Brucella ceti infection in dolphins from the Western Mediterranean sea

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Pathology and Case Definition of Severe Perkinsea Infection of Frogs

Severe Perkinsea infection (SPI) is an emerging disease of frogs responsible for mass mortalities of tadpoles across the United States. It is caused by protozoa belonging to the phylum Perkinsozoa that form a distinct group referred to as the Pathogenic Perkinsea Clade of frogs. In this work, we provide detailed description of gross and histologic lesions from 178 naturally infected tadpoles, including 10 species from 22 mortality events and 6 amphibian health monitoring studies from diverse geographic areas. On external examination, we observed abdominal distension (10, 5.6%), cutaneous erythema and petechia (3, 1.7%), subcutaneous edema (3, 1.7%), and areas of white skin discoloration (3, 1.7%). On macroscopic examination of internal organs, we found hepatomegaly (68, 38.2%), splenomegaly (51, 28.7%), nephromegaly (47, 26.4%), ascites (15, 8.4%), segmental irregular thickening and white discoloration of the intestine (8, 4.5%), pancreatomegaly (4, 2.2%), and pancreatic petechia (1, 0.6%). Histologically, over 60% of the liver (148/165, 89.7%), kidney (113/147, 76.9%), spleen (96/97, 99%), and pancreas (46/68, 67.6%) were invaded by myriad intracellular and extracellular Perkinsea hypnospore-like and trophozoite-like organisms. Numerous other tissues were affected to a lesser extent. Mild histiocytic inflammation with fewer lymphocytes or eosinophils was commonly observed in areas of infection that were not obscured by lympho-granulocytic hematopoietic tissue. In light of these observations, we suggest a logical pathogenesis sequence. Finally, we propose a case definition for SPI to promote standardized communication of results and prevent misdiagnosis with epidemiological and pathologically overlapping diseases such as ranavirosis

Diverse alveolate infections of tadpoles, a new threat to frogs?

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Brucella ceti infection in dolphins from the Western Mediterranean sea

Background: Brucella ceti infections have been increasingly reported in cetaceans. Brucellosis in these animals is associated with meningoencephalitis, abortion, discospondylitis', subcutaneous abscesses, endometritis and other pathological conditions B. ceti infections have been frequently described in dolphins from both, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In the Mediterranean Sea, only two reports have been made: one from the Italian Tyrrhenian Sea and the other from the Adriatic Sea.Results: We describe the clinical and pathological features of three cases of B. ceti infections in three dolphins stranded in the Mediterranean Catalonian coast. One striped dolphin had neurobrucellosis, showing lethargy, incoordination and lateral swimming due to meningoencephalitis, A B. ceti infected bottlenose dolphin had discospondylitis, and another striped dolphin did not show clinical signs or lesions related to Brucella infection. A detailed characterization of the three B. ceti isolates was performed by bacteriological, molecular, protein and fatty acid analyses.Conclusions: All the B. ceti strains originating from Mediterranean dolphins cluster together in a distinct phylogenetic clade, close to that formed by B. ceti isolates from dolphins inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean. Our study confirms the severity of pathological signs in stranded dolphins and the relevance of B. ceti as a pathogen in the Mediterranean Sea.Antecedentes: Las infecciones por Brucella ceti se han notificado cada vez más en los cetáceos. La brucelosis en estos animales se asocia con meningoencefalitis, aborto, discopondilitis, abscesos subcutáneos, endometritis y otras condiciones patológicas. Las infecciones por B. ceti se han descrito con frecuencia en delfines de los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico. En el Mar Mediterráneo, sólo se han hecho dos informes: uno del Mar Tirreno italiano y el otro del Mar Adriático: Describimos las características clínicas y patológicas de tres casos de infecciones de B. ceti en tres delfines varados en la costa mediterránea catalana. Un delfín listado presentaba neurobrucelosis, mostrando letargo, incoordinación y natación lateral debido a la meningoencefalitis, el delfín mular infectado por B. ceti presentaba discopondilitis, y otro delfín listado no mostraba signos clínicos o lesiones relacionadas con la infección por Brucella. Se realizó una caracterización detallada de los tres aislamientos de B. ceti mediante análisis bacteriológicos, moleculares, de proteínas y de ácidos grasos. Conclusiones: Todas las cepas de B. ceti procedentes de delfines del Mediterráneo se agrupan en un clado filogenético distinto, cercano al formado por los aislamientos de B. ceti de los delfines que habitan en el Océano Atlántico. Nuestro estudio confirma la gravedad de los signos patológicos en los delfines varados y la relevancia de B. ceti como patógeno en el Mar Mediterráneo.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Medicina Veterinari

Virally-vectored vaccine candidates against white-nose syndrome induce anti-fungal immune response in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)

White-nose syndrome (WNS) caused by the fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) has killed millions of North American hibernating bats. Currently, methods to prevent the disease are limited. We conducted two trials to assess potential WNS vaccine candidates in wild-caught Myotis lucifugus. In a pilot study, we immunized bats with one of four vaccine treatments or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control and challenged them with Pd upon transfer into hibernation chambers. Bats in one vaccine-treated group, that received raccoon poxviruses (RCN) expressing Pd calnexin (CAL) and serine protease (SP), developed WNS at a lower rate (1/10) than other treatments combined (14/23), although samples sizes were small. The results of a second similar trial provided additional support for this observation. Bats vaccinated orally or by injection with RCN-CAL and RCN-SP survived Pd challenge at a significantly higher rate (P = 0.01) than controls. Using RT-PCR and flow cytometry, combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization, we determined that expression of IFN-γ transcripts and the number of CD4 + T-helper cells transcribing this gene were elevated (P \u3c 0.10) in stimulated lymphocytes from surviving vaccinees (n = 15) compared to controls (n = 3). We conclude that vaccination with virally-vectored Pd antigens induced antifungal immunity that could potentially protect bats against WNS

L'Athlète : journal hebdomadaire de tous les sports

03 novembre 19371937/11/03 (N1069)-1937/11/03.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : Aquit