CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF A PICTORIAL RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION SCALE FOR BENCH STEPPING EXERCISE

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a modified OMNI Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale for use during bench stepping exercise (OMNI-BS); and to examine the reliability of this scale. METHODS: Thirty females (age: 19.8±1.8yrs) undertook two experimental trials, separated by 7 days. Concurrent validity was established by examining the relation between the physiological criterion variables, oxygen consumption ( O2) and heart rate (HR), with the concurrent variable, RPE from OMNI-BS, during load incremental and load intermittent trials. The load incremental test consisted of 3-min stages. During the first stage subjects stood in front of the bench (resting measurement). Subsequently subjects stepped up and down on the bench at 120 beats per minute. The test was terminated owing to subject fatigue. Exercise intensity increased as bench height increased every 3-min. The intermittent test consisted of three, 3-min, exercise bouts, that reproduced exercise stages I (low intensity), III (moderate intensity), and V (high intensity) performed in the load incremental test. The order of these three exercise bouts was counterbalanced. Test re-test reliability between trials of the OMNI-BS RPE scale was examined by comparing RPEs obtained during stages I, III, and V. RESULTS: Intraclass Correlation analysis from the load incremental and load intermittent trials indicated a strong positive association between RPE and O2 (r=0.96 and r=0.95) and HR (r=0.95 and r=0.95). Test re-test reliability also demonstrated a strong positive association of RPEs between trials (r=0.95) for the entire data set. However, separate correlation analysis conducted on each of the three stages indicated the following associations: 1) stage I: low intensity; r=0.475; p=0.009; 2) stage III: moderate intensity; r=0.559; p=0.002; and 3) stage V: high intensity; r=0.793, p<0.001. The Bland-Altman method indicated a moderate level of agreement in RPE between trials. CONCLUSION: Concurrent validity and test re-test reliability for the OMNI-BS RPE scale were established for adult females performing bench stepping exercise

Associação entre características morfo-fisiológicas e funcionais com as atividades da vida diária de mulheres idosas participantes em programas comunitários no município de Curitiba - PR

Orientador: Sérgio Gregório da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 2006Inclui bibliografia e anexosÁrea de concentração: Exercício e esport

Avaliação da intensidade do exercício atraves do programa body combat

Orientador: Sergio Gregório da SilvaMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Física

Estresse Psicofisiológico em mulheres atletas tenistas de elite

O treinamento esportivo impõe um elevado grau de estresse físico e mental, os quais têm sido relacionados ao aumento do hormônio cortisol, classificando-o como um indicador do estresse psicofisiológico. Objetivou-se analisar o estresse psicofisiológico através do cortisol salivar em tenistas de elite de 16 e 18 anos, do sexo feminino, durante uma etapa do torneio internacional de tênis. Participaram deste estudo 48 atletas, inscritas na Copa Guga-Kuerten. As amostras de cortisol foram coletadas através da saliva e analisadas pelo método Elisa. As coletas ocorreram durante o meeting (Cpré) e logo após o término (C-pós) do jogo. Os dados foram descritos pela média e desvio padrão, e analisados pela ANCOVA (2x2: categorias: 16 e 18 anos; e, vencedores e perdedores), utilizando as medidas de C-pré como covariante (p < 0.05). As concentrações da C-pré (8.0±3.6 nmol/L) apenas diferiram da C-pós (13.0±6.2 nmol/L) quando as duas categorias foram analisadas agrupadas (t = -7.526; p < 0.000), indicando uma elevação do cortisol durante o evento esportivo. Não houve diferenças das concentrações de cortisol entre perdedores e vencedores (F1,98 = 2.686; p = 0.104). A associação da C-pré com o ranking (0.083; p = 0.602) e entre C-pós com o ranking (-0.037; p = 0.818) não foi significativa, sugerindo que o posicionamento do atleta não influência nas concentrações de cortisol. Concluímos que as atletas apresentaram maior concentração de cortisol após o jogo. Contudo, ainda são escassas as pesquisas que avaliaram a influência inerente ao esporte no cortisol, reportando resultados controversos. Sendo assim, recomenda-se que futuros estudos quantifiquem outros fatores associados ao estresse, como variáveis fisiológicas, psicológicas e sociais, possibilitando uma melhor compreensão da interferência dos mesmos sobre o desempenho de atletas.El entrenamiento deportivo es un grado elevado de estrés físico y mental, los cuales se han relacionado con el aumento del cortisol, el indicador del estímulo psicofisiológico. Objetivo analizar el estrés psicofisiológica por el cortisol salivar en los tenistas de la élite de 16 años y 18 años, del sexo femenino, durante una etapa de torneo internacional del tenis. Participaran en este estudio 48 atletas, inscritas en Copa Guga-Kuerten. Como muestras del cortisol se recogieron por la saliva y se analizaron por el método Elisa. Como coletas durante el encuentro (C-pré) e logo después del término (C-pós) del juego. (P < 0.05). Los datos obtenidos se basan en el análisis de la calidad y el patrón de desviación, y se analizaron en la ANCOVA (2x2: categorías: 16 y 18 años; e, vencedores y perdedores). Como concentraciones de C-pré (8.0 ± 3.6 nmol / L) apenas diferirán de C-pós (13.0 ± 6.2 nmol / L) cuando se comparan y se agrupan (t = -7.526; p < 0.000), indicando una elevación del cortisol durante el evento deportivo. No hay estimaciones de las concentraciones de cortisol entre perdedores y vencedores (F1,98 = 2.686; p = 0.104) (0.083; p = 0.602) y entre C-pós con o ranking (-0.037; p = 0.818) no fue significativo, sugiriendo que el posicionamiento de la atleta no influye en las concentraciones de cortisol. Concluimos que los atletas presentaron la mayor concentración de cortisol después del juego. Recomiendo-se que futuros estudios cuantifican otros factores asociados al estrés, posibilitando una mejor comprensión de la interferencia de los mismos sobre el rendimiento de atletas.A high degree of physical and mental stress is inherent to competitive training, which have been associated with an elevation of cortisol hormone, classifying it as a psychophysiologic stress indicator. To analyze psychophysiologic stress by saliva cortisol in female tennis athletes, 16 and 18 years-old, during a circuit of an international tournament. Participated forty-eight female tennis players, enrolled in the Copa Guga-Kuerten. Cortisol samples were collected by saliva, using a Salivette® tube, and analyzed by ELISA method. Samples were collected during the meeting (C pre) and immediately post-game (C-post). Data are described by mean and standard deviation, and analyze by an ANCOVA (2x2: categories: 16 and 18 years; and, winners and losers), using C pre measures as covariant (< 0.05). C-pre (8.0±3.6 nmol/L) differed from C-post (13.0±6.2 nmol/L) when the two categories were analyzed simultaneously (t = -7.526; p < 0.000), indicating an elevation of cortisol during the sportive event. There were not differences of cortisol concentrations between winners and losers had a higher cortisol concentration after the game. However, only a few studies evaluated the (F1,98 = 2.686; p = 0.104). There were not significant associations between athletes' ranking with C-pre (0.083; p = 0.602) and C-post (-0.037; p = 0.818), which may indicates that athletes' rank position do not influence on cortisol concentration. This study showed that female tennis athletes influences of sportive competition on cortisol reporting controversial results. Therefore, it is suggested that further studies quantifying other factors related to stress, purposing a better understanding of its influences on athletes' performance

Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Background: High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010. Methods: We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of population-based health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the effects of risk factors on cause-specific mortality from meta-analyses of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for each risk factor alone, and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the effects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specific population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specific deaths. We obtained cause-specific mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the final estimates. Findings: In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After accounting for multicausality, 63% (10·8 million deaths, 95% CI 10·1-11·5) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined effect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7·1 million deaths, 6·6-7·6) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the combined effects of these four risk factors surpassed 925 deaths per 100 000 for men in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, but were less than 130 deaths per 100 000 for women and less than 200 for men in some high-income countries including Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, and Spain. Interpretation: The salient features of the cardiometabolic disease and risk factor epidemic at the beginning of the 21st century are high blood pressure and an increasing effect of obesity and diabetes. The mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors has shifted from high-income to low-income and middle-income countries. Lowering cardiometabolic risks through dietary, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions should be a part of the global response to non-communicable diseases. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, US National Institutes of Health. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd