Empatia rodziców jako korelat indywidualnych różnic w zakresie empatycznej troski u dzieci

Parental empathy as a correlate of individual differences in empathic concern amongst childrenMany researchers suggest that empathy is influenced by social experiences of a child. It is claimed that the general tendency to empathize is related to environmental factors – family in the first place. Moreover, psychological studies show that empathy is related to the social adjustment of children.Based on these findings the author implemented the research project designed to analyze the link between parents’ empathy and empathic concern displayed by their children (aged 4–9). Additionally, gender differences in empathy were explored amongst children and adults. The study was also aimed at verifying relations between empathy of kindergarten/elementary school children and their behavioral style in a peer group.Results indicate that empathy of mothers parallels their children’s, especially daughters’, tendency to express empathic concern. Mothers scored higher than fathers on two subscales of the Empathy Sensitivity Scale. Girls and boys were seen as similarly empathetic by their teachers. In line with research hypotheses, it was found that children’s empathy is related to the perception of their behaviors. More empathetic children were viewed as cooperative, less aggressive or as maintaining better relation with their teacher

Cytochemical and immunocytochemical studies of the localization of histones and protamine-type proteins in spermatids of Chara vulgaris and Chara tomentosa.

Spermiogenesis in Chara algae, which has been divided into 10 phases (sp I-X), is similar to spermiogenesis in animals. The most important process during spermiogenesis in animals is remodeling of chromatin leading to "sleeping genome", being the result the exchange of histone proteins into protamine-like proteins. Cytochemical studies showed in both Chara species (C. vulgaris, C. tomentosa) that at spI-IV phases only histones were present, at spV-VIII phases--the amount of nuclear protamine-type proteins progressively increased and that of histones decreased while at spIX-X only pro-tamine-type proteins were present. This was also confirmed with capillar electrophoresis. In order to localize more precisely both histones and protamines the immunocytochemical studies with the use of anti-protamine antibodies (protamine-type proteins were obtained from C. tomentosa antheridia) and anti-histone H3 antibodies, have been carried out. More specific immunocytochemical studies confirmed cytochemical results including the exchange of histones into protamine-type during spermiogenesis (spV-VIII) in both Chara species. At phase V spermiogenesis these strong strand-like anti-protamine signals were observed in cytoplasm which might suggest that protamine synthesis took place in ER

Matematyka na TAK. Program nauczania matematyki IV etap edukacyjny - zakres podstawowy i rozszerzony

Program nauczania matematyki w szkołach ponadgimnazjalnych, tj. w ramach IV etapu nauczania, z uwzględnieniem wymagań reformy programowe

Short‑term cell death in tissues of Pulsatilla vernalis seeds from natural and ex situ conserved populations

Pulsatilla vernalis is a IUCN listed species that occurs in mountain and lowland habitats. The seeds collected from different populations are remarkably diverse in their viability depending on locality or year of collection. We aim to analyse seed viability, among others, by investigation of the percentage of alive, dying, and dead cells in embryos and endosperm when comparing the seeds from a wild lowland population and ex situ cultivation of plants of lowland and Alpine origin. The cell death was detected by staining with two fluorescence probes, one penetrating only the changed nuclear membranes, the other penetrating also the unchanged cells. 54.5% of Alpine origin seeds were presumably capable of germination if they were sown after collection, however, four months later only 36.4% had healthy embryos. In the case of lowland wild plants it was 31.8% and 18.2%, and from ex situ, 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively. 27.3% of Alpine origin seeds had embryo in torpedo stage (9.1% in the case of lowland seeds). Mean weight of the former was 2.9 mg (2.0 mg in lowland ones). Our results confirm the significance of seed origin and seed weight on viability, and that Pulsatilla seeds have a short ‘germination time window’

Prevalence of Impaired Hearing and Vision in Patients with Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a common dermatosis occurring witha frequency of about 0.2-4.0% in world population. Themain skin symptom of disease are white patches appearingas a result of destruction or dysfunction of pigment cells(melanocytes). Melanocytes are localized not only in epidermisand bulge region of hair follicle, but also in inner earand eyeball structures, and therefore vitiligo may coexistswith auditory and visual disorders. The most frequent auditoryand visual disturbances occurring in vitiligo patientsare discussed in this article

Charakter więzi rodzinnych oraz uwarunkowania ich kształtowania się w sytuacji okołoporodowej

Exploring bonds and its determinants within the family with newborn infants In the psychological literature there are theories of mother-infant bonding defined as a process that begins in prenatal life. The authors explored the perceived family cohesion amongst people who has just become parents from the perspective of bonding theories. The studies were conducted during 2-3 days after the childbirth. Mothers (the first and the second study) and fathers (the second study) described the current perceived structure of their family system (the position of a newborn child, parents, others in the family), Associations between the perceived family cohesion and personality traits of participants, as well as factors connected with childbirth were examined. The research project was comprised of two studies. Fifty two women took part in the first study, and a group of young parents participated in the second study (29 women and 25 men, including 24 pairs), All women were hospitalized at the Neonatal Clinic – Department of Gynecology and Obsterics at the Medical University of Gdansk, and were 2/3 days after giving birth to a child. Results of the research indicate that mother-infant bonding is a process associated with creating the stability of a family system. Factors that facilitate this process include orientation towards others among mothers, and differentation of self of fathers, as well as their participation in childbirth

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

We present detailed Raman studies of graphene deposited on gallium nitride nanowires with different variations in height. Our results indicate that different density and height of nanowires impact graphene properties such as roughness, strain, and carrier concentration as well as density and type of induced defects. Tracing the manifestation of those interactions is important for the application of novel heterostructures. A detailed analysis of Raman spectra of graphene deposited on different nanowire substrates shows that bigger differences in nanowires height increase graphene strain, while a higher number of nanowires in contact with graphene locally reduces the strain. Moreover, the value of graphene carrier concentration is found to be correlated with the density of nano wires in contact with graphene. The lowest concentration of defects is observed for graphene deposited on nanowires with the lowest density. The contact between graphene and densely arranged nanowires leads to a large density of vacancies. On the other hand, grain boundaries are the main type of defects in graphene on rarely distributed nanowires. Our results also show modification of graphene carrier concentration and strain by different types of defects present in graphene. Therefore, the nanowire substrate is promising not only for strain and carrier concentration engineering but also for defect engineering.This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in 2015-2019 as a research grant "Diamond Grant" (n degrees. DI2014 015744). The GaN nanowires were grown within the Polish National Science Centre (grants n degrees. UMO-2016/21/N/ST3/03381 and 2016/23/B/ST7/03745). This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) under grant n degrees. EOS 30467715