Estudio sobre las dificultades en la implantación y seguimiento de la continuidad asistencial entre niveles (Hospital, Sociosanitario y Atención Primaria)

Màster en Administració i Gestió en Cures d'Infermeria de l'E.U. Santa Madrona, 2005, Director: José Tejad

Prevalencia de osteoporosis, detectada mediante densitometría de calcáneo, y su asociación a factores de riesgo en mujeres postmenopáusicas de Mallorca

La osteoporosis es una enfermedad muy prevalente condicionando un aumento del riesgo de fractura. El diagnóstico habitualmente se realiza por densitometría, especialmente practicada en columna lumbar y / o cadera. El presente estudio pretende determinar la prevalencia de osteoporosis por densitometría en calcáneo de mujeres mayores de Mallorca. La prevalencia según la T-score utilizada oscila entre el 8,5 y 32,6% según el punto de corte del T-score utilizado. Se han encontrado factores de riesgo relacionados con la osteoporosis como la edad, el peso, el IMC, las fracturas osteoporóticas previas y la lactancia materna.Osteoporosis is a disease very frequent that rises the risk of bone fracture. Diagnosis is usually done by practicing a Bone Mineral Densitometry, usually located in the femoral neck and / or lumbar spine. This study wants to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis, by using a calcaneal densitometry, in old Mallorcan women. The results establish a prevalence between the 8,5 and 32,6% depending the T-score used. Osteoporosis is related to age, weigh, BMI, previous osteoporotic fractures and breastfeeding

Effectiveness of intensive group and individual interventions for smoking cessation in primary health care settings: a randomized trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>Primary: To compare the effectiveness of intensive group and individual interventions for smoking cessation in a primary health care setting; secondary: to identify the variables associated with smoking cessation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three-pronged clinical trial with randomisation at the individual level. We performed the following: an intensive individual intervention (III), an intensive group intervention (IGI) and a minimal intervention (MI). Included in the study were smokers who were prepared to quit smoking. Excluded from the study were individuals aged less than 18 years or with severe mental conditions or terminal illnesses. The outcome measure was continued abstinence at 12 months confirmed through CO-oximetry (CO). The analysis was based on intention to treat.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 287 smokers were recruited: 81 in the III, 111 in the IGI, and 95 in the MI. Continued abstinence at 12 months confirmed through CO was 7.4% in the III, 5.4% in the IGI, and 1% in the MI. No significant differences were noted between III and MI on the one hand, and between IGI and MI on the other [RR 7.04 (0.9-7.2) and RR 5.1 (0.6-41.9), respectively]. No differences were noted between IGI and III [RR 0.7 (0.2-2.2)]. In multivariate analysis, only overall visit length showed a statistically significant association with smoking cessation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The effectiveness of intensive smoking interventions in this study was lower than expected. No statistically significant differences were found between the results of individual and group interventions.</p> <p>Trial registration number</p> <p>ISRCTN32323770</p

Pandemia por Coronavirus en Illes Balears, primera onda epidémica

The appearance and spread of the new COVID-19 disease are described from the epidemiological surveillance aspect. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has produced a global pandemic in which we are still immersed. The appearance of the new virus has represented a challenge of colossal dimensions in all aspects: virology, knowledge of transmission, therapeutic approaches, protection of the most vulnerable population, vaccines, etc. The epidemiological surveillance services of Spain have faced the need to control the disease and record its evolution. Initial attempts to control possible outbreaks such as in 2003 with the SARS epidemic were unsuccessful, the new disease has proven to be much more contagious and difficult to isolate. The characteristics of the first epidemic wave in the Balearic Islands are described from the onset of the disease to the end of the period of de-confinement and the state of alarm on June 21, 2020.Se describe la aparición y difusión de la nueva enfermedad COVID-19 desde el aspecto de la vigilancia epidemiológica. El virus SARS-CoV-2 ha producido una pandemia global en la que estamos inmersos todavía. La aparición del nuevo virus ha representa-do un desafío de dimensiones colosales en todos los aspectos: virología, conocimiento de la transmisión, enfoques terapéuticos, protección de población más vulnerable, vacunas, etc. Los servicios de vigilancia epidemiológica de España se han enfrentado a la necesidad de controlar la enfermedad y registrar su evolución. Los intentos iniciales de controlar posibles brotes como en 2003 con la epidemia del SARS fueron inútiles, la nueva enfermedad ha mostrado ser mucho más contagiosa y difícil de aislar. Se describen las características de la primera onda epidémica en las Islas Baleares desde el inicio de la enfermedad hasta el final del periodo de desconfinamiento y del estado de alarma el 21 de junio de 2020

Medidas de prevención y control de infecciones: el caso del SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 disease is an emerging infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. In the absence of an effective and safe vaccine to protect people from acquiring and developing COVID-19, the implementation of general and specific infection prevention and control measures are the most effective public health interventions against SARS-CoV-2. In most situations, multiple infection prevention and control measures must be implemented simultaneously to maximize their effectiveness. Among the general preventive measures, we must highlight: physical distance, respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene, cleanliness of the environment, isolation of cases, quarantine of close contacts and care for vulnerable populations including residents in long-stay centers. In health care, apply precautions for contact and droplet transmission, in addition to precautions by air when performing techniques that generate aerosols. There are more than 100 vaccines under investigation, of which more than 50 vaccines are being tested in humans. To contain this virus and other new viruses, there is no option for error or relaxation of the highest standards of all components of infection surveillance, prevention and control.La enfermedad COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa emergente causada por un nuevo coronavirus, el SARS-CoV-2. En ausencia de una vacuna eficaz y segura para proteger a las personas de adquirir y desarrollar la COVID-19, la implementación de medidas, generales y específicas, de prevención y control de infecciones son las intervenciones de salud pública más eficaces contra el SARS-CoV-2. En la mayoría de las situaciones, se deben implementar varias medidas de prevención y control de infecciones simultáneamente para maximizar la efectividad de las mismas. Entre las medidas preventivas generales hay que destacar: distancia física, higiene respiratoria e higiene de manos, limpieza del medio ambiente, aislamiento de casos, cuarentena de contactos estrechos y atención a poblaciones vulnerables incluyendo residentes en centros de larga estancia. En los cuidados sanitarios aplicar las precauciones para trasmisión de contacto y por gotas, además de precauciones por aire cuando se realicen técnicas que generen aerosoles. Hay más de 100 vacunas en investigación, de ellas más de 50 vacunas se están ensayando en humanos. Para contener este virus y otros virus nuevos, no hay opción para el error o la relajación de los más altos estándares de todos los componentes de la vigilancia, prevención y control de infecciones