Using Criminal Punishment to Serve Both Victim and Social Needs

In recent decades, the criminal-justice pendulum has swung to the opposite extreme. Criminal law is often described as covering disputes between the offender and the state. Victims are not direct parties to criminal proceedings, they have no formal right to either initiate or terminate a criminal action, and they have no control over the punishment meted out to offenders. In this state-centric system, victim needs have been left unsatisfied, giving rise to a politically powerful victims\u27 rights movement that has had success in giving victims rights of access to prosecutors and rights to be heard in the courtroom. Here, O\u27Hara and Robbins propose changing the manner in which control rights over criminal sanctions are distributed

Absorption Time of the Moran Process

The Moran process models the spread of mutations in populations on graphs. We investigate the absorption time of the process, which is the time taken for a mutation introduced at a randomly chosen vertex to either spread to the whole population, or to become extinct. It is known that the expected absorption time for an advantageous mutation is O(n^4) on an n-vertex undirected graph, which allows the behaviour of the process on undirected graphs to be analysed using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We show that this does not extend to directed graphs by exhibiting an infinite family of directed graphs for which the expected absorption time is exponential in the number of vertices. However, for regular directed graphs, we show that the expected absorption time is Omega(n log n) and O(n^2). We exhibit families of graphs matching these bounds and give improved bounds for other families of graphs, based on isoperimetric number. Our results are obtained via stochastic dominations which we demonstrate by establishing a coupling in a related continuous-time model. The coupling also implies several natural domination results regarding the fixation probability of the original (discrete-time) process, resolving a conjecture of Shakarian, Roos and Johnson.Comment: minor change

Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of a turbulent swirling self-excited premixed flame

Thermoacoustic oscillations constitute a serious threat to the integrity of combustion systems. The goal of the present work is to determine the effect of the equivalence ratio (φ), inlet flow velocity (U), and burner geometry on the characteristics of the self-excited oscillations and to reveal the dominant mechanisms. It also focuses on the data post-processing aiming at extracting information about the dynamics that are not captured through classical ensemble-averaging, and hence the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition technique is used. Experiments were conducted with a fully-premixed air/methane flame stabilized on a conical bluff body. Self-excited acoustic instabilities were induced by extending the length of the combustion chamber downstream of the bluff body. The flame was visualised using OH* chemiluminescence and OH PLIF at 5 kHz. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Fast Fourier Transform analysis were conducted on the imaging data. A strong effect of the chamber length was found, which primarily drove the generation of acoustic oscillation and flame-vortex interaction. Significant differences in the flame roll-up were found when either the burner geometry or the equivalence ratio was altered. Changes were detected in the frequency of oscillations, which showed a general trend to increase with φ and U and decrease with the length of the duct. Analysis of the POD modes allowed an estimate of the convection speed of the flame structures associated with the dominant frequency and it was found that this convection speed was about 1.5 U for most conditions studied

Betonikuorielementtirakentamisen ja betonisandwich-elementtirakentamisen vertailu

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli vertailla kahta eri julkisivunrakentamistapaa. Vertailtavina julkisivurakennustapoina toimi betonikuorielementtirakentaminen sekä betonisandwich-elementtirakentaminen. Betonikuorielementtirakentamisella tarkoitetaan tässä opinnäytetyössä rakennustapaa, jossa julkisivuseinä toteutetaan betonisista kuorielementeistä, paikalla rakennetusta lämmöneristyksestä sekä paikalla rakennetusta muurauksesta. Betonikuorielementillä tarkoitetaan tehdasolosuhteissa valettua betonielementtiä, joka asennetaan työmaalla. Betonisandwich-elementtirakentamisella tarkoitetaan julkisivun rakentamistapaa, jossa betonikuorielementti, lämmöneristys sekä muuraus on rakennettu tehdasolosuhteissa yhdeksi valmiiksi elementiksi, joka asennetaan työmaalla. Betonisandwich-elementtirakentamiseen kuuluu elementtien asentamisen lisäksi myös betonisandwich-elementtien saumaus. Betonikuorielementtirakentamista sekä betonisandwich-elementtirakentamista keskityttiin vertailemaan rakentamisen, kustannusten, aikataulun, kosteudenhallinnan ja työturvallisuuden kautta. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajayrityksenä toimi Lemminkäinen Talo Oy. Opinnäytetyössä esimerkkikohteina toimi kaksi Lemminkäinen Talo Oy:n asuinkerrostaloa. Betonikuorielementtirakentamisen esimerkkikohteena toimi As Oy Porin Aurinkopurje. Betonisandwich-elementtirakentamisen esimerkkikohteena toimi Koy Harjavallan Vuokratalo. Esimerkkikohteiden tietoja käytettiin opinnäytetyön kustannusvertailuihin. Opinnäytetyön tekemiseen haettiin tietoa myös kirjallisuudesta, verkkolähteistä sekä haastatteluista. Opinnäytetyön tekemisessä hyödynnettiin myös opinnäytetyön tekijän aikaisempia kokemuksia betonikerrostalorakennustyömaista. Opinnäytetyön tulokseksi saatiin, että betonikuorielementtirakentaminen on materiaalikustannuksiltaan taloudellisempi. Betonisandwich-elementtirakentaminen on kuitenkin kokonaishinnaltaan edullisempi sen pienempien työkustannuksien ansiosta. Pienempiin työkustannuksiin vaikuttaa betonisandwich-elementtien nopea asennus. Betonisandwich-elementtirakentaminen on työturvallisempi tapa rakentaa. Molemmissa julkisivurakennustavoissa on kosteudenhallinta ongelmansa. Jokainen rakennustyömaa on kuitenkin erilainen, joten tulokset ovat suuntaa antavia.The purpose of this thesis was to compare two alternatives in building a facade. Comparison was between building with concrete thin-shell panels and building with concrete sandwich panels. Building with concrete thin-shell panels means that builders use wall panels which are casted in a concrete prefabrication factory. Building with concrete thin-shell panels means thermal insulation and faced brickwork are built at the construction site to the top of the thin-shell panels. Building with concrete sandwich panels means that builders use facade elements that are completely made in a concrete prefabrication factory. Concrete sandwich panels consist of concrete thin-shell panel, thermal insulation and face work for example masonry. Builders only have to install the sandwich panels and seam the panels. In this thesis the comparison of these two alternatives is concentrated on construction, expenses, schedules, moisture control and work safety. This thesis was made for Lemminkäinen Talo Oy. Two Lemminkäinen Talo Oy`s residential constructions named As Oy Porin Aurinkopurje and Koy Harjavallan Vuokratalo were used as an example in comparison of expenses. As Oy Porin Aurinkopurje was an example of building with concrete thin-shell panels and Koy Harjavallan Vuokratalo was an example of building with concrete sandwich panels. Information to this thesis was also searched from literature, from the Internet and from interviews. The outcome of this thesis was that building with concrete thin-shell panels are more cost-efficiency in material expenses. However building with concrete sandwich panels is more inexpensive in total costs because it is rapid and there are fewer stages. Building with concrete sandwich panels is better in safety at work. Both of these ways of building have their own difficulties in moisture control. All the construction sites are different so results are suggestive.Salainen liiteos

Associated factors of hope in cancer patients during treatment : a systematic literature review

Aim: To identify the associated factors of hope during treatment in cancer patients. Background: Hope is very important to cancer patients at all stages of the disease process. Hope is seen as an important coping mechanism. Most research about hope in cancer patients considered the end of life or in palliative care. Several and different factors are associated with hope. It is not yet sufficiently clear which factors are associated with hope during the treatment. Design: A systematic literature review of quantitative empirical studies on hope in cancer patients during treatment. Data Sources: Search in MEDLINE (PubMed interface), CINAHL (EBSCO interface), Psychinfo and Cochrane (January 2009-December 2018). Review Methods: Empirical quantitative studies were included regardless of the disease stage, written in English or Dutch, measuring hope from the perspective of cancer patients. Two authors independently screened all the studies and assessed their quality. Results: Thirty-three studies were included. Positive relationship has been established between hope and quality of life, social support, spiritual and existential well-being. Hope appears to be negatively associated with symptom burden, psychological distress and depression. There appears to be no relationship between hope and demographic and clinical variables. The relationship between anxiety and hope remains unclear. Conclusions: Hope primarily seems to be a process that takes place in a person's inner being rather than being determined from outside. Impact: Health professionals may want to focus on the meaning of hope for cancer patients in relation to the associated factors. A better understanding of the meaning of hope during treatment can be of great value in supporting cancer patients with regard to treatment decisions, psychosocial support, the experienced quality of life and symptom burden and any wishes they may have with regard to advanced care planning

Parts We Didn't Know We Had

Deals with topics in contemporary American motherhood

Using tablets to support self-regulated learning in a longitudinal integrated clerkship.

The need to train physicians committed to learning throughout their careers has prompted medical schools to encourage the development and practice of self-regulated learning by students. Longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) require students to exercise self-regulated learning skills. As mobile tools, tablets can potentially support self-regulation among LIC students.We provided 15 LIC students with tablet computers with access to the electronic health record (EHR), to track their patient cohort, and a multiplatform online notebook, to support documentation and retrieval of self-identified clinical learning issues. Students received a 1-hour workshop on the relevant features of the tablet and online notebook. Two focus groups with the students were used to evaluate the program, one early and one late in the year and were coded by two raters.Students used the tablet to support their self-regulated learning in ways that were unique to their learning styles and increased access to resources and utilization of down-time. Students who used the tablet to self-monitor and target learning demonstrated the utility of tablets as learning tools.LICs are environments rich in opportunity for self-regulated learning. Tablets can enhance students' ability to develop and employ self-regulatory skills in a clinical context

Interactive Storybook Reading through Preschool Collaborations to Improve Literacy and Academic Readiness

Early exposure to language-rich environments, including early exposure to literacy, has been linked to academic success. Participating in shared storybook reading with children before they enter elementary school yields lasting results throughout their education. However, for some toddlers are not provided adequate exposure to language-literacy experiences they are at-risk for language-literacy deficits. For these children, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and preschool teachers can work together to support emergent and early literacy skills. Using a multilinguistic structured approach in reading intervention has been documented effective for children who. exhibit difficulty learning to read. This approach includes simultaneous delivery of multiple linguistic skills (i.e., phonemic awareness, letter-sound correspondences, orthographic representations, meaningful units, word order, and word meaning). However, limited research exists to support an educationally collaborative service delivery model using a structured literacy approach for students’ emergent literacy skills in a classroom-based environment. Members of the Promoting Language Literacy Acquisition-Interaction in Youth (PLLAY) Lab will participate in a collaborative project with local preschool teachers through the Bringing Early Awareness to Reading: Collaboration Using Books and Stories (BEAR CUBS) training program. PLLAY Lab members will work collaboratively with two preschool teachers to model and provide feedback during shared storybook reading using a structured literacy approach for 6 weeks. A single-subject research design will be used for two dependent variables: teacher facilitation of shared storybook reading and student interaction with the teacher and storybook. We will draw conclusions about the benefits of collaborative practice between SLPs and preschool teachers on toddlers’ language development and storybook interaction following the BEAR CUB training program. These conclusions can inform future collaborative practices between SLPs and preschool teachers to deliver the most effective shared storybook experiences to yield greater use of multiple linguistic skills to better prepare at-risk toddlers for academic readiness

NINETEENTH- AND TWENTIETH-CENTURY MUSICAL ADAPTATIONS OF DANTE’S ‘COMMEDIA’: ‘DANTE’S GREATEST HITS’

Composers through the centuries have tried to depict Dante’s Commedia in music, using Dante’s verses, characters, and design for Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven, and their compositions. This paper looks at some of the trends in musical adaptations of the Commedia and also some of the “greatest hits”—in the author’s opinion. Works by James Norton, Patric Standford, Jacob ter Veldhuis, David Denniston, Franz Liszt, Donald Martino, Tod Machover, Anita Saij, Allik and Mulder, and Theodore Wiprud are discussed

WORKING AT THE WATER\u27S EDGE: Reconnecting the people of Charleston with the Water

Water is a chemical compound fundamental to life. When many people first think of water, it is the water used for everyday activities and drinking that may come to mind. What is frequently overlooked is the fact that 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water and 96.5% of Earth’s water is found in oceans and seas (U.S. Geological Survey). What may not be as clear is the importance of these bodies of water to the surrounding towns and cities. Since it’s founding in 1670, Charleston, South Carolina has always had a strong relationship with the water. One could call Charleston an aquatic project. The city is located in southeastern South Carolina, on a peninsula between the Cooper River and the Ashley River. You cannot find yourself getting far in or around Charleston without crossing over a body of water. Although the proximity of water has not always been a pleasant situation for Charleston with the Civil War, hurricanes, and ever changing water levels, it has helped shape the city to what it is today. This project is focused on bringing back Charleston’s connection with the water. With modern technology and innovations, locals and tourists have seemed to lose touch with the water on an everyday basis. The design of a multi-use ferryboat terminal and maritime center located at the end of one of the most popular streets in the downtown area is going to reconnect both the locals and tourists of Charleston back with the water both visually and spatially. The city has acknowledged the problems with the end of Market Street and is looking to Cooper, Robinson & Partners to work with the South Carolina State Ports Authority to redevelop this area. The major aspect of Cooper, Robinson & Partners proposal is the newly designed cruise ship terminal and it’s new location. I have chosen to take some aspects of this proposal into consideration and to take advantage of the newly created view corridor down Market Street. With details such as “eco-parks”, restoration of the natural shoreline, interactive pedestrian bridges, viewing towers, and ferry boat routes, my design will bring back the industrial, historic character of Union Pier Terminal while creating opportunities for locals and visitors to experience something not yet found in Charleston, South Carolina