Antenatal, Place of Birth and Post-natal Related to Breastfeeding Practice among Women in Peri-urban Area, Semarang

Background: Key health issues for women of reproductive age include problems concerning sexuality and reproduction. Sexuality is not merely about sex, but about the right of women to make choices and decisions related to sexual behaviour and practices, relationships, breastfeeding, contraception and abortion. This paper will examines the various health facilities, the services and treatments which are available, in particular those which influence breastfeeding practices. Methods: A combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were used in this research. In the quantitative method, a questionnaire survey was conducted following preliminary analysis of the data collected through focus group discussions (FGDs). The methods employed for qualitative data collection included focus group discussions, informal and in-depth interviews and participant observation. The sample group in the peri-urban area included pregnant women, mothers with babies less than 2 years old, a few husbands and a small number of women of reproductive age. Results: This research found that there were many factors influencing the choice of birth place such as location, costs and the quality of the services provided by nurses, doctors, etc. The women in this area still preferred the services of the dukun bayi for the postnatal treatment. Conclusion: The place where the mother delivers the baby influences their motivation to breastfeed. Although the respondents mentioned that breastfeeding is a good practice for feeding baby, however, they lack of knowledge about breastfeeding. This condition is closely related to poor counselling about breastfeeding

The effect of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on bovine embryo development in vitro : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in Animal Science at Massey University

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) either during in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) on bovine embryo development. Three main experiments were conducted using oocytes aspirated from 2-8 mm diameter follicles collected from cows slaughtered at local abattoirs, Hamilton. The oocytes were matured in a modified TCM-199 containing 10 µ/ml of FSH and LH, and 1 µg/ml E2, fertilised in TALP and cultured in SOF/AA/BSA. Experiment 1 examined the effect of LIF (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) and various time periods of IVM (18, 22 or 28 h), in a 4 × 3 factorial design on oocyte maturation. Following maturation, oocytes were stripped out of cumulus cells, then denuded oocytes were stained in 1% lacmoid for determination of maturation stage while the cumulus cells were examined for the incidence of apoptosis by observation of DNA fragmentation using gel electrophoresis procedures. Experiment 2 comprised two parts, (a) the effect of LIF (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) at 24 h IVM in a randomised block design on in vitro development of embryos, (b) comparison of 20 vs 24 h IVM in the presence of LIF (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment on embryo development. In the two studies, the proportion of bovine oocytes that cleaved and developed to blastocyst stage was recorded. In addition, cell numbers of blastocysts after Giemsa staining were counted. Experiment 3 examined the effect of LIF during IVM (0 vs 1000 U/ml) or IVC (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) in a 2 × 4 factorial design on development of embryos. The incidence of cleavage and blastocyst development and cell numbers of blastocysts were recorded. In addition, blastocysts were further categorised into early, expanded and hatched blastocyst stages and cell numbers of blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) after differential staining with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide were determined. In Experiment One, an interaction of LIF concentration and duration of IVM was not observed for the proportion of immature oocytes reaching metaphase II (P>0.05). The presence of LIF (500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) increased the proportion of oocytes at metaphase II at 18 h (50%, 52% or 58%, respectively, compared to without LIF= 27%), indication that LIF may accelerate the maturation process in vitro. Supplementation of LIF during IVM did not affect the incidence of apoptosis of the cumulus cells. In Experiment Two, compared to 24 h IVM in the presence of LIF, 20 h IVM significantly increased blastocyst rates (Σ blastocysts : Σ cleaved, P0.05), however the data show that treatment groups of 20 h IVM in LIF resulted in higher cell numbers of blastocysts than achieved by 24 h IVM. In Experiment Three, there was a correlation between LIF during IVM and LIF during IVC in the proportion of blastocysts (P0.05). However, blastocysts derived from oocytes matured without LIF had significantly increased cell numbers (121 cells) compared to those matured in 1000 U/ml LIF (109 cells, P0.05). However, a concentration of 2000 U/ml LIF during IVC accelerated blastocyst development with more blastocysts hatching (60%, P0.05). A concentration of 1000 U/ml LEF during IVC resulted in higher cell numbers of ICM (P<0.05). This study suggests that LIF of 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml increased the proportion of metaphase II bovine oocytes and even reduced the time course of IVM. Supplementation of LIF during IVM may suppress the incidence of apoptosis of the cumulus cells. IVM for 20 h in the presence of LIF resulted in a higher number of blastocysts and 1000 U/ml LIF during IVM and culture in LIF increased the proportion of blastocysts. A higher concentration of LIF is required for reaching the hatched blastocyst stage. A level of 1000 U/ml LIF during IVC promoted higher cell numbers of ICM

TRADISI LOLA’A PADA MASYARAKAT DESA LANGGE KECAMATAN KALEDUPA SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Langge Kecamatan Kaledupa Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi&nbsp; dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana latar belakang munculnya tradisi lola’a dan makna simbolik yang terkandung dalam tradisi lola’a&nbsp; pada Suku Buton di Desa Langge kecamatan Kaledupa Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif Kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan (observasi), wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling, forman terdiri dari tokoh adat, imam, tokoh masyarakat, dan informan yang lain yang mengetahui tradisi tersebut. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahap pengumpulan, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa latar belakang&nbsp; tradisi lola’a adalah upaya doa untuk menghilangkan penyakit yang ada di kampung dan dilakukan di laut. Munculnya tradisi lola’a &nbsp;memiliki beberapa tahap yaitu tahap persiapan didahului dengan cara menghimbau masyarakat yang lain bahwa akan dilakukan tradisi lola’a karena sudah pergantian musim atau kampung sedang dilanda penyakit musiman, b) Tahap awal yaitu Awal pelaksanaan ritual lola’a adalah mengumpulkan atau mempersiapkan bahan untuk upacara, dan c) Tahap pelaksanaan yaitu melepaskan miniatur perahu yang dilakukan oleh juru kunci tradisi lola’a. 3) Makna yang terkandung dalam tradisi lola’a di Desa Langge Kecamatan Kaledupa Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi meliputi: a) Religi yaitu sebelum perahu dilepaskan diadakan pembacaan doa tolak bala yang dimaksudkan agar semua penyakit musiman ikut bersama miniatur perahu yang telah dilepaskan untuk dibawah serta lautan, b) Sosial yaitu dimana masyarakat sama-sama terlibat dari berbagai aspek pelaksanaan, dari pergi mencari kayu untuk pembuatan perahu, perbaikan perahu, penghiasan perahu, sampai pelepasan miniatur perahu, dan c) Budaya yaitu upacara adat yang tetap dilestarikan sampai sekarang

Perbedaan Sikap Pria terhadap Pelecehan Seksual pada Perempuan di Tempat Hiburan Malam Ditinjau dari Tingkat Pendidikan dan Status Pernikahan

Banyaknya tempat hiburan malam yang sekarang hadir di kota Surabaya, dijadikan altematif oleh orang-orang yang ingin menghabiskan malamnya untuk mencari hiburan dan melepaskan kepenatannya dengan cara clubbing dan mendengarkan musik. Sifat dari tempat hiburan malam yang bebas membuat orang yang ada di dalamnya juga turut mengekspresikan kebebasannya. Ada yang mengekspresikan dalam hal tingkah laku maupun penampilannya. Bagi perempuan di tempat hiburan malam, salah satu bentuk pengekspresian kebebasannya adalah dalam bentuk berpakaian seksi, sedangkan bagi laki-laki banyaknya perempuan yang berpakaian seksi merupakan salah satu hiburan yang dicari di tempat hiburan malam.Tanpa disadari oleh keduanya, cara berpakaian yang seksi dapat menimbulkan pelecehan seksual pada perempuan di tempat hiburan malam

Model Pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) Melalui Media Kartu Bergambar dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Pantun

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) Proses pembelajaran menulis pantun menggunakan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu bergambar pada siswa kelas VII.1 SMP Negeri 5 Depok; (2) Peningkatan keterampilan menulis pantun menggunakan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu bergambar pada siswa kelas VII.1  SMP Negeri 5  Depok; (3) Perubahan perilaku belajar siswa kelas VII.1 SMP Negeri 5 Depok  dalam mengikuti pembelajaran menulis pantun menggunakan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu bergambar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Kumpulkan data melalui pengujian dan non-pengujian. Alat pengumpul data berupa pedoman observasi, jurnal, pedoman wawancara dan lain-lain. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat diketahui bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Evaluation, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu mitra untuk pembelajaran rhyme mengalami peningkatan yang sangat pesat. Hal tersebut terlihat dari rata-rata periode pertama sebesar 78,25. Pada Siklus II rata-rata 85,83 atau meningkat 7,58. Demikian pula dengan perilaku belajar siawa. Perilaku belajar siswa mengalami perubahan ke arah  lebih baik dari sebelumnya

Analisis Potensi Ekonomi Dan Kependudukan Dalam Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Kabupaten Mamuju Provinsi Sulawesi Barat

To increase the rate of economic growth of a region, it is necessary to assess the economic sector owned which is progressing every year. The purpose of this research on population economics in Mamuju is to identify potentials and see growth trends in each economic sector in Mamuju. The method used is analysis of Location Quotients (LQ) and Shift Share. The economic sector is linked to population dynamics to see the relationship between regional economy and population dynamics in Mamuju as a material for determining development planning strategies in the economic sector. Of the 17 existing sectors, there are 13 sectors which are the base sector and are progressing in contributing to the value of PDRB. From these results and supported by the dynamics of the increasing population, Mamuju Regency needs to increase the contribution of the sector to meet the needs of residents inside and outside Mamuju Regency