Amphibia, Anura, Hylodidae, Megaelosia apuana Pombal, Prado and Canedo, 2003: distribution extension, new state record and geographic distribution map

In this study we report the first record of the giant torrent frog Megaelosia apuana in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The finding of this species at Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Mata do Sossego, municipality of Simonésia, east of Minas Gerais extends its geographic distribution by 120 km from the type locality, and 45 km northwest from its westernmost known record. A geographic distribution map is presented.

The tadpoles of two species of the Bokermannohyla circumdata group (Hylidae, Cophomantini)

We describe the external morphology and oral cavity of the tadpoles of Bokermannohyla caramaschii and B. diamantina respectively from the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. Larvae of both species are distinguished from each other by external characters such as body shape, labial tooth-row formula, number of marginal papillae, coloration and internal oral anatomy features. Some of the character states of the tadpoles of B. caramaschii and B. diamantina that are shared with all other described tadpoles of the Bokermannohyla circumdata group, such as the absence/reduction of small flaps with accessory labial teeth laterally in the oral disc, and the absence/reduction of submarginal papillae, may represent morphological synapomorphies of this species group, or at least of some internal clade. The general pattern of brownish coloration with longitudinal stripes on the caudal muscle is also common to most species of the group. We did not find character states of the oral cavity that are exclusively shared by species of the B. circumdata group, or by other groups of Bokermannohyla.Descrevemos a morfologia externa e cavidade oral dos girinos de B. caramaschii e B. diamantina, respectivamente dos estados do Espírito Santo e Bahia, Brasil. As larvas de ambas as espécies são diferenciadas entre si por caracteres externos, como formato do corpo, fórmula de fileiras de dentículos labiais, número de papilas marginais, coloração e caracteres de anatomia oral interna. Alguns dos estados de caracteres dos girinos de B. caramaschii e B. diamantina, que são compartilhados com outros girinos do grupo de B. circumdata descritos, como ausência/redução das pequenas abas com dentículos acessórios e de papilas submarginais podem representar sinapomorfias morfológicas deste grupo de espécies, ou ao menos, de algum clado interno. O padrão de coloração dos girinos, amarronzado, com listras longitudinais na musculatura da cauda também é bastante comum na maioria das espécies do grupo. Não encontramos caracteres da cavidade oral exclusivamente compartilhados por espécies do grupo de B. circumdata, ou outros grupos de Bokermannohyla.Fil: Pezzuti, Tiago Leite. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Teixeira Santos, Marcus Thadeu. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Velasquez Martins, Sofia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Fortes Leite, Felipe Sá. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; BrasilFil: Anchietta Garcia, Paulo Christiano. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Faivovich, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentin

Amphibia, Anura, Hylodidae, Megaelosia apuana Pombal, Prado and Canedo, 2003: distribution extension, new state record and geographic distribution map

In this study we report the first record of the giant torrent frog Megaelosia apuana in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The finding of this species at Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Mata do Sossego, municipality of Simonésia, east of Minas Gerais extends its geographic distribution by 120 km from the type locality, and 45 km northwest from its westernmost known record. A geographic distribution map is presented

Cranial vault reconstruction with bone morphogenetic protein, calcium phosphate, acellular dermal matrix, and calcium alginate in mice

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: To evaluate experimental cranial vault reconstructions, by combining bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and different matrices.METHODS: Fourty-nine animals were initially included (seven per group). We designed an experimental, open, prospective and comparative study, divided in seven groups: 1 – BMP-2+calcium phosphate (BT); 2 – BMP-2+acellular dermal matrix (BM); 3 – BMP-2+calcium alginate (BA); 4 – TCP; 5 – MDM; 6 – ALG; 7 – Bone autograft (BAG). A bone failure was created in left parietal bone of adult male mice. At the same procedure reconstruction was performed. After five weeks, animals were sacrificed, and reconstruction area was removed to histological analysis. After exclusion due to death or infection, thirty-eight animals were evaluated (BT=5; BM=6; BA=6; TCP=7; MDM=3; ALG=6; BAG=5).RESULTS: A higher incidence of infection has occurred in MDM group (57%, P=0.037). In cortical fusion, groups BAG, TCP, and BMP-2+TCP (BT) obtained the best scores, comparing to the others (P=0.00846). In new bone formation, groups BT, BAG, and TCP have presented the best scores (P=0.00835). When neovascularization was considered, best groups were BMP-2+MDM (BM), BMP-2+ALG (BA), TCP, and MDM (P=0.001695). BAG group was the best in bone marrow formation, followed by groups BT and TCP (P=0.008317). CONCLUSIONS: Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 increased bone regeneration in experimental skull reconstruction, especially when combined to calcium phosphate. Such association was even comparable to bone autograft, the gold-standard treatment, in some histological criteria

Cranial vault reconstruction with bone morphogenetic protein, calcium phosphate, acellular dermal matrix, and calcium alginate in mice

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: To evaluate experimental cranial vault reconstructions, by combining bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and different matrices.METHODS: Fourty-nine animals were initially included (seven per group). We designed an experimental, open, prospective and comparative study, divided in seven groups: 1 – BMP-2+calcium phosphate (BT); 2 – BMP-2+acellular dermal matrix (BM); 3 – BMP-2+calcium alginate (BA); 4 – TCP; 5 – MDM; 6 – ALG; 7 – Bone autograft (BAG). A bone failure was created in left parietal bone of adult male mice. At the same procedure reconstruction was performed. After five weeks, animals were sacrificed, and reconstruction area was removed to histological analysis. After exclusion due to death or infection, thirty-eight animals were evaluated (BT=5; BM=6; BA=6; TCP=7; MDM=3; ALG=6; BAG=5).RESULTS: A higher incidence of infection has occurred in MDM group (57%, P=0.037). In cortical fusion, groups BAG, TCP, and BMP-2+TCP (BT) obtained the best scores, comparing to the others (P=0.00846). In new bone formation, groups BT, BAG, and TCP have presented the best scores (P=0.00835). When neovascularization was considered, best groups were BMP-2+MDM (BM), BMP-2+ALG (BA), TCP, and MDM (P=0.001695). BAG group was the best in bone marrow formation, followed by groups BT and TCP (P=0.008317). CONCLUSIONS: Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 increased bone regeneration in experimental skull reconstruction, especially when combined to calcium phosphate. Such association was even comparable to bone autograft, the gold-standard treatment, in some histological criteria

A new species of Crossodactylodes from the Espinhaço mountain range, Southeastern Brazil (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae)

The bromeligenous genus Crossodactylodes, endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain and the “campo rupestre” ecosystem in Brazil, currently comprises five named species. Three additional putatively new species have already been proposed in a recent study based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Here we employ phenotypic data to corroborate the distinctiveness of one of these lineages, and describe it as a new species, from the Espinhaço Mountain Range in the municipality of Itamarandiba, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. We also provide information on its natural history and conservation status. The new species is diagnosable from its congeners by a combination of characters, including the presence of vocal slits in adult males, the orange coloration of discs on fingers and toes, and the presence of vomerine odontophores. The new species is the second Crossodactylodes to be reported for the campo rupestre and it was only recorded in a small forest patch composed of low trees, shrubs, mosses, lichens, and a high density of bromeliads

Estudo clínico epidemiológico das fraturas da coluna vertebral

OBJETIVO: Realizar um levantamento epidemiológico das fraturas da coluna vertebral. MÉTODOS: Estudo de revisão de prontuário, retrospectivo analisando dados clínicos e epidemiológicos no período de 1991 a 2010. Foram avaliados dados como: idade, sexo, procedência, escala de Frankel admissional, mecanismo de trauma, tipo de fratura, tratamento e complicações, nos prontuários de 1.917 pacientes submetidos a tratamento de fraturas da coluna vertebral. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparação entre as variáveis discretas e o teste t Student foi utilizado no caso de variáveis contínuas, adotando níveis de significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero masculino (85,2%), média de idade de 34 anos, procedência urbana (69,2%), sendo o mecanismo de trauma a queda de altura (40,4%). Quando a causa for mergulho em águas rasas, está associada a lesões na região cervical, pacientes mais jovens e tende a produzir déficit neurológico. As fraturas isoladas aconteceram em 75,6% dos casos, afetando mais o nível L1 (11,4%), sendo que o tratamento cirúrgico foi indicado em 88,2%, sem complicações pós-operatórias na maioria dos casos (61,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Os autores sugerem mudanças principalmente na área habitacional, com campanhas educacionais preventivas e orientações para jovens que gostam de fazer atividades recreativas como mergulho em água rasa