Estão as bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras adequadas ao ensino e à pesquisa em ecologia?

Este trabalho procura traçar um painel da situação do acervo bibliográfico, em termos de periódicos especializados em ecologia, de algumas das principais universidades brasileiras. A pesquisa baseou-se na escolha de um tópico básico o qual, vem recebendo grande ênfase na literatura internacional ao longo dos últimos anos: a produção secundária. Todos os meios de procura disponíveis, sejam eles convencionais ¾ arquivos, fichários, microfilmes ¾, ou aqueles recentemente implantados, tais como os bancos de dados em CD ROM, foram empregados. Das dez bibliotecas universitárias selecionadas, apenas a Universidade de São Paulo (USP) pode oferecer um acervo que cobre satisfatoriamente a maioria das referências selecionadas. Um segundo grupo de universidades, composto pela Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) e Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) apresentou percentuais de cobertura variando entre 40 e 60%. A maioria das outras bibliotecas universitárias, no entanto, manteve-se em um patamar comparável ao da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) ou Universidade de Brasília (UNB), ou seja, com percentuais de cobertura inferiores a 40%. Destaca-se ainda, que muitas das universidades selecionadas, mesmo possuindo cursos de pós-graduação em ecologia, exibiram, em seu conjunto, dados que demonstram inequivocamente a pobreza de seu, acervos na área de ecologia

Dispersão acionária e remuneração dos administradores

Companies with more dispersed ownership tend to pay their executives more due to problems of collective action and agency costs. This article analyzes the relationship between the dispersion of ownership and the compensation of executives and directors. Detailed information on the remuneration of the managerial team and the board became available from 2010, allowing this analysis to contribute to the understanding this relationship. The models estimated from a sample of 315 Brazilian companies traded on stock exchanges indicate a positive economic and statistically significant correlation between executive compensation and ownership dispersion. Ceteris paribus, companies with more dispersed share ownership pay higher remuneration to its top executives. Likewise, family controlled companies pay more to their chief executive, but not to the managerial team as a whole, and the remuneration of directors increases in line with a greater number of control group members or their relatives on the board. There was support, thus, for the Managerial Power Hypothesis in companies more dispersed ownership and for the extraction of private benefits in companies with concentrated control.Companhias com propriedade acionária mais dispersa tendem a remunerar mais seus executivos devido a problemas de ação coletiva e custos de agência. Este artigo analisa a relação entre a dispersão da propriedade acionária e a remuneração dos administradores. Informações detalhadas sobre a remuneração da diretoria e do conselho de administração passaram a estar disponíveis a partir de 2010 permitindo que essa análise contribua para o entendimento dessa relação. Os modelos estimados com base em uma amostra de 315 companhias brasileiras com ações negociadas em bolsa de valores indicam uma correlação positiva econômica e estatisticamente significativa entre a remuneração dos administradores e a dispersão acionária. Ceteris paribus, companhias com propriedade acionária mais dispersa pagam remuneração maior a seus administradores. Da mesma forma, empresas com controle familiar pagam mais a seu executivo principal, mas não à diretoria como um todo, e a remuneração dos conselheiros é maior na medida em que há mais membros do grupo de controle ou seus familiares no conselho de administração. Houve sustentação, portanto, para a Hipótese do Poder dos Gestores nas companhias mais dispersas e para a extração de benefícios privados nas companhias com controle concentrado

Training in endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection: face, content and expert validity of the live porcine model

Introduction: Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection are demanding procedures. This study aims to establish face, content and expert validity of the live porcine model in performing endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, complication management and to assess it as a training tool. Material and methods: Tutors and trainees participating in live porcine model endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection workshops filled out a questionnaire regarding the realism of the model compared to human setting and its role as a learning tool. A 10-point Likert scale was used. Results: Ninety-one endoscopists (13 tutors; 78 trainees) were involved in four workshops. Median global classifications for the realism of the life porcine model ranged between 7.0–8.0 (interquartile range 5.0–9.0). Procedures resembled human cases with a median of 9.0 (8.0–9.0) for oesophageal multiband endoscopic mucosal resection; 8.5 (8.0–9.0) for oesophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection; 9.0 (8.0–10.0) for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection; and 9.0 (8.5–9.75 and 8.0–9.69) for complication detection and management. The animal model as a learning tool had median scores of 9.0 (7.0–10.0) considering how procedures are performed; 9.0–9.5 (8.0–10.0) for usefulness for beginners; and 9.0–10.0 (5.0–10.0) regarding it a prerequisite. Conclusions: Training in a live porcine model was considered very realistic compared to the human setting and was highly appreciated as a learning tool. This is the first study to establish face, content and expert validity of the live porcine model in performing multiband endoscopic mucosal resection, oesophageal and gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. The validation of this model provides the rationale to incorporate it into formal teaching programmes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Esophageal Bullous Pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune dermatologic disease that usually occurs in the elderly. Mucous membrane lesions occur in about 10–35% of patients and are almost always limited to the oral mucous membrane. Esophageal involvement is very rare (4% of cases) and usually presents with chest pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia, though patients are frequently asymptomatic. We report the case of newly diagnosed bullous pemphigoid in a 76-year-old man with a past medical history of dementia. He presented with cutaneous manifestations but also severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to extensive esophageal involvement. Although bullous pemphigoid is mainly a skin disease, mucous membrane lesions should not be overlooked as they are associated with an even poorer outcome. A high index of suspicion for esophageal involvement is needed as its presentation can be fatal, as with our patient

Anthropocene and climate change: the perception and awareness of Brazilians according to the IBOPE survey

Um nó górdio ata a atual era denominada Antropoceno à forma de pensar a terra e a sociedade que nela habita. A cultura moderna se edificou compreendendo o ser humano como o senhor e o dono de todas as coisas. Logo, os sinais de alertas emitidos pela natureza e a sua não compreensão crítica por parte da humanidade transformaram o problema em crise profunda, observável no aquecimento global e na mudança climática. Em 20 anos, 4,1 bilhões de pessoas foram atingidas por este último fenômeno. O conhecimento da percepção e do nível de consciência dos brasileiros com relação à transformação da terra e com respeito à ação humana neste processo é indispensável para a formulação correta do problema e a busca de soluções. A partir de uma pesquisa de opinião pública realizada em 2011, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar os dados referentes à percepção dos brasileiros com respeito ao fenômeno do aquecimento global e da mudança climática e, ainda, identificar a sua consciência com relação à ação humana neste processo. Além da revisão bibliográfica, é utilizada como fonte secundária a Pesquisa IBOPE publicada em 2012. Não são identificadas posições negacionistas ou obstáculos psicológicos quanto à percepção da mudança climática, entretanto, não é possível identificar perspectivas de reação às formas de pensar que têm colocado o ser humano e seu modelo de desenvolvimento em rota de colisão com a natureza e o planeta.A Gordian knot ties the present age called Anthropocene to the way of thinking about the land and the society that inhabits it. Modern culture was built by understanding the human being as the master and owner of all things. Therefore, the warning signals issued by nature and their lack of critical understanding on the part of humanity turned the problem into a deep crisis, observable in global warming and climate change. In 20 years, 4.1 billion people have been hit by this latest phenomenon. The knowledge of the perception and level of consciousness of Brazilians in relation to the transformation of the land and with respect to human action in this process is indispensable for the correct formulation of the problem and the search for solutions. From a public opinion survey conducted in 2011 the study aims to analyze the data referring to the perception of Brazilians regarding the phenomenon of global warming and climate change and also identify their consciousness with regard to human action in this process. In addition to the bibliographic review, a secondary source is used, the IBOPE Research published in 2012. No negationist positions or psychological obstacles are identified regarding the perception of climate change, however it is not possible to identify perspectives of reaction to the ways of thinking that have placed the human being and his development model on a collision course with nature and the planet

Nuchal translucency: an ultrasound marker for fetal chromosomal abnormalities

CONTEXT: The literature shows an association between several ultrasound markers and chromosome abnormality. Among these, measurement of nuchal translucency has been indicated as a screening method for aneuploidy. The trisomy of chromosome 21 has been most evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To define the best fixed cutoff point for nuchal translucency, with the assistance of the ROC curve, and its accuracy in screening all fetal aneuploidy and trisomy 21 in a South American population. TYPE OF STUDY: Validation of a diagnostic test. SETTING: This study was carried out at the State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 230 patients examined by ultrasound at two tertiary-level private centers, at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation. DIAGNOSTIC TEST: The participants consisted of all those patients who had undergone ultrasound imaging at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation to measure nuchal translucency and who had had the fetal or neonatal karyotype identified. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Maternal age, gestational age, nuchal translucency measurement, fetal or neonatal karyotype. RESULTS: Prevalence of chromosomal defects -- 10%; mean age -- 35.8 years; mean gestational age -- 12 weeks and 2 days; nuchal translucency (NT) thickness -- 2.18 mm. The best balance between sensitivity and specificity were values that were equal to or higher than 2.5 mm for overall chromosomal abnormalities as well as for the isolated trisomy 21. The sensitivity for overall chromosomal abnormalities and trisomy 21 were 69.5% and 75%, respectively, and the positive likelihood ratios were 5.5 and 5.0, respectively. CONCLUSION: The measurement of nuchal translucency was found to be fairly accurate as an ultrasound marker for fetal abnormalities and measurements equal to or higher than 2.5 mm were the best fixed cutoff points.CONTEXTO: A literatura mostra uma associação entre diversos marcadores ultra-sonográficos e riscos de cromossomopatias. Dentre os marcadores ultra-sonográficos, a medida da translucência nucal têm sido apontada como um método de rastreamento de aneuploidias, sendo a trissomia do cromossomo 21 a mais investigada. OBJETIVO: Definir, com auxilio da curva ROC, o melhor ponto de corte fixo da translucência nucal e sua acurácia no rastreamento das aneuploidias fetais como um todo, e para a trissomia do cromossomo 21 numa população sul americana. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Validação de teste diagnóstico. LOCAL: O estudo foi realizado na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil. PARTICIPANTES: 230 pacientes que realizaram ultra-sonografia em dois centros privados de nível terciário, entre 10 e 14 semanas de gestação. PROCEDIMENTOS: Foram incluídas as pacientes que realizaram ultra-sonografia, entre 10 e 14 semanas de gestação, onde se mediu a translucência nucal, e a pesquisa do cariótipo fetal ou do recém-nascido. VARIÁVEIS ESTUDADAS: Idade materna, idade gestacional, medida da translucência nucal e resultado do cariótipo fetal ou do recém-nascido. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de cromossomopatias foi de 10%. A idade média das pacientes foi de 35,8 anos. A idade gestacional média foi de 12 semanas e dois dias. A medida da translucência nucal (TN) apresentou uma média de 2,18 mm. O ponto de corte fixo, com melhor equilíbrio entre sensibilidade e especificidade, foram os valores iguais ou maiores que 2,5 mm para todas as cromossomopatias e, também, para a trissomia do cromossomo 21 isoladamente. A sensibilidade do teste foi de 69,5% e 75% para todas as cromossomopatias e para a trissomia do cromossomo 21 respectivamente, com uma razão de verossimilhança positiva de 5,5 e 5,0 para todas as cromossomopatias e para a trissomia do cromossomo 21 respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A medida translucência nucal mostrou boa acurácia como marcador ultra-sonográfico de cromossomopatias fetais, sendo o valor de 2,5 mm o melhor ponto de corte fixo.192

Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Atlantic Forest of the Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

The Atlantic Forest harbors the world’s greatest diversity of harvestmen. However, this biome is highly modified and fragmented, negatively impacting biodiversity. Thus, the present study aimed to inventory the harvestmen fauna in the Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area (Fernão Dias EPA), in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The study was conducted in the municipality of Gonçalves, within the Fernão Dias EPA. Harvestmen sampling took place from October 2019 to March 2020. A total of 265 individuals from 24 species and morphospecies were collected. Reported six new species for the state: Acanthogonyleptes singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1935), Ampheres luteus (Giltay, 1928), Meteusarcoides caudatus (Piza, 1940), Ogloblinia intermedia (Soares, 1944), Megapachylus anomalus (Mello-Leitão, 1922), and Gonyleptes pseudogranulatus (Soares, 1946). This underscores the importance of the Fernão Dias EPA for the protection of the harvestmen fauna in the state of Minas Gerais

Metabolic control of T cell immune response through glycans in inflammatory bowel disease

Mucosal T lymphocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were previously shown to display a deficiency in branched N-glycosylation associated with disease severity. However, whether this glycosylation pathway shapes the course of the T cell response constituting a targeted-specific mechanism in UC remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that metabolic supplementation of ex vivo mucosal T cells from patients with active UC with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) resulted in enhancement of branched N-glycosylation in the T cell receptor (TCR), leading to suppression of T cell growth, inhibition of the T helper 1 (Th1)/Th17 immune response, and controlled T cell activity. We further demonstrated that mouse models displaying a deficiency in the branched N-glycosylation pathway (MGAT5-/-, MGAT5+/-) exhibited increased susceptibility to severe forms of colitis and early-onset disease. Importantly, the treatment of these mice with GlcNAc reduced disease severity and suppressed disease progression due to a controlled T cell-mediated immune response at the intestinal mucosa. In conclusion, our human ex vivo and preclinical results demonstrate the targeted-specific immunomodulatory properties of this simple glycan, proposing a therapeutic approach for patients with UC.We thank Dr. Hiroaki Korekane and Fumi (RIKEN) for support in preparation of the fluorescent oligosaccharide acceptor substrate. We thank Dr. Michael Pierce for kindly providing the MGAT5 knockout mice. We also thank Paula Paíga (REQUIMTE/LAQV) for technical support with the HPLC system. The Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto integrates the i3S research unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). This article is a result of the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000029, supported by the Norte Portugal Regional Programme (NORTE 2020) under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund. This work was also funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through the COMPETE 2020—Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through the FCT in the framework of the project (POCI-01/ 0145-FEDER-016601 and PTDC/DTP-PIC/0560/2014). S.S.P. acknowledges the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) for ECCO Grant 2017, the Broad Medical Research Program at the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, and the Portuguese Group of Study in IBD (GEDII) for funding. A.M.D. [PD/BD/105982/2014], A.C. [SFRH/BPD/91623/2012], and M.S.P. [SFRH/ BD/110148/2015] received funding from the FCT. M. Lima thanks the CHP for the research support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio