Bioethics and health law: the living will. Proposal to create a living will record in Europe

In this piece of work, we present a proposal to create a living will record in Europe that will allow people to have the same rights wherever they are. Therefore, this article will be studied from the bioethics and health law theory

The role of diet and physical activity in children and adolescents with ADHD

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, presenting with pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperact ivity, impulsivity, or a combination. There is scientific evidence that some dietary and physical activity strategies may be useful to improve the symptoms of ADHD and benefit the social, cognitive and academic performance of children and adolescents with ADHD. The purpose of our study was to review the scientific literature on the role of diet and physical activity in ADHD symptomatology up to date

Relacionamentos universidade – empresa: problemática e perspectivas

Nos últimos anos o conceito de inovação alterou-se consideravelmente. Várias abordagens teóricas sustentam que as empresas não inovam isoladas e que a inovação surge como um processo complexo evolucionário e interactivo de aprendizagem, realizado com a contribuição de variados agentes económicos e sociais que possuem acesso a diferentes tipos de informações e conhecimentos. Neste trabalho, evidenciam-se os relacionamentos dos relacionamentos externos no estímulo da inovação empresarial, destacando-se os relacionamentos estabelecidos entre a universidade e o tecido empresarial. Dado que este tipo de relacionamentos proporcionam às empresas vantagens indiscutíveis no âmbito da inovação. No obstante, existem problemas neste tipo de relacionamentos, que urge identificar e solucionar. Assim, esta investigação tem por finalidade apresentar os contributos e as vantagens associadas aos relacionamentos estabelecidos entre as universidades e as empresas, bem como, descrever os principais problemas resultantes desses relacionamentos. Por fim, apresentam-se as perspectivas futuras de desenvolvimento da investigação, com recurso a estudos de caso

La pseudofeminización de la profesión periodística en España

Este artículo se basa en parte del material obtenido en una investigación realizada para el Col·legi de Periodistes de Catalunya. Tras un examen de los datos sobre la inserción laboral de la mujer en el periodismo español, se enfrenta a la hipótesis dominante de la feminización de la profesión y defiende que debe hablarse más bien de una pseudofeminización. Dichos datos revelan que a) las mujeres tienen una alta tasa de abandonos de la profesión, b) ocupan cargos de escasa responsabilidad, c) tienen mayor presencia en sectores considerados periféricos o de escasa influencia social y d) sus trayectorias profesionales están marcadas por los cambios hacia espacios profesionales menos visibles pero más compatibles con la vida privada.This article proposes the idea of the "Pseudofeminisation" of journalism in Spain in opposition to the hypothesis of Feminisation. Feminisation has been a dominant idea in the sociology of news in Spain for explaining the role of women journalists over the last fifteen years. Instead, research carried out by the authors for the Col·legi de Periodistes de Catalunya demonstrates the weakness of this hipothesis because: a) a lot of women leave journalism before their forties; b) their job in the newsroom generally involves less responsibility than the staff positions; c) there are a lot of women working in communication sectors with lower social influence or that are peripheral; and d) their professional careers lead them to occupy positions that are less visible but much more compatible with their private life.Artikulu hau Col·legi de Periodistes de Catalunya delakoarentzat egindako ikerketa baten materialean oinarritzen da.Emakumea Espainiako kazetaritza-ren lanean nola sartzen den aztertu ondoren, lanbidearen feminizazioaren hipotesi nagusiari aurre egiten dio, eta pseudo-feminizazioaz hitz egitea hobe dela defendatzen du. Datu horien arabera a) emakume askok lanbidetik alde egiten dute, b) erantzukizun eskaseko lanpostuak betetzen dituzte, c) perife-rikotzat hartzen diren sektoreetan presentzia handiagoa dute eta d) haien lanbide-ibilbideetan hain ikusgarria ez baina bizitza pribatuarekin bateragarriagoak diren lanbide-esparruetarako aldaketak egiten dituzte

Livestock activity biomarkers: Estimating domestication and diet of livestock in ancient samples

[EN]Faecal matter is commonly recovered from archaeological sites related to human/animal activity. The identification of its source is essential to understand the domestication process and the relationship between humans and domestic animals in ancient times. Additionally, faecal matter is useful for determining the diet of animals. Therefore, the use of an appropriate biomarker is essential. The ratios of 5 beta-Stanols and bile acid biomarkers are most commonly used to identify the biogenic origin of faecal matter. However, other biomarkers such as archaeol can be a good proxy for ruminants. Conversely, plant-based diet of the animals can be discerned by analysis of faecal matter. n-Alkanes are the most common proxies of the animal diet, followed by long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols, and the interest in the analysis of carbon isotopes has recently increased owing to the possibility of distinguishing animal diets. In this review, we describe the identification of faecal and diet biomarkers in animals. Ratios and proxies used in archaeological fields are also described and discussed to determine the best approach for accurate identification.This work was funded by the Basque Government, Research Groups of the Basque University System (Project No. IT1186-19)

Utilización de la dendrogeomorfología como geoindicador para evaluar procesos de erosión

Use of dendrogeomorphology as geoindicator to assess erosion processes.Anatomical changes of exposed tree roots are a valuable tools to date erosion events. The roots of some tree species subjected to erosive events suffer changes allow to quantify such processes. A descriptive and quantitative study was conducted in Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L the Senda Schmidt, a popular trail located on the northern slope of the Sierra de Guadarrama (Central Iberian System, Spain). Measurement of significant parameters allowed the moment of exposure of the roots to be identified. These parameters were: a) width of the growth ring; b) number of cells per ring; c) percentage of latewood and d) diameter of cellular light in earlywood. A one-way analysis ANOVA was also carried out in order to establish statistically significant differences between homogeneous groups of measurements in preexposed and exposed roots

Circadian rhythm abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) patients frequently show autonomic symptoms which may be associated with a hypothalamic dysfunction. This study aimed to explore circadian rhythm patterns in rest and activity and distal skin temperature (DST) and their association with self-reported outcome measures, in CFS/ME patients and healthy controls at two different times of year. Ten women who met both the 1994 CDC/Fukuda definition and 2003 Canadian criteria for CFS/ME were included in the study, along with ten healthy controls matched for age, sex and body mass index. Self-reported measures were used to assess fatigue, sleep quality, anxiety and depression, autonomic function and health-related quality of life. The ActTrust actigraph was used to record activity, DST and light intensity, with data intervals of one minute over seven consecutive days. Sleep variables were obtained through actigraphic analysis and from subjective sleep diary. The circadian variables and the spectral analysis of the rhythms were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the rhythmic variables and clinical features. Recordings were taken in the same subjects in winter and summer. Results showed no differences in rhythm stability, sleep latency or number of awakenings between groups as measured with the actigraph. However, daily activity, the relative amplitude and the stability of the activity rhythm were lower in CFS/ME patients than in controls. DST was sensitive to environmental temperature and showed lower nocturnal values in CFS/ME patients than controls only in winter. A spectral analysis showed no differences in phase or amplitude of the 24h rhythm, but the power of the second harmonic (12h), revealed differences between groups (controls showed a post-lunch dip in activity and peak in DST, while CFS/ME patients did not) and correlated with clinical features. These findings suggest that circadian regulation and skin vasodilator responses may play a role in CFS/ME

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived

Background: The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many facets. This ecological study analysed age-standardized incidence rates by economic level in Barcelona. Methods: We evaluated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona (Spain) between 26 February 2020 and 19 April 2020. Districts were classified according to most recent (2017) mean income data. The reference for estimating age-standardized cumulative incidence rates was the 2018 European population. The association between incidence rate and mean income by district was estimated with the Spearman rho. Results: The lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003). Districts with the lowest mean income had the highest incidence of COVID-19 per 10 000 inhabitants; in contrast, those with the highest income had the lowest incidence. Specifically, the district with the lowest income had 2.5 times greater incidence of the disease, compared with the highest-income district [70 (95% confidence interval 66-73) versus 28 (25-31), respectively]. Conclusions: The incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. Beyond healthcare for people with the disease, attention must focus on a health strategy for the whole population, particularly in the most deprived areas

ADHD subtypes are associated differently with circadian rhythms of motor activity, sleep disturbances, and body mass index in children and adolescents: a case-control study

To date, few studies have examined the circadian pattern of motor activity in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective was to study the circadian pattern of motor activity in subjects with ADHD (medication naïve) and to investigate the relationships between alterations in circadian patterns, the ADHD subtype (combined or inattentive), sleep disturbances and body mass index (BMI). One-hundred twenty children and adolescents (60 medication naïve ADHD and 60 controls) were included in a gender- and age-matched case-control study. ADHD was diagnosed according to the DSM-IV-TR, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version, and the Conner's Parents Rating Scale-Revised. Circadian rhythms of motor activity and sleep parameters were measured using actigraphy and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. BMI and dietary intake were also evaluated. ADHD patients showed a trend towards eveningness and greater sleep disturbances than controls. Additionally, patients with ADHD-combined had significantly higher mean values of motor activity and showed a significant delay in bedtime. Furthermore, among ADHD-C patients hyperactivity symptoms were significantly associated with the least 5 h of activity. Regarding patients with ADHD-inattentive, increased fragmentation of the circadian pattern was associated with inattention symptoms, and they also showed a significant increase in BMI of 2.52 kg/m2 [95% CI 0.31, 4.73] in comparison with controls. Our findings highlight the potential use of actigraphy as a clinical tool to aid in the diagnosis of ADHD. It should be noted that evaluating motor activity variables could also allow the differentiation between ADHD subtype</p

Os factores que influenciam a adopção do comércio electrónico nas empresas europeias

Companies’ competitiveness depends on, among other elements, an increasing use of information and communications technologies. However, in Europe implementation solutions of e-commerce are still at a very early stage. Based on some existent studies, this article presents a comparative analysis on the use of electronic commerce in European companies. The research question to be solved concern factors that influence the adoption of electronic commerce. Given the controversial results among the different countries and the relevant factors that influence the adoption of eCommerce some questions have arisen: The different patterns of eCommerce adoption and its usage in Europe; the influence of national culture on the adoption of eCommerce; If the factors affecting the adoption of eCommerce match the ones behind the adoption of any form of ICT