Push-out bond strength and marginal adaptation of apical plugs with bioactive endodontic cements in simulated immature teeth

Objectives: This study evaluates the bond strength and marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP and Biodentine used as apical plugs; MTA was used as reference material for comparison. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 single-rooted teeth with standardized, artificially created open apices were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 per group), according to the material used to form 6-mm-thick apical plugs: group 1 (MTA Repair HP); group 2 (Biodentine); and group 3 (white MTA). Subsequently, the specimens were transversely sectioned to obtain 2 (cervical and apical) 2.5-mm-thick slices per root. Epoxy resin replicas were observed under a scanning electron microscope to measure the gap size at the material/dentin interface (the largest and smaller gaps were recorded for each replica). The bond strength of the investigated materials to dentin was determined using the push-out test. The variable bond strengths and gap sizes were evaluated independently at the apical and cervical root dentin slices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The comparison between the groups regarding the variables' bond strengths and gap sizes showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) except for a single difference in the smallest gap at the cervical root dentin slice, which was higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The bond strength and marginal adaptation to root canal walls of MTA HP and Biodentine cement were comparable to white MTA

[do Elderly Individuals With A Cognitive Handicap Have Worse Oral Health?].

A comparison of the oral health of elderly people with and without a cognitive handicap was assessed. The cognitive condition, the indices of decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), decayed, filled roots (DFR), the need for dental treatment, the presence of plaque (P), calculus (C), the community periodontal index (CPI), the rate of periodontal attachment loss (PAL), edentulism, prosthetic use and the need for prosthetics were evaluated in a complex probabilistic sample by conglomerates of the elderly (65-74 years). PASW(r) 17.0 was used for the statistical analyses with correction for the design effect, applying the Mann Whitney and chi-square test with 95% reliability. A total of 736 elderly individuals were interviewed and examined. Those with cognitive impairment had higher average DMFT, DFR and lower average healthy sextant CPI, a lower prevalence of sextants without plaque/calculus, use of prosthetics and higher prevalence of edentulism and need for prosthetics. Elderly individuals with a cognitive handicap had poorer oral health.193417-2

Dificuldades de aprendizagem: um estudo de caso na Escola Municipal Osvaldino José de Sousa / Learning difficulties: a case study at the Municipal School Osvaldino José de Sousa

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar criticamente o processo de aprendizagem e a qualidade do ensino, de forma que contribua com um planejamento adequado para o aprendizado do discente. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada na Escola Municipal Osvaldino José de Sousa, com duas professoras do ensino Fundamental, efetuado por meio de um questionário com questões fechadas. Procurou-se identificar as possíveis limitações das professoras nas metodologias do ensinar os conteúdos programáticos. Com intuito de fundamentar a pesquisa, procurou-se desenvolver uma pesquisa bibliográfica com respaldo teórico para encontrar possíveis respostas nas hipóteses. Desta forma, entende-se que a pesquisa venha contribuir de maneira positiva para as professoras que se preocupam com o desempenho na educação das crianças. Este trabalho traz uma reflexão sobre os aspectos referentes aos problemas de aprendizagem como o desafio de repensar a prática pedagógica dos professores, inscrevendo a possibilidade de novas metodologias. Considerando que a preocupação com a qualidade do ensino e a formação dos professores tem crescido bastante nas últimas décadas, devido os resultados obtidos nas avaliações internas e externas realizadas nas escolas, ficou claro que as dificuldades de aprendizagem são causadas por diversos fatores, entretanto, entende-se que as crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem poderiam seguir sem maiores conflitos desde que encontrassem um ambiente de sala de aula organizada para tal situação e professores com vivências de superação de suas limitações

Greater access to information on how to prevent oral cancer among elderly using primary health care

Na promoção de saúde, as ações educativas são prioridade na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Evidencia-se a eficácia dessas ações na adesão a comportamentos saudáveis e na redução nas taxas de morbimortalidade por câncer bucal. Objetivou-se identificar se o acesso a informações sobre como prevenir o câncer bucal é maior entre idosos residentes em domicílios cadastrados na ESF. Utilizou-se o SPSS® na obtenção de estimativas corrigidas pelo efeito do desenho amostral, considerando as magnitudes das associações do acesso a tais informações com os determinantes pessoais, uso dos serviços/custos com a saúde, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e desfechos da saúde. Dentre os 492 idosos, 58,9% relataram ter tido acesso a tais informações. Verificaramse maiores chances de acesso entre residentes em domicílios cadastrados na ESF; com maior renda per capita (2,01/1,18-3,43); não tabagistas (2,00/1,16-3,46); que realizaram autoexame bucal (6,35/3,46-11,64); e que não autoperceberam incômodo na boca, cabeça ou pescoço (2,06/1,024,17). O acesso foi maior entre os residentes em domicílios cadastrados na ESF. Determinantes pessoais, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e desfechos de saúde sofrem influência ou influenciam a oferta e o acesso a essas informações.20722392253CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS - FAPEMIGSem informaçãoSem informaçãoEducative actions are an important component of health promotion in Brazil's primary healthcare program, the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The efficacy of these actions is evidenced by compliance with healthy behaviors and in the reduction of rates of mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to identify whether access to information regarding the prevention of oral cancer is greater among elders whose residences are registered with the FHS. SPSS® was utilized to obtain estimates that were corrected for sample design, considering the magnitude of the associations between access to such information with personal determinants, the use and cost of healthcare, health-related behaviors and health outcomes. 58.9% of the 492 participating elders reported having access to such information. We verified that there was a greater chance for access among residents of houses registered by the FHS; those with greater per capita income (2.01/1.183.43); non-smokers (2.00/1.16-3.46); those that realized oral self-examination (6.35/3.46-11.64); and those that did not perceive discomfort in the mouth, head or neck (2.06/1.02-4.17). Access was greater among residents of homes registered by the FHS. Personal determinants of health, health-related behaviors and health outcomes are influenced or influence access to information regarding the prevention and management of oral diseases

Uso de características fisiológicas na identificação de genótipos de café arábica tolerantes ao Meloidogyne Paranaensis

This work aimed to evaluate on use of physiological traits to identify genotypes of arabic coffee tolerant to Meloidogyne paranaensis when cropped in areas subjected to water deficits. The experiment was performed in field conditions with two genotypes: 16(MG 0179-1R1) and 28(0179-3 MGR1) and two cultivars: IPR-100 (resistant control) and Mundo Novo IAC379-19 (susceptible control) in a randomized block design with five replicates. The evaluated characteristics were: nematode population at the root, production, crown diameter, plant height, vegetative vigor, predawn leaf water potential (ψam), net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), leaf temperature (TF), water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Genotypes 16, 28 and IPR100 showed higher vegetative growth and higher production than cv. Mundo Novo, especially the genotype 28. The leaf water potential was higher in genotypes16, 28 and IPR-100 compared to cv. Mundo Novo. However, the genotypes showed no differences in gas exchanges. According to the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, genotype 28 showed better photochemical performance and acclimation to water deficit. The physiological characteristics identify tolerant genotypes to Meloidogyne paranaensis when cropped in areas subjected to water deficits, especially for the analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence, since it can be used in large-scale assessments.Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de características fisiológicas, na identificação de genótipos tolerantes ao Meloidogyne paranaensis, em áreas sujeitas ao déficit hídrico.  O experimento foi instalado com dois genótipos de Coffea arabica L.: 16 (MG 0179-1 R1) e 28 (MG 0179-3 R1) e duas cultivares: IPR-100 (testemunha resistente) e Mundo Novo IAC 379-19 (testemunha suscetível), em delineamento de blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados a população de M. paranaenses, produção, o diâmetro de copa, altura de planta, vigor vegetativo, potencial hídrico antemanhã (ψam), a fotossíntese líquida (A), a condutância estomática (gs), transpiração (E), temperatura foliar (TF) e eficiência do uso da água (EUA) e parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a. Os genótipos 16, 28 e IPR100 apresentaram maior desenvolvimento vegetativo e maior produção do que o genótipo Mundo Novo, com destaque para o genótipo 28. Verificou-se maior potencial hídrico nos genótipos 16, 28 e IPR-100 comparados à cv. Mundo Novo. Entretanto, os genótipos não apresentaram diferenças quanto às trocas gasosas. De acordo com os parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a, o genótipo 28 apresentou melhor desempenho fotoquímico e capacidade de aclimatação ao déficit hídrico. Pelas características fisiológicas identificam-se genótipos tolerantes ao Meloidogyne paranaensis, em áreas sujeitas ao déficit hídrico, com destaque para a análise de fluorescência da clorofila a que apresenta potencial para avaliações em larga escala

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions