Cratering rate on Pluto produced by the inner trans-Neptunian population

Aims. The aim of this work is to obtain the cratering rate on Pluto and to estimate the size distribution of the population in the inner trans-Neptunian region. Methods. We find the intrinsic collisional probability and the mean collision velocity for the interaction between Pluto and the projectile population crossing its orbit, using the L7 Synthetic Model from the CFEPS Project. The size distribution of this population is found using the smallest satellite of Pluto, Styx, as a constraint, because it survives the collisional process for the solar system age. Results. We find that the mean intrinsic collisional probability and mean collision velocity between Pluto and the projectile population are (Pi) = 1.3098 × 10-22 km-2 yr-1 and (Vcol) = 2.005 ± 0.822 km s-1. If the projectile sample is separated between Plutinos and non-Plutinos and the intrinsic collisional probability of these sub-populations are taken into account, we find a ratio of approximately 20:1 in favor of non-Plutinos resulting in the greatest contribution to the cratering rate on Pluto. The projectile population for the inner trans-Neptunian belt is characterized using a double power-law mean-size distribution with exponents qA = 3.5 and qB = 5.14 for the small and large size end of the population, respectively, and break radius at rb = 11.86 km or 7.25 km for mean densities of the projectiles ρ1 = 1.85 g cm-3 and ρ2 = 1 g cm-3. With this mean-size distribution we find that an object with radius of ~28 km produces a crater in Pluto with a diameter of ~250 km in a time larger than the solar system age, indicating that this kind of large structure has a very low probability of occurrence.Fil: Calandra, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan | Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan | Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan | Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan | Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Argentin

THE CARTOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE AT THE HEART OF THE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESS IN THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL

A partire dall’idea che la carta geografica rappresenta una espressione del controllo cognitivo e simbolico della realtà, è possibile ridefinire le caratteristiche della carta geografica da mettere in evidenza e/o da far emergere nel processo di apprendimento in cartografia nella Scuola Primaria e Secondaria. Nella prospettiva di problematizzare l’approccio alla carta, due obiettivi diventano centrali: 1) capire il funzionamento della carta, ossia il meccanismo attraverso il quale i luoghi denominati (astratti, immaginari e concreti) diventano segni della carta; 2) riconoscere il processo di interazione tra i segni attraverso il quale la carta elabora e comunica informazioni. Le potenzialità applicative dell’approccio proposto sono illustrate in alcuni esempi di schede e attività didattiche.From the idea that a map is an extension of man’s cognitive and symbolic control over reality, it is possible to redefine those map characteristics which need to be highlighted and/or made more explicit in teaching cartography at Primary and Secondary School levels. Regarding the problematization of the learning process, two educational aims play a central role: 1) understanding how the map works, that is, how the place names – abstract, imaginary and concrete – become map signs; 2) recognizing the interactional dynamics among the signs, through which a map elaborates and conveys information. The applicative potentiality of the proposed approach is illustrated with some examples of didactic papers and activities

CARTOGRAPHY, TOURISM AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE ATLAS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN AFRICA

L’Atlante del turismo sostenibile in Africa rappresenta l’applicazione concreta ad un contesto fisico- spaziale e territoriale determinato, del modello geografico generale della sostenibilità turistica. In questa, a partire dall’idea di turismo come processo di iconizzazione territoriale, due componenti giocano un ruolo centrale: 1) la risorsa turistica, intesa come risultato di un’interazione a più livelli tra elementi attrattivi, mete e pratiche turistiche; 2) la relazione turismo-sostenibilità, che si realizza all’interfaccia tra meta turistica e pratiche turistiche. La struttura complessiva dell’Atlante, così come i contenuti e alcuni argomenti sviluppati nelle singole tavole, derivano proprio dall’applicazione del modello generale.The Atlas of Sustainable Tourism in Africa represents a concrete application of the geographic model of tourism sustainability. From the idea of tourism as a process of territorial iconisation, two elements play a central role for a tourism sustainability: 1) the tourism resource, understanding as the result of a multi-level interaction among attraction elements, tourist destinations and practices; 2) the relationship tourism-sustainability, played out on the interface between tourist destination and tourism practices. The structure, the contents and some topics developed in the Atlas, derive exactly from the application of the general model

NATURE, TERRITORY AND ENVIRONMENT IN LANDSCAPE CONCERN: THE ROLE OF CARTOGRAPHY IN THE PLANNING INSTRUMENTS

Negli ultimi decenni si è registrato a livello politico e istituzionale europeo una importante evoluzione in materia di paesaggio, che trova riscontro nel testo della Convenzione europea del Paesaggio. Ma tale evoluzione in Italia non ha comportato un significativo adeguamento teorico e metodologico degli strumenti di pianificazione territoriale e paesistica, soprattutto rispetto al ruolo della cartografia in seno a tali strumenti e per la governance territoriale. Al fine di contribuire ad una riflessione critica sul ruolo della carta geografica nel discorso pianificatorio, ci si propone, dunque, di problematizzare il rapporto tra paesaggio e cartografia.In the last decades, considerable political and institutional progress has been made in Europe concerning landscape, as reflected in the European Landscape Convention. In Italy, however, this development has not corresponded to a very significant theoretical and methodological innovation in terms of instruments for territorial and landscape planning, and to a redefinition of the role of cartography as an instrument for landscape planning and territorial governance. The present article is intended as a critical contribution to the discussion on the relationship between cartography and landscape

La Biblioteca Speleo della Società Alpina delle Giulie – Commissione Grotte, Eugenio Boegan, Trieste

Gli Autori presentano una breve panoramica della struttura e consistenza della biblioteca della Commissione Grotte della Società Alpina delle Giulie, formata da circa un migliaio di monografie, quasi 500 periodici, manuali, guide, atti di convegni ecc. A questa fanno seguire le linee guida sugli sviluppi futuri della stessa, con particolare riguardo alle possibilità fornite dall’informatica.The authors present an overview of the structure of the library of the CGEB (Società Alpina delle Giulie), formed nearly a thousand monographs, 500 between periodicals, manuals, guides, conference proceedings, etc. Follow the guide lines on future developments of the same library, with particular regard to the possibilities provided by information technology

CPM model applied to turbulent event detections

The present work shows the application of a change-point model (CPM), based on the Cramer von Mises test for turbulent structures detection in airflow. Specifically, it models the occurrence of vortices in the wake of an airfoil having a flow control device in its trailing edge. It seeks to compare the results obtained with conventional statistical methodologies employed in this type of analysis and the application of a change-point model. The main objective is to detect the characteristic frequencies of the turbulent structures immersed in the airflow. The results show good response of the CPM methodology in the analysis of these flows, comparatively we observed the same values obtained by the methods mentioned above. This work shows a new application of change-point models for detecting changes in a time-dependent random signal which has an unknown distribution a priori.Fil: Marañon Di Leo, Julio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Calandra, Maria Valeria. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Uidet Grupo de Ensayos Mecanicos Aplicados.; ArgentinaFil: Delnero, Juan Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Autonomic nervous system and lipid metabolism: findings in anxious-depressive spectrum and eating disorders

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To correlate lipid metabolism and autonomic dysfunction with anxious-depressive spectrum and eating disorders. To propose the <it>lipid index </it>(LI) as a new possible biomarker.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>95 patients and 60 controls were enrolled from the University Psychiatry Unit of Catania and from general practitioners (GPs). The patients were divided into four pathological groups: Anxiety, Depression, Anxious-Depressive Disorder and Eating Disorders [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) official/appendix criteria]. The levels of the cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoproteins A and B were determined. The LI, for each subject, was obtained through a mathematical operation on the values of the cholesterol and triglycerides levels compared with the maximum cut-off of the general population. The autonomic functioning was tested with Ewing battery tests. Particularly, the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) and lipid metabolism has been investigated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pathological and control groups, compared among each other, presented some peculiarities in the lipid metabolism and the autonomic dysfunction scores. In addition, a statistically significant correlation has been found between HRV and lipid metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Lipid metabolism and autonomic functioning seem to be related to the discussed psychiatric disorders. LI, in addition, could represent a new possible biomarker to be considered.</p

Stochastic algorithms applied to vortex detections in turbulent flow (Part I)

The need to establish the downwind fluid dynamic field of aerodynamic bodies subjected to a givenvelocity field is well known, to verify their specific aerodynamic characteristics and therefore their efficiency. In this context, different techniques allow us to establish the characteristics of the field, on the one hand, visualizations, which define the qualitative characteristics of it, but it is almost always necessary to carry out quantitative determinations to describe the field correctly, particularly when the field is made up of turbulent wakes, characteristic of aerodynamic bodies under extreme operating conditions. In this sense, in the experimental field and for the definition of the turbulent flow field, it is common to use hot-wire anemometry techniques, which have great capabilities to quantify high-frequency events. Previous work has analysed the determination of changes in hot-wire anemometry signals for the detection of events in turbulent flows with different models, based on numerical algorithms, for the determination of change points (CPM - Change PointModel). The results obtained have shown agreement with conventional methodologies used for thedetermination of turbulent flow characteristics. The present work aims to compare the results obtained previously with the application of new CPM models developed in recent years. Previously applied and evaluated measurements are used, the implementation of the new models is carried out and the results are compared. All the algorithms used can detect changes in data that do not have a known distribution, i.e. non-parametric distributions, which are typical for turbulent flow field signals. The evaluation of measurement signals based on hot-wire anemometry is performed, considering measurements of the fluctuating components of the wind tunnel velocity at a specific point. The signals used correspond to periodic detachments downstream of a flow controldevice (Gurney mini-flap) at the trailing edge of an airfoil. In this way, the determination and characterization of vortices of different types is sought, to validate the different results obtained. The results show which are the best models to use for the experimental detection of such turbulent events in the flow field. These is the first approximation to the evaluation of the complete measurement with different arrange of the mini-flaps, in this case only for the static one.Fil: Marañon Di Leo, Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Calandra, Maria Valeria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Delnero, Juan Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentin