Lęk separacyjny u dzieci jako najczęstsze zaburzenie skutkujące unikaniem szkoły

Anxiety disorders form a part of the most common health disorders existing at the evolutional age. School refusal could be defined as a difficulty in attending school associated with emotional distress, especially anxiety and depression. Separation anxiety can be a meaningful factor of school attendance reluctance.Children suffering from separation anxiety usually experience unrealistic fear of being separated from their meaningful persons. The squeals of childhood anxiety disorders include social, family, and academic impairments. Anxiety separation disorders disrupt the normal psychosocial development of a child.Zaburzenia lękowe należą do najczęściej spotykanych zaburzeń wieku rozwojowego. Unikanie szkoły można zdefiniować jako trudności w uczęszczaniu do szkoły związane z emocjonalnymi zaburzeniami, szczególnie lękowymi i depre-syjnymi. Lęk separacyjny jest głównym podło-żem odmowy chodzenia do szkoły.Dzieciom cierpiącym z powodu lęku separacyjnego towarzyszy nierealistyczny strach przed oddzieleniem od bliskiej osoby. Następstwem zaburzeń lękowych u dzieci jest obniżone funkcjonowanie społeczne, rodzinne i gorsze wykształcenie. Lęk separacyjny upośledza prawidłowy rozwój psychospołeczny dziecka

Separation Anxiety in Children as the Most Common Disorder Co-Occurring with School Refusal

Anxiety disorders form a part of the most common health disorders existing at the evolutional age. School refusal could be defined as a difficulty in attending school associated with emotional distress, especially anxiety and depression. Separation anxiety can be a meaningful factor of school attendance reluctance. Children suffering from separation anxiety usually experience unrealistic fear of being separated from their meaningful persons. The squeals of childhood anxiety disorders include social, family, and academic impairments. Anxiety separation disorders disrupt the normal psychosocial development of a child.Zaburzenia lękowe należą do najczęściej spotykanych zaburzeń wieku rozwojowego. Unikanie szkoły można zdefiniować jako trudności w uczęszczaniu do szkoły związane z emocjonalnymi zaburzeniami, szczególnie lękowymi i depre-syjnymi. Lęk separacyjny jest głównym podło-żem odmowy chodzenia do szkoły. Dzieciom cierpiącym z powodu lęku separacyjnego towarzyszy nierealistyczny strach przed oddzieleniem od bliskiej osoby. Następstwem zaburzeń lękowych u dzieci jest obniżone funkcjonowanie społeczne, rodzinne i gorsze wykształcenie. Lęk separacyjny upośledza prawidłowy rozwój psychospołeczny dziecka

The Impact of Serum Protein Adsorption on PEGylated NT3–BDNF Nanoparticles—Distribution, Protein Release, and Cytotoxicity in a Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cell Model

The adsorption of biomolecules on nanoparticles’ surface ultimately depends on the intermolecular forces, which dictate the mutual interaction transforming their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Therefore, a better understanding of the adsorption of serum proteins and their impact on nanoparticle physicochemical properties is of utmost importance for developing nanoparticle-based therapies. We investigated the interactions between potentially therapeutic proteins, neurotrophin 3 (NT3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), in a cell-free system and a retinal pigmented epithelium cell line (ARPE-19). The variance in the physicochemical properties of PEGylated NT3–BDNF nanoparticles (NPs) in serum-abundant and serum-free systems was studied using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, multi-angle dynamic, and electrophoretic light scattering. Next, we compared the cellular response of ARPE-19 cells after exposure to PEGylated NT3–BDNF NPs in either a serum-free or complex serum environment by investigating protein release and cell cytotoxicity using ultracentrifuge, fluorescence spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy. After serum exposure, the decrease in the aggregation of PEGylated NT3–BDNF NPs was accompanied by increased cell viability and BDNF/NT3 in vitro release. In contrast, in a serum-free environment, the appearance of positively charged NPs with hydrodynamic diameters up to 900 nm correlated with higher cytotoxicity and limited BDNF/NT3 release into the cell culture media. This work provides new insights into the role of protein corona when considering the PEGylated nano–bio interface with implications for cytotoxicity, NPs’ distribution, and BDNF and NT3 release profiles in the in vitro setting

Composites of Open-Cell Viscoelastic Foams with Blackcurrant Pomace

Taking into account the circular economy guidelines and results of life cycle analyses of various materials, it was proposed to use a blackcurrant pomace filler in the production process of viscoelastic polyurethane (PUR) foams intended for application as mattresses, pillows, or elements for orthopedics. Open-cell viscoelastic PUR foams containing 10–60 per hundred polyols (php) blackcurrant pomace were prepared. It was found that after introducing the filler to the PUR foam formulation, the speed of the first stage of the foaming process significantly decreases, the maximum temperature achieved during the synthesis drops (by 30 °C for the foam containing 40 php of filler compared to unfilled foam), and the maximum pressure achieved during the synthesis of foam containing 20 php is reduced by approximately 57% compared to the foam without filler. The growth time of the foams increases with increasing the amount of introduced filler; for the foam containing 60 php, the time is extended even by about 24%. The effect of the filler on the physical, morphological, mechanical, and functional performances of PUR foam composites has been analyzed. The use of 60 php as the filler reduced the hardness of the foams by approximately 30% and increased their comfort factor from 3 to 5