável. Foram Simulados os Impactos da Implementação de Cortes Tarifários de Acordo com Diferentes Coeficientes para a Fórmula Suíça. as Simulações Foram Realizadas com o Modelo Gtap e Todos os Choques Tarifários Foram Calculados a Partir de Informações da Base de Dados Macmap. Além de Analisar Resultados Macroeconômicos e Setoriais, Também foi Testada a Sensibilidade dos Resultados em Relação ao Aumento das Elasticidades de Armington e À Ocorrência de uma Simultânea Liberalização de Tarifas Sobre Bens Agrícolas.

Statistical Mechanics Characterization of Neuronal Mosaics

The spatial distribution of neuronal cells is an important requirement for achieving proper neuronal function in several parts of the nervous system of most animals. For instance, specific distribution of photoreceptors and related neuronal cells, particularly the ganglion cells, in mammal's retina is required in order to properly sample the projected scene. This work presents how two concepts from the areas of statistical mechanics and complex systems, namely the \emph{lacunarity} and the \emph{multiscale entropy} (i.e. the entropy calculated over progressively diffused representations of the cell mosaic), have allowed effective characterization of the spatial distribution of retinal cells.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, The following article has been submitted to Applied Physics Letters. If it is published, it will be found online at http://apl.aip.org

Barriers to cardiac rehabilitation delivery in a low-resource setting from the perspective of healthcare administrators, rehabilitation providers, and cardiac patients

Background: Despite clinical practice guideline recommendations that cardiovascular disease patients participate, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are highly unavailable and underutilized. This is particularly true in low-resource settings, where the epidemic is at its’ worst. The reasons are complex, and include health system, program and patient-level barriers. This is the first study to assess barriers at all these levels concurrently, and to do so in a lowresource setting. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from three cohorts (healthcare administrators, CR coordinators and patients) were triangulated. Healthcare administrators from all institutions offering cardiac services, and providers from all CR programs in public and private institutions of Minas Gerais state, Brazil were invited to complete a questionnaire. Patients from a random subsample of 12 outpatient cardiac clinics and 11 CR programs in these institutions completed the CR Barriers Scale. Results: Thirty-two (35.2%) healthcare administrators, 16 (28.6%) CR providers and 805 cardiac patients (305 [37.9%] attending CR) consented to participate. Administrators recognized the importance of CR, but also the lack of resources to deliver it; CR providers noted referral is lacking. Patients who were not enrolled in CR reported significantly greater barriers related to comorbidities/functional status, perceived need, personal/family issues and access than enrollees, and enrollees reported travel/work conflicts as greater barriers than non-enrollees (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: The inter-relationship among barriers at each level is evident; without resources to offer more programs, there are no programs to which physicians can refer (and hence inform and encourage patients to attend), and patients will continue to have barriers related to distance, cost and transport. Advocacy for services is needed. Keywords: Health care services, Cardiac rehabilitation, Cardiac care facilities, Attitude of health personnelYork University Librarie

A Formalized Extension of the Substitution Lemma in Coq

The substitution lemma is a renowned theorem within the realm of lambda-calculus theory and concerns the interactional behaviour of the metasubstitution operation. In this work, we augment the lambda-calculus's grammar with an uninterpreted explicit substitution operator, which allows the use of our framework for different calculi with explicit substitutions. Our primary contribution lies in verifying that, despite these modifications, the substitution lemma continues to remain valid. This confirmation was achieved using the Coq proof assistant. Our formalization methodology employs a nominal approach, which provides a direct implementation of the alpha-equivalence concept. The strategy involved in variable renaming within the proofs presents a challenge, specially on ensuring an exploration of the implications of our extension to the grammar of the lambda-calculus.Comment: In Proceedings FROM 2023, arXiv:2309.1295

Saline stress and cell toxicity evaluation using suspended plant cell cultures of horticultural crops grown in a bioreactor

Crop salt damage consists, usually, of leaf burn and defoliation, and it is associated with accumulation of toxic levels of sodium and/or chloride in leaf cells (Storey and Walker, 1999). The cell and tissue culture are simple biological systems that offer a direct approach to the metabolic changes. The plant cell growth in a controlled environment, as a bioreactor, is a unique tool for cell ion transport studies. Cell suspension culture of citrus cell line was exposed to a medium containing different sodium chloride concentrations (0mM, 42.7mM and 85.5mM). The growth profile of control cells (absence of NaCl) and 85.5mM cells were similar. The lack of inhibition of biomass accumulation, of all tested saline conditions clearly showed that the level of NaCl concentration used was not toxic for the cell metabolism. Also its ability to resist to 85.5mM NaCl can be on evidence that this suspension cel culture might have salt tolerance characteristics

Alleviation of salt stress using exogenous proline on a citrus cell line

Salinity constitutes an important abiotic problem since ancient times, world-wide, for it leads to a decrease in productivity of crops with agronomic value. Under salt stress conditions, plant cells develop strategies to cope with Na+ and Cl-, including exclusion and compartmentalisation, induction of antioxidant enzymatic systems and compatible solutes accumulation, such as proline. The precise function of this osmolyte still remains unclear. Proline may act on osmotic adjustment, as a free radical scavenger, protecting enzymes and avoiding DNA damages. It has been also suggested the role of proline in prevention of lipid peroxidation and as a signalling/regulatory molecule. A salt-sensitive Citrus sinensis ‘Valencia late’ cell line has a smaller growth rate and accumulates proline in the presence of NaCl (>200 mM). The addition of external proline to this cell line was evaluated in terms of cell metabolism. A positive influence on the relieve of salt stress symptoms due to the presence of exogenous proline 5 mM and 100 mM NaCl was obtained, with increased growth of this salt sensitive citrus cell line.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cholesterol affects African swine fever virus infection

African swine fever virus (ASFV) enters cells by receptor mediated endocytosis and requires a fusion event between the viral envelope and the limiting membrane of the endosome at low pH. In order to investigate the role of cholesterol in the early stages of ASFV infection, we have studied the effect of the removal of cell and viral membrane cholesterol by cholesterol oxidase treatment of cells and virions, as well as the effect of some inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis on the infectious pathway. In addition, we have investigated viral infection in cholesterol-depleted Vero cells. Both cholesterol-depleted and cholesterol oxidase-treated Vero cells were unaltered in their ability to bind or internalize the virus, but were blocked in ASFV fusion and subsequent virus replication. Our results indicate that ASFV infection is affected by cholesterol in the target membrane.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1X-3V3N06F-2/1/e52e3430df628f470dc4b0b8400b4b2

Production of bioethanol from sweet potato, agro industrial wastes

One fraction of the existent petroleum is not extractable or the difficulties associated to extraction are very expensive making them unviable. This situation leads to a decrease in petroleum stocks all over the world and a resulting increment on its price, affecting in particular the transportation sector, since there is no relevant alternative to fossil petroleum