63 research outputs found
Understanding Technology Fit Among People with HIV Based on Intersections of Race, Sex, and Sexual Behavior: An Equitable Approach to Analyzing Differences Across Multiple Social Identities
HIV disproportionately impacts individuals based on intersecting categories (e.g. gender, race/ethnicity, behavior), with groups most at-risk deemed priority populations. Using weighted effects coding to account for differential group sizes, this study used multilevel mixed logistic models to investigate differences in eHealth use and willingness to use eHealth for HIVrelated information among priority populations. Compared to the sample average, Black men who had sex with women were less likely to use all technologies except cellphones with text-messaging and less likely to be willing to use computers and tablets. White and Hispanic men who had sex with men were more likely to use all technologies. No significant differences existed for use or willingness to use cellphones with text-messaging. Future research should consider approaches used here to account for equity and multiple intersecting social identities; practitioners may use these findings or similar local data to ensure fit between eHealth programs and priority populations
Modesty and Security: Attributes Associated with Comfort and Willingness to Engage in Telelactation
The objectives were to identify conditions under which mothers may be willing to use telelactation and explore associations between participant characteristics, willingness, and beliefs regarding telelactation use. Mothers 2–8 weeks postpartum were recruited from two Florida maternal care sites and surveyed to assess demographics, breastfeeding initiation, and potential telelactation use. Analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Of the 88 participants, most were white, married, earned less than USD 50,000 per year, had access to technology, and were willing to use telelactation if it was free (80.7%) or over a secure server (63.6%). Fifty-six percent were willing to use telelactation if it involved feeding the baby without a cover, but only 45.5% were willing if their nipples may be seen. Those with higher odds of willingness to use telelactation under these modesty conditions were experienced using videochat, white, married, and of higher income. Mothers with security concerns had six times the odds of being uncomfortable with telelactation compared to mothers without concerns. While telelactation can improve access to critical services, willingness to use telelactation may depend on conditions of use and sociodemographics. During the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, these findings offer important insights for lactation professionals implementing virtual consultation
Intuitive control of rolling sound synthesis
International audienceThis paper presents a rolling sound synthesis model which can be intuitively controlled. To propose this model, different aspects of the rolling phenomenon are explored : physical modeling, perceptual attributes and signal morphology. A source-filter model for rolling sounds synthesis is presented with associated intuitive controls
Multiple Measures Reveal Antiretroviral Adherence Successes and Challenges in HIV-Infected Ugandan Children
Background: Adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children in developing settings is poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: To understand the level, distribution, and correlates of ART adherence behavior, we prospectively determined monthly ART adherence through multiple measures and six-monthly HIV RNA levels among 121 Ugandan children aged 2–10 years for one year. Median adherence levels were 100% by three-day recall, 97.4% by 30-day visual analog scale, 97.3% by unannounced pill count/liquid formulation weights, and 96.3% by medication event monitors (MEMS). Interruptions in MEMS adherence of 48 hours were seen in 57.0% of children; 36.3% had detectable HIV RNA at one year. Only MEMS correlated significantly with HIV RNA levels (r = −0.25, p = 0.04). Multivariable regression found the following to be associated with <90% MEMS adherence: hospitalization of child (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–5.5; p = 0.001), liquid formulation use (AOR 1.4, 95%CI 1.0–2.0; p = 0.04), and caregiver’s alcohol use (AOR 3.1, 95%CI 1.8–5.2; p<0.0001). Child’s use of co-trimoxazole (AOR 0.5, 95%CI 0.4–0.9; p = 0.009), caregiver’s use of ART (AOR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4–0.9; p = 0.03), possible caregiver depression (AOR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4–0.8; p = 0.001), and caregiver feeling ashamed of child’s HIV status (AOR 0.5, 95%CI 0.3–0.6; p<0.0001) were protective against <90% MEMS adherence. Change in drug manufacturer (AOR 4.1, 95%CI 1.5–11.5; p = 0.009) and caregiver’s alcohol use (AOR 5.5, 95%CI 2.8–10.7; p<0.0001) were associated with 48-hour interruptions by MEMS, while second-line ART (AOR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1–0.99; p = 0.049) and increasing assets (AOR 0.7, 95%CI 0.6–0.9; p = 0.0007) were protective against these interruptions. Conclusions/Significance: Adherence success depends on a well-established medication taking routine, including caregiver support and adequate education on medication changes. Caregiver-reported depression and shame may reflect fear of poor outcomes, functioning as motivation for the child to adhere. Further research is needed to better understand and build on these key influential factors for adherence intervention development
Supravital exposure to propidium iodide identifies apoptotic cells in the absence of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation.
Supravital exposure to propidium iodide identifies apoptotic cells in the absenceof nucleosomal DNA fragmentation
By flow cytometry, we have quantitatively evaluated HL-60, MOLT-4, and P815
apoptotic cells induced with camptothecin, staurosporine, and hyperthermia,
respectively. Apoptosis was measured by two different flow cytometry techniques,
using propidium iodide (PI) uptake in permeabilized and nonpermeabilized cells.
Apoptosis also has been analyzed by electron microscopy and DNA cleavage by in
situ nick translation and DNA gel electrophoresis. We demonstrate that supravital
exposure to propidium iodide without prior permeabilization identifies apoptotic
cells, and clearly distinguishes them from necrotic cells in all the cases
examined. This capability is independent of the nucleosomal (180-200 bp)
fragmentation of DNA (which does not take place in MOLT-4 cells), which is the
basis for detection of apoptosis both as a "ladder" by DNA gel electrophoresis
and as a hypodiploid peak by flow cytometry. Therefore, alterations in membrane
permeability, on which PI uptake in living cells is based, allow distinction of
apoptotic cells from necrotic and living cells independently of the heterogeneous
biochemical patterns involved in programmed cell death, which may or may not lead
to DNA oligonucleosomal fragmentation
Cancer of the esophagus - Endoscopic ultrasound: Selection for cure
Several treatment options are available to treat esophageal cancer. Ideally, treatment should be individualized, based on the projected treatment outcome for that individual. Accurate staging of the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis offers the most rational attempt at stratifying patients into categories that can be used to affect treatment choices. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the most accurate nonoperative technique for determining the depth of tumour infiltration and thus is accurate in predicting which patients will be able to undergo complete resection. EUS is also being used for tumour staging in order to guide treatment decisions in patients with esophageal cancer
Anti-BrdUrd labeling of newly synthesized DNA in HL-60 cells triggered to apoptosis.
Apoptosis is an active process that takes place dur-
ing pre- and postnatal life. It can be viewed as the
essential counterpart to cell proliferation, both phe-
nomena being aimed at the maintenance of tissue
and organ homeostasis. Because apoptosis often
takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle, we
describe the spatial and temporal correlation be-
tween DNA synthesis and DNA cleavage taking place
in the same nucleus at the same time as a result of
the action of camptothecin on proliferating HL-60
cells in vitro. The relationship between DNA syn-
thesis and DNA fragmentation was studied at the
single-cell level by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)
incorporation revealed by flow cytometry, electron
microscopy, and confocal microscopy. Most HL-60
cells are triggered to apoptosis during the first hour
of treatment with camptothecin, and only cells in
early-middle S phase are sensitive to the drug effect,
whereas late S phase cells appear insensitive to
camptothecin-induced apoptosis. Our data, there-
fore, reinforce the hypothesis of a DNA strand break
threshold that may exist in the cell, beyond which
the apoptotic program is activated. Moreover, DNA
synthesis activity in the nucleus committed to apop-
tosis is gradually downregulated; after 6 h of camp-
tothecin treatment, virtually no residual DNA repli-
cation activity can be detected in micronuclei. DNA
repair does not appear to be involved in bromode-
oxyuridjne incorporation during the apoptotic pro-
CeSS
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