Effects of variable and constant temperatures on the embryonic development and survival of a new grape pest, xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Xylotrechus arvicola Olivier (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) has become a new expanding pest in grape (Vitis spp.) crops. To better improve control tactics, the consequences of 11 constant (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 32, 34, 35 and 36°) and nine variable temperatures (with equal mean temperatures at each of the nine constant rates ranging from 15 to 35°) on survival and embryonic development were studied. The eggs were able to complete development at constant temperatures between 15 and 35°, with mortality rates at the extremes of the range of two and 81.5%, respectively. Using variable temperatures a mortality rate of 38.9% at a mean temperature of 15° and 99% at 35° was observed. The range of time for embryonic development was 29.5 d at 15° to 6 d at 32° at constant temperatures, and from 29.6 d at 15° to 7.2 d at 32° at variable temperatures. The goodness-of-fit of different development models was evaluated for the relationship between the development rate and temperature. The models that gave the best fit were the Logan type III for constant temperatures and The Briare for variable temperatures. Optimum temperatures were estimated to be from 31.7 to 32.9°. The models that best described embryo development under natural field conditions were the Logan type III model for constant temperatures (98.7% adjustment) and The Lactin model for variable temperatures (99.2% adjustment). Nonlinear models predicted faster development at constant temperatures and slower development at variable ones when compared with real field development, whereas the linear model always predicted faster development than what actually took place. © 2011 Entomological Society of America.The Spanish Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (INIA) funded this research, project no. RTA04-117-C2.Peer Reviewe

Caracterización de las larvas de dos especies de Paranomala y una especie de Strigoderma (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Rutelinae) DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO

Se presentan las descripciones de la larva de tercer estadio de Paranomala flavilla (Bates), P. hoepfneri (Bates) y Strigoderma costulipennis Bates, recolectadas en el estado de Puebla, México, en suelos con cultivo de amaranto (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.). Se incluyen ilustraciones distintivas y comentarios sobre las diferencias con las larvas de otras especies de los géneros estudiados en México.The third instar larvae of Paranomala flavilla (Bates), P. hoepfneri (Bates) and Strigoderma costulipennis Bates, collected in Puebla, Mexico, in soils cultivated with amaranth are described. Illustrations of the diagnostic structures and comments on the differences with other larvae of the genera studied in Mexico are included

Producción masiva de Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) sobre el huésped de sustitución Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidop tera: Pyralidae): estudio de las condiciones óptimas

Trabajo presentado en las VI Jornadas del ICVV, celebradas en Logroño el 19 de diciembre de 2013.N

Laboratory rearing and life history of an emerging grape pest, Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Several aspects of the biology of Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier), an emerging grape pest, were studied under laboratory conditions. Four diets were tested to rear this species in the laboratory. Among them, only one made rearing from larva to adult possible. The highest mortality, in all cases, was recorded during the first days of larval development. Larvae were kept 45 days at 8°C to break diapause in order to reduce the normal field larval developmental time. The species' developmental time was similar between sexes, while pupal developmental time and weight were significantly greater for females than for males. As part of a complementary study, life table parameters of females obtained from the larvae reared on the artificial diet were compared to those of females emerged from field-infested grape root wood. Both laid the majority of eggs in the first two weeks after emergence, and they had a similar pre-laying period. Nevertheless, the females from the diet-reared larvae lived significantly longer, laid eggs over a longer period of time and showed higher fertility than those emerging from infested grape root, suggesting that diet fulfils larval nutritional needs. The species' laboratory-reared population exhibited a low intrinsic growth rate value (rm=0.01) as a result of its long egg-to-adult developmental time and its high larval mortality. © Copyright Cambridge University Press 2011.We are thankful to Dr F. Ortego for critically reviewing the manuscript. This research work has been funded by the Spanish Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (INIA), project No. RTA04–117-C2.Peer Reviewe

Gestión integrada en vid

Trabajo presentado en el 12º Symposium Nacional de Sanidad Vegetal (Hacia la Gestión Integrada de Plagas), celebrado en Sevilla del 23 al 25 de enero de 2013.Peer Reviewe

Paisaje del viñedo y biodiversidad

Trabajo presentado en la Jornada Paisaje Cultural del vino y el Viñedo, patrimonio europeo, celebrada en Vitoria-Gasteiz el 12 de septiembre de 2014.El paisaje del viñedo es un resultado de la actividad humana en constante evolución. La actividad agrícola que permite el desarrollo de las poblaciones humanas también genera una pérdida progresiva de biodiversidad que amenaza la sostenibilidad de los propios sistemas. Recuperar una parte de esta biodiversidad es el objetivo del proyecto Biodivine así como demostrar que determinadas acciones ecológicas pueden tener un efecto positivo en el paisaje, en la biodiversidad funcional del viñedo, que favorece su sostenibilidad, y en la sostenibilidad económica y calidad de vida de las poblaciones que habitan ese paisaje.Peer Reviewe

Preferencia del parasitoide "Trichogramma cacoeciae" (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) por huevos de diferentes huéspedes

Se ha evaluado la preferencia de Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal por cuatro huéspedes (Lobesia botrana Den. y Schiff., Ephestia khueniella Zeller, Spodoptera exigua Hübner y Plodia interpunctella Hübner), por medio de ensayos de no elección, elección por parejas y elección múltiple. Se han utilizado como indicadores de preferencia el número de individuos adultos producidos (absoluto o en porcentaje) y la proporción sexual de la progenie producida. Trichogramma cacoeciae parasito y se desarrolló en los 4 huéspedes. Por lo general, E. kuehniella fue la especie más parasitada. Por el contrario, la especie menos atacada fue S. exigua. La proporción sexual permaneció inalterada en todos los casos, por lo que resulto ineficaz para evaluar la preferencia.The preference of Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal for four hosts (Lobesia botrana Den. y Schiff., Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Spodoptera exigua Hübner and Plodia interpunctella Hübner) was evaluated using no choice, paired-choice and multiple choice assays. The number of adults produced (in absolute or percentage terms) and the sex proportion of said progeny were used to measure preference. T. cacoeciae parasitized and developed in all four hosts. In general, E. kuehniella was the most parasitized species. On the contrary, S. exigua was the least attacked species. Sex ratio remained the same in all cases, thus rendering it useless as a measure of preference

Análisis geoestadístico de la distribución espacio-temporal de "Lobesia Botrana" (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en Rioja Alta (España)

The space-time distribution of L. botrana was analyzed in Rioja Alta recording catches in sex pheromone traps. The mean number of weekly catches in traps was impacted both by year as by generation. Mathematical models were drawn up for the weeks of highest population density and revealed space dependence, which varied between 4.5 km and 28 km. The total number of captures per year and per trap as well as the week of the first catch were subject to the impact of year and location. The peak population for the first generation was influenced by the catch of the first week. The contour maps for the number of catches are useful for the identification of the main zones of infestation of the pest, and those generated for the time variables week of the first catch and week of first generation peak allow us to estimate the pest population peaks.Se ha analizado la distribución espacio-temporal de Lobesia botrana en Rioja Alta utilizando trampas cebadas con feromona sexual femenina. El número medio de capturas semanales se vio afectado por el año y por la generación. Se desarrollaron modelos matemáticos para las semanas de mayor densidad poblacional, que mostraron una dependencia espacial que varió entre 4.5 km y 28 km. El número total de capturas por año y trampa, así como la semana de primera captura, se vieron afectados por el año y la localización. El pico poblacional de la primera generación se vio influido por la semana de primera captura. Los mapas de contorno del número de capturas resultaron útiles para identificar las principales zonas de infestación del insecto, y los generados para las variables temporales semana de primera captura y semana de pico de primera generación permiten predecir los picos poblacionales de la plaga