255 research outputs found

    Training Analysis: A Historical View

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    L’analisi didattica: una prospettiva storicaRiassunto: Il carattere obbligatorio dell’analisi didattica, ossia l’analisi personale cui ogni candidato a diventare psicoanalista deve sottoporsi, era una pratica vigente presso tutte le istituzioni psicoanalitiche già al tempo di Freud. E tuttavia, quel che all’inizio si era configurato come un’aggiunta non particolarmente gravosa all’addestramento analitico, si è poi trasformato in qualcosa di molto diverso. Le scuole psicoanalitiche hanno mostrato scarso impegno nello stabilire l’efficacia dell’analisi personale, mediante la promozione di studi empirici o semplicemente tramite un più dettagliato esame della sua legittimità teorica (questione che esula dalla necessità della sua completezza, costantemente rimarcata), nonostante si tratti di una pratica che richiede centinaia di ore di analisi e un ingente esborso di danaro per il candidato analista. La grande resistenza versola messa in questione di questa pratica va di pari passo con la persistente circolazione di una serie di leggende sulle sue origini. Una dettagliata disamina storica offrirà del materiale interessante per proporre alcune considerazioni che mostrano come il costume di chiedere l’analisi didattica sia sostenuta da motivazioni di natura istituzionale piuttosto che da necessità teoriche o da evidenze empiriche.Parole chiave: Analisi didattica; Storia della psicoanalisi; Sigmund Freud; Carl Gustav Jung; Sandor Ferenczi. Abstract - The obligatory nature of training analysis, i.e. of the personal analysis of every candidate analyst, was adopted by all psychoanalytic institutes in Freud’s lifetime. But what had initially been a not particularly burdensome addition to training was subsequently transformed into something quite different. Years of analysis: hundreds of hours at vast expense to the candidate, in the face of a basic unconcern on the part of the schools about undertaking empirical studies or even just examining more closely the theoretical justification (apart from the constantly reasserted need for completeness) for such a commitment. The considerable resistance to questioning this practice goes hand in hand with the persistent circulation of a series of legends about its origin. An accurate historical review should offer interesting matter for consideration, showing how the custom of requiring training analysis is underpinned by reasons of an institutional nature rather than by theoretical necessity or empirical findings.Keywords: Training Analysis; History of Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud; Carl Gustav Jung; Sandor Ferenczi

    Quale modello psicodinamico per ricostruire l'origine dell'identità?

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    Riassunto: Quale modello psicodinamico dovrebbe essere il punto di riferimento per discutere l’ontogenesi della personalità individuale? In questo commento verrà preso in esame uno degli assunti impliciti dello scritto di Barbieri: il fatto che le teorie di autori molto diversi come Bion, Mahler, Lacan e Stern possano essere utilizzate come elementi di una proposta univoca riguardo allo sviluppo psicologico. In effetti, molti degli autori citati da Barbieri hanno avanzato proposte di modelli assai diversi a proposito della nascita psicologica del bambino e della sua relazione con l’oggetto, termine che in psicoanalisi significa in generale “l’altro significativo”. Verranno inoltre menzionati alcuni contributi recenti dell’Infant Research.Parole chiave: Identità personale; Psicoanalisi; Sviluppo psicologico; Relazioni oggettuali; Infant Research. Which Psychodynamic Model to Reconstruct the Origin of Personal Identity?Abstract: Which psychodynamic model should serve as the fundamental reference in discussing the ontogenesis of personal identity? In this commentary, one of Barbieri’s implicit assumptions will be discussed. He relies on the theories of several authors like Bion, Mahler, Lacan and Stern, using their suggestions as convergent elements in a unified proposal concerning human psychological development. Nevertheless, many of these authors outlined very different models of the psychological birth of the infant and his/her relationship with the object, which means in psychoanalysis the “significant other”. Some recent contributions to Infant Research will be mentioned as well.Keywords: Personal Identity; Psychoanalysis; Psychological Development; Object Relations; Infant Research

    Lo specchio dell'ambivalenza: Wittgenstein e la psicoanalisi

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    Riassunto - Il rapporto tra Wittgenstein e Freud è stato oggetto di interesse da parte di diversi critici ed è stato variamente interpretato. Questo scritto prende spunto da un fatto apparentemente poco notato: l’atteggiamento di Wittgenstein verso la psicoanalisi risulta oltremodo ambivalente: viene evidenziato come tale circostanza costituisca una delle necessarie chiavi di lettura sia delle critiche, sia degli apprezzamenti verso Freud. Viene esaminato quanto delle critiche di Wittgenstein sia legittimamente indirizzato contro il pensiero freudiano e quanto sia frutto di una lettura fortemente idiosincratica. Viene anche evidenziato come tali critiche, anche quando legittime nei confronti di Freud, risultino superate dagli sviluppi post-freudiani della psicoanalisi. Viene infine esposta l’ipotesi che la psicoanalisi come tale, postulando l’esistenza dell’inconscio, sia incompatibile con una delle idee più radicate nel pensiero del secondo Wittgenstein: l’impossibilità del “linguaggio privato”.Parole-chiave: Wittgenstein; Freud; Epistemologia; Psicoanalisi; Filosofia della psicologia.  The Mirror of Ambivalence: Wittgenstein and PsychoanalysisAbstract - The relationship between Witt-genstein and Freud has intrigued many critics and has been interpreted in various ways. However,  few people have noted how Wittgenstein’s view of psychoanalysis is marked by deep ambivalence – a fact that cannot be overlooked in interpreting both his appreciation and criticism of Freud. This paper discusses how Wittgenstein’s arguments contra Freud, even where justifiable and not merely idiosyncratic, have been surpassed by the post-Freudian developments in psychoanalytic theory. Moreover, it is suggested that psychoanalysis itself, by  postulating the existence of the unconscious, is incompatible with one of the most deep-rooted ideas in the “second Wittgenstein” – that is, the impossibility of a “private language”.Keywords: Wittgenstein; Freud; Epistemology; Psychoanalysis; Philosophy of Psychology

    Training Analysis: A Historical View

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    The obligatory nature of training analysis, i.e. of the personal analysis of every candidate analyst, was adopted by all psychoanalytic institutes in Freud’s lifetime. But what had initially been a not particularly burdensome addition to training was subsequently transformed into something quite different. Years of analysis: hundreds of hours at vast expense to the candidate, in the face of a basic unconcern on the part of the schools about undertaking empirical studies or even just examining more closely the theoretical justification (apart from the constantly reasserted need for completeness) for such a commitment. The considerable resistance to questioning this practice goes hand in hand with the persistent circulation of a series of legends about its origin. An accurate historical review should offer interesting matter for consideration, showing how the custom of requiring training analysis is underpinned by reasons of an institutional nature rather than by theoretical necessity or empirical findings

    Rank, Ferenczi, Reich: tre riforme della Psicoanalisi - tre uscite dal Movimento psicoanalitico

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    Rank, Ferenczi e Reich costituiscono, in conclusione, i rappresentanti di tre diversi tentativi di riformare la psicoanalisi “dall’interno” senza successo immediato. L’agenda da loro dettata consisteva nella riforma della tecnica nel senso dell’abbreviazione della terapia e intervento sul sociale. Il loro isolamento finale impedì che istanze positive venissero accolte e, d’altra parte, contribuì forse all’involuzione del loro pensiero. Proprio la stessa agenda che valse loro l’emarginazione è tuttavia tornata di estrema attualità oggi. La possibile speranza è che il mondo psicoanalitico non veda in nuovi riformatori dei corpi estranei da espellere ma ne valorizzi tutto il potenziale.</p

    LaDy: software for assessing local landscape diversity profiles of raster land cover maps using geographic windows

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    Landscape ecology starts from the assumption that diversity and spatial arrangement of ecosystem mosaics have ecological implications and tries to understand the interactions between diversity and structure of large spatially heterogeneous areas and their ecological functions. These assumptions imply effective use of earth observation techniques and geographic information systems, enabling a global view of the landscape mosaics. In this paper, a software, LaDy (Landscape Diversity Software), for computing Re´nyi’s local landscape diversity profile on raster land cover maps is presented. LaDy is based on the use of Merchant’s adaptive geographic window, which is designed to operate on a neighborhood of patches instead of a fixed rectangular neighborhood of pixels (the conventional approach in image analysis).L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore www.elsevier.co

    Partial Androgen Deficiency, Depression, and Testosterone Supplementation in Aging Men

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    The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the correlation between depressive symptoms with a syndrome called partial androgen deficiency of the aging male (PADAM) and on the potential benefits of testosterone (T) treatment on mood. Despite, the causative nature of the relationship between low T levels and depression is uncertain, many hypogonadal men suffer from depression and vice versa several depressed patients are affected by hypogonadism. Supplementation with testosterone failed to show sound evidence of effectiveness in the treatment of depression. Nevertheless, testosterone supplementation has proved to be effective on some domains significant for the quality of life of aged patients with PADAM (sexual function and cognitive functions, muscular strengths)

    An MMPI-2 hopelessness scale: Construction, initial validation and implication for suicide risk

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    This study documents the development of a new MMPI-2 scale, Hopelessness (Hp), designed to identify suicide risk in examinees who, for whatever reason, may be reluctant to endorse items reflecting explicit suicide content. The psychometric and empirical validity characteristics were examined in a sample of 153 Italian psychiatric inpatients, all of whom were administered the MMPI-2, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) shortly following admission.Item analysis suggested that the removal of one of the twelve original Hp items enhanced homogeneity of the scale and Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (BCFA) indicated the fit of a unidimensional model (PPPs = 0.50 [PPC = -36.42/37.07]) for the 11-item version, with adequate reliability (ordinal alpha = 0.86). A regression analysis, with the MINI scores as criterion, and Hp and BHS scores as independent variables, indicated that only Hp scores (beta = 0.25, t = 2.32, p < 0.05) were independently associated with the MINI suicide risk. These findings indicate that the MMPI-2 Hp scale may be considered a valid and potentially useful measure of pessimistic attitudes toward the future and of potential suicide risk
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