An Abstract Second Kind Fredholm Integral Equation with Degenerated Kernel

Mathematics Subject Classification: 44A40, 45B05The paper presents an abstract linear second kind Fredholm integral equation with degenerated kernel defined by means of the Bittner operational calculus. Fredholm alternative for mutually conjugated integral equations is also shown here. Some examples of solutions of the considered integral equation in various operational calculus models are also given

Chernobyl fall out in salt from Ciechocinek, Poland

The initial interest in the total inventory of the radionuclide fission products ejected from Chernobyl has been replaced with concern about the deposition and accumulation in the environment of those isotopes with longer half lives, mainly Cs-137 and Cs-134. We present here the slightly unusual case of collection of caesium isotopes in the salt of graduation towers used in salt production. In this case, the radiocaesium first settled down from the air to the wetted surface of the graduation tower in Ciechocinek and then, due to crystallisation of the brine, was deposited in the salt.Początkowe obawy, dotyczące całkowitej emisji radioaktywnych zanieczyszczeń uwolnionych w wyniku katastrofy w Czarnobylu (1986) po pewnym czasie ustąpiły miejsca zaniepokojeniu związanemu z depozycją i akumulacją w środowisku długożyciowych izotopów promieniotwórczych, przede wszystkim cezu: Cs-137 i Cs-134. Przedstawiamy nieco zaskakujący przypadek nagromadzenia tych izotopów cezu w soli, pochodzącej z tężni w Ciechocinku, które są wykorzystywane do zagęszczania solanki. Atomy radioizotopów cezu najpierw osiadły na wilgotnych powierzchniach tężni, działających niczym gigantyczny filtr powietrza, a następnie, w wyniku krystalizacji solanki, znalazły się w soli, także tej paczkowanej i dostępnej m.in. w handlu. Należy zaznaczyć, że stężenie radioizotopów cezu okazało się tak niewielkie, że nie stwarzało zagrożenia dla zdrowia

Assessment of the vehicle supercharging system operational functionality on the turbocharger example

This article is devoted to the issues of assessing the operational functionalities of the vehicle supercharging system on the turbocharge. The article presents assessment of turbocharger technical state verification procedure includes supercharging parameters, damage analysis, turbine blade strength analysis for chosen vehicles, and turbocharger impeller stand tests. The most frequently occurring failures and defects of supercharging devices are presented included their reasons. The main part of the work includes the strength analysis of the impeller blades, the verification of their deviations, and the stand tests by using specialized equipment

Buffer influence on magnetic dead layer, critical current and thermal stability in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

We present a thorough research on Ta/Ru-based buffers and their influence on features crucial from the point of view of applications of MTJs, such as critical switching current and thermal stability. We investigate devices consisting of buffer/FeCoB/MgO/FeCoB/Ta/Ru multilayers for three different buffers: Ta 5 / Ru 10 / Ta 3, Ta 5 / Ru 10 / Ta 10 and Ta 5 / Ru 20 / Ta 5 (all thicknesses in nm). In addition, we study systems with a single FeCoB layer deposited above as well as below the MgO barrier. The crystallographic texture and the roughness of the buffers are determined by means of XRD and atomic force microscopy measurements. Furthermore, we examine the magnetic domain pattern, the magnetic dead layer thickness and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy fields for each sample. Finally, we investigate the effect of the current induced magnetization switching for nanopillar junctions with lateral dimensions ranging from 1 {\mu}m down to 140 nm. Buffer Ta 5 / Ru 10 / Ta 3, which has the thickest dead layer, exhibits a large increase in the thermal stability factor while featuring a slightly lower critical current density value when compared to the buffer with the thinnest dead layer Ta 5 / Ru 20 / Ta 5

Proceedings of an emergency medical team (paramedics) with a patient in anaphylaxis

Introduction: Anaphylactic shock is an acute allergic body reaction to allergens. This condition threatens the patient's life and health. Anaphylaxis can be caused by intolerance to many nutrients, medications or hymenoptera stings.Aim of the manuscript: The aim of the manuscript was to determine the pattern of proceedings of emergency medical teams with patients in anaphylactic shock.Material and methods: The individual case method of a patient stung by a Hymenoptera insect, for whom a medical rescue team was dispatched, was used. The research material was obtained thanks to the analysis of medical rescue operations and dispatch orders.Results: The analysis of medical records of the injured person depicted an appropriate algorithm of proceedings with a patient in anaphylactic shock. In anaphylaxis, it is important to gather information as soon as possible, make an accurate and prompt diagnosis, and provide immediate pharmacotherapy. In this case, the first-line drug is Adrenaline, which prevents the release of histamine and reverses the effects of shock. Further treatment requires oxygen, fluids and second-line pharmacotherapy. Conclusions: The emergency medical team followed the applicable algorithms and current knowledge. It implemented appropriate medical rescue operations, thanks to which the condition of the injured was stabilized. The first step is to stop the exposure to the allergen

Chorionic thickness and PlGF concentrations as early predictors of small-for-gestational age birth weight in a low risk population

Objectives: SGA is associated with higher incidence of postnatal complications, including suboptimal neurodevelopment and increased cardiovascular risk. Screening for SGA, carried out at 11–13 (+ 6d) gestational weeks enables to reduce or completely eliminate the above mentioned complications. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between chorionic thickness, concentration of PIGF protein and foetal birth weight in a single low-risk pregnancy. Material and methods: The study included 76 patients at 11–13 (+ 6d) gestational weeks, monitored throughout preg­nancy. Ultrasound examinations identified the location and thickness of the chorion by measuring it in its central part at its widest point in a sagittal section. Additionally, at each visit venous blood was collected to determine the level of PlGF, PAPP-A, and BhCG. Results: A significant positive correlation (r = 0.37) was found between the foetal weight and chorionic thickness. This correlation was affected by the location of the chorion and a significant negative correlation was observed between the level of PLGF, FHR, weight and length of the newborn. Maternal early-pregnancy BMI did not affect neonatal weight and body length, FHR, chorionic thickness, and the levels of PlGF, PAPP-A, and BhCG. Conclusions: The preliminary analysis indicates an association between chorionic thickness assessed during ultrasound at 11–13 (+ 6d) gestational weeks, PIGF levels assayed at the same time and birth weight. Increasing chorion thickness was accompanied by increasing foetal birth weight. PlGF level showed an inversely proportional effect on the foetal weight. This correlation was significant for the posterior location of the chorion

The comparative analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joints

Background: The aim of the study was to correlate arthroscopic and MRI image of temporomandibular joints (TMJ) dysfunction on the clinical basis. Material/Methods: The study sample comprised 44 patients. All subjects underwent bilateral MRI and unilateral arthroscopy of TMJ to evaluate disc structure, position and function, bone structure abnormalities, joint effusion localization and entity according to Wilkes classification. Results: In 31 patients (70,5%) MRI allowed diagnosing the morphological and functional changes with the arthroscopic confidence. In 13 (29,5%) cases the differences between both images were noted. The stage of the disease was over- or underestimated at one grade level. Conclusions: The present study contributes to an improved understanding of TMJ changes in MRI. The MRI analysis of craniomandibular disorders is extremely helpful as the primary imaging preceding arthroscopy

Nonlinear Optical and Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Octupolar Tris(bipyridyl)metal Complexes

The linear (absorption and emission) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of D3 [(Fe(II), Ru(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)] octupolar metal complexes featuring the 4,4'-bis[(dibutylamino)styryl]-2,2'- bipyridine ligand are reported. Zinc(II)