Qualidade de habitat e métricas de macroinvertebrados bentônicos associadas a diferentes tipos de uso do solo

Os ecossistemas aquáticos estão sob fortes modificações antrópicas. Assim, comunidades biológicas dependentes desses ambientes também são alteradas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do desenvolvimento urbano em um ecossistema impactado. Foram selecionadas 15 seções de amostragem ao longo do Ribeirão Vermelho e em cada uma foi amostrada a comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e avaliada a diversidade de habitat e qualidade da água. Observou-se um gradiente de impacto ao longo do ribeirão, com alguns pontos de referência classificados como naturais e outros como impactados. Houve diferença significativa em todos os indicadores biológicos utilizados. O número total de táxons, riqueza de Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera, e os índices de diversidade, de qualidade da água e porcentagem de herbívoros, trituradores e predadores foram significativamente maiores nos pontos classificados como naturais e impactados. As abundâncias relativas de coletores, filtradores, quironomídeos e parasitas foram significativamente menores em sítios classificados como naturais em relação aos impactados. ­Observou-se que as métricas das comunidades bentônicas de macroinvertebrados e o Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida da Diversidade de Habitat foram influenciados pela degradação ambiental, sendo estas ferramentas úteis para ações de planejamento e desenvolvimento para a preservação de bacias hidrográficas e a priorização de sistemas de transmissão de alto valor para proteção e reabilitação de ecossistemas aquáticos.Aquatic ecosystems are under severe anthropogenic modifications. Thus, the dependent biological communities in these environments are also changed. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of urban development in a highly impacted ecosystem. We selected 15 sampling points along the stream Ribeirão Vermelho, in which were sampled benthic macroinvertebrates and assessed the water and habitat diversity. It was found an impact gradient, with some the reference points classified as natural and others as impacted. There was a significant difference in all biological indicators used. The total number of taxa, the wealth of Diptera, the taxa Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, and the diversity indices, the Water Quality Indices, and the percentage of herbivores crushers and predators were significantly higher in points classified as natural and changed. The relative abundances of collectors, filter feeding, chironomids and parasites were significantly lower in sites classified as natural in relation to impacted ones. The metrics of the macroinvertebrate community benthic and Habitat Diversity Protocol were influenced by environmental degradation, being a useful tool for planning and development actions for the preservation of watersheds and the prioritization of high-value transmission systems for protection and rehabilitation of aquatic ecosystem

Bone response to a Ca- and P-enriched titanium surface obtained by anodization

This study evaluated bone response to a Ca- and P- enriched titanium (Ti) surface treated by a multiphase anodic spark deposition coating (BSP-AK). Two mongrel dogs received bilateral implantation of 3 Ti cylinders (4.1 x 12 mm) in the humerus, being either BSP-AK treated or untreated (machined - control). At 8 weeks postimplantation, bone fragments containing the implants were harvested and processed for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. Bone formation was observed in cortical area and towards the medullary canal associated to approximately 1/3 of implant extension. In most cases, in the medullary area, collagen fiber bundles were detected adjacent and oriented parallel to Ti surfaces. Such connective tissue formation exhibited focal areas of mineralized matrix lined by active osteoblasts. The mean percentages of bone-to-implant contact were 2.3 (0.0-7.2 range) for BSP-AK and 0.4 (0.0-1.3 range) for control. Although the Mann-Whitney test did not detect statistically significant differences between groups, these results indicate a trend of BSP-AK treated surfaces to support contact osteogenesis in an experimental model that produces low bone-to-implant contact values.O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a resposta do tecido ósseo à superfície de titânio (Ti) enriquecida com Ca e P obtida por anodização (BSP-AK). Três cilindros de Ti (4,1 x 12 mm) BSP-AK ou usinado (controle) foram implantados bilateralmente nos úmeros de dois cães de raça indefinida. Oito semanas após a implantação, os fragmentos ósseos contendo os implantes foram removidos e processados para análises histológica e histomorfométrica. A formação óssea foi observada na região cortical e no canal medular até aproximadamente um terço da extensão do implante. Na maioria dos casos, feixes de fibras colágenas dispostos paralelamente à superfície do implante foram observados na região medular. Nessa região observaram-se também áreas focais de formação de matriz mineralizada e osteoblastos ativos. Os implantes do grupo BSP-AK apresentaram média de contato osso-implante 2,3%, com medidas variando de 0,0 a 7,2% e os do grupo controle tiveram média 0,4%, com medidas variando de 0,0 a 1,3%. Apesar do teste de Mann-Whitney não mostrar diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, nossos resultados indicaram uma tendência para a ocorrência de osteogênese de contato na superfície BSP-AK em um modelo experimental que resulta em baixos valores de contato osso-implante.FAPES

Tomographic imaging of ionospheric plasma bubbles based on GNSS and radio occultation measurements

Total electron content measurements given by the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) have successfully presented results to capture the signatures of equatorial plasma bubbles. In contrast, the correct reproduction of plasma depletions at electron density level is still a relevant challenge for ionospheric tomographic imaging. In this regard, this work shows the first results of a new tomographic reconstruction technique based on GNSS and radio-occultation data to map the vertical and horizontal distributions of ionospheric plasma bubbles in one of the most challenging conditions of the equatorial region. Twenty-three days from 2013 and 2014 with clear evidence of plasma bubble structures propagating through the Brazilian region were analyzed and compared with simultaneous observations of all-sky images in the 630.0 nm emission line of the atomic oxygen. The mean rate of success of the tomographic method was 37.1%, being more efficient near the magnetic equator, where the dimensions of the structures are larger. Despite some shortcomings of the reconstruction technique, mainly associated with ionospheric scintillations and the weak geometry of the ground-based GNSS receivers, both vertical and horizontal distributions were mapped over more than 30° in latitude, and have been detected in instances where the meteorological conditions disrupted the possibility of analyzing the OI 630 nm emissions. Therefore, the results revealed the proposed tomographic reconstruction as an efficient tool for mapping characteristics of the plasma bubble structures, which may have a special interest in Space Weather, Spatial Geodesy, and Telecommunications.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Casting the light of the theory of opposition onto Hohfeld's fundamental legal concepts

At the core of Hohfeld's contribution to legal theory is a conceptual framework for the analysis of the legal positions occupied by agents in intersubjective legal relations. Hohfeld presented a system of eight fundamental concepts relying on notions of opposition and correlation. Throughout the years, a number of authors have followed Hohfeld in applying the notion of opposition to analyze legal concepts. Many of these authors have accounted for Hohfeld's theory in direct analogy with the standard deontic hexagon. This paper reviews some of these accounts and extends them employing recent developments from opposition theory. In particular, we are able to extend application of opposition theory to an open conception of the law. We also account for the implications of abandoning the assumption of conflict-freedom and admitting seemingly conflicting legal positions. This enables a fuller analysis of Hohfeld's conceptual analytical framework. We also offer a novel analysis of Hohfeld's power positions.</p

GPS Scintillations and Total Electron Content Climatology in the Southern American Sector

The radio communication and navigation systems can be strongly affected by the ionospheric conditions, which are controlled by solar phenomena associated with radiation variations and solar wind disturbances. These phenomena can generate ionospheric large-scale plasma redistribution and irregularities with scale sizes varying from centimeters to hundred kilometers. These ionospheric irregularities can produce rapid fluctuations in the amplitude and phase of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, degrading the accuracy of GNSS measurements. Here we give a short review of the ionospheric variations associated with solar phenomena, and the actual state of art in the investigations of long-term (seasonal and solar cycle scales) TEC variations and climatology of scintillations, with focus on the southern American sector. It also presented a new TEC calibration procedure when applied to single-frequency PPP

Desempenho fotossintético e trocas gasosas de genótipos de eucalipto na fase inicial de desenvolvimento sob deficit hídrico

Brazil has been cultivating eucalyptus since the beginning of the 20th century and with the development of eucalyptus plantations, over the years there has been an expansion of these planted areas to other regions of the country, where strong environmental tensions can negatively impact survival and/or growth of these species. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the photosynthetic performance and gas exchange in six eucalyptus genotypes in the initial phase under water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal do Acre and a completely randomized design, in a 6x2 factorial scheme, was adopted, with six eucalyptus genotypes, two water regimes (irrigated and non-irrigated) and five replications. Gas exchange and chlorophyll a parameters were evaluated after 15 days, using the IRGA, model Li-6400XT (LI-COR Inc., CA, USA) with a fluorometer (model Li-6400-40) attached. Also measured were: DM, R/Pa and ABM. The data obtained by the base experiment showed significant differences between the water treatments studied. In the gas exchange and chlorophyll “a” fluorescence analyses, the RIP01 and AEC0601 genotypes stood out. As for R/Pa, the genotypes AEC0601 and LCFA030 showed better results and as for ABM, LCFA030 presented a statistically significant relationship.O Brasil cultiva o eucalipto desde o início do século XX e com o desenvolvimento da eucaliptocultura, verifica-se ao longo dos anos uma expansão dessas áreas plantadas para outras regiões do país, em que fortes tensões ambientais podem impactar negativamente a sobrevivência e/ou crescimento destas espécies. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho fotossintético e as trocas gasosas em seis genótipos de eucalipto na fase inicial sob deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Acre e o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 6x2 (seis espécies e híbridos de eucalipto, dois regimes hídricos (irrigado e não-irrigado)), com cinco repetições. As trocas gasosas e os parâmetros de clorofila a foram avaliadas após 15 dias, utilizando-se o IRGA, modelo Li-6400XT (LI-COR Inc., CA, EUA) com um fluorômetro (modelo Li-6400-40) acoplado. Também foram mensurados: DM, R/Pa e ABM. Os dados obtidos pelo experimento base mostraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos hídricos estudados. Nas análises de troca gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila “a”, os genótipos RIP01 e AEC0601 destacaram-se. Quanto a R/Pa os genótipos AEC0601e LCFA030 apresentaram melhores resultados e quanto à ABM, o LCFA030 apresentou relação estatística significativa

Biodiversity of Insecta in Amazonia: Updating the geographic records of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in Acre and Rondônia States, Brazil

The Acre and Rondônia states in Brazil are part of Western Amazon rainforest in Brazil, an area harboring high biodiversity and high degree of endemisms Nevertheless, there are few studies on diversity of social wasps occurring in both states. This study presents a list of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) collected using three modified Malaise traps model: Townes, Gressit and Gressit, and suspended traps in two localities in Acre and two in Rondônia state.  A total of 60 species were collected, 20 of these species are new distribution records to Acre state and 54 species, 15 of these species are new distribution records to Rondônia state. Some species are not commonly found in the collections and lists of species, and some are recorded for the first or second time to Brazil or the Amazon region. Now there are 114 species (19 genera) for Acre and 116 species (19 genera) for Rondônia. This increase may be an indication that the Polistinae richness is probably higher in the regions studied and that Acre and Rondônia may well contain a number of additional (as yet unrecorded) social wasp species. He we present an updated about the geographic records of social wasps’ fauna in both states

Avaliação do programa “Circuito Sul-mineiro de Cafeicultura†nas regiões Sul e Sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais

Aiming at the maintenance of the prominence of the South Minas coffee culture in the national scenario, the state of Minas Gerais, by means of its public institutions, has created a regional development program to meet the main problems concerning regional coffee production. With that purpose, the Southern Minas Ambit of Coffee culture was established, in search of the following objectives: to improve the quality of coffee, keep and create new employments, increase yield, reduce production costs and, as a consequence, improve the coffee farmers’ income. Nevertheless, in spite of the importance of such program as a subside for the solution of the problems concerning to coffee production of the Southern and Southeastern regions of the state of Minas Gerais, it has not, as of yet, been evaluated. Therefore, this work was conducted with a view to evaluating the Southern Minas Ambit of Coffee Culture, by taking into account a methodological approach oriented by different research methods as to the results achieved. By this research, it was stressed that the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods proved to be an adequate and complementary approach to extract data and evaluate the program under focus. Also verified were evidences that the objectives stated by the Program were partially achieved, based on the perceptions of coffee farmers, they who are the direct users of the Program.evaluation, rural development, coffee.,

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF ANTICOAGULANTS USED IN BLOOD COLLECTION TO DETERMINE BLOOD PARAMETERS OF FREE-LIVING STINGRAYS FROM THE Potamotrygon GENUS (ELASMOBRANCHII: POTAMOTRYGONIDAE)

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia de três anticoagulantes em parâmetros sanguíneos de arraias cururu Potamotrygon sp. O sangue de dez animais foi coletado e diluído nos anticoagulantes: EDTA 5% e 10%, heparina 2.500 e 5.000 UI e citrato de sódio 3,2%, outra parte do sangue também foi analisada sem anticoagulante.  O sangue de 20% e 30% das amostras de sangue que não continha anticoagulante e citrato de sódio (3,2%), respectivamente, coagularam.  Grumos de células foram observados durante a contagem de eritrócitos em 30% das amostras com EDTA 10%, 40% das amostras com heparina 2.500 UI e 60% das amostras com heparina 5.000 UI. Não foram observadas alterações no eritrograma da arraia cururu com diferentes anticoagulantes, os valores da glicose plasmática foram semelhantes em todos os grupos, enquanto os níveis de proteínas totais foram menores nas amostras coletadas com EDTA 5% e 10%. Em arraias Potamotrygon sp., para a conservação de amostras de sangue não é recomendado o uso de citrato de sódio 3.2%, porém, para a determinação da glicose plasmática e do eritrograma os anticoagulantes usados não influenciaram os parâmetros analisados. Portanto, esses resultados indicam que para evitar qualquer sinal de coagulação do sangue deve ser coletadas amostras diretamente com qualquer uma dessas concentrações de anticoagulantes.Palavras-chave: potamotrigonídeos, anticoagulantes, sangue, hematologia.This study assessed the effectiveness of three anticoagulants in blood parameters of "cururu" stingrays Potamotrygon cf. histrix. Blood from ten individuals were collected and diluted with anticoagulants EDTA 5% and 10%, heparin 2500 and 5000 UI and sodium citrate 3.2%. A blood sample without anticoagulant was also evaluated. The blood of samples without anticoagulant and with sodium citrate 3.2% coagulated in 20% and 30% of the cases, respectively. Clumps of cells were observed during erythrocyte counting in 30% of samples with EDTA 10%, 40% of samples with heparin 2500 IU and 60% of samples with heparin 5000 IU. No alterations were observed on the erythrogram of "cururu" stingrays with different anticoagulants, the values of plasma glucose were similar in all groups and total protein levels were lower in the samples with EDTA 5% and 10%. The use of sodium citrate 3.2% is not recommended for blood sample conservation of Potamotrygon cf. histrix. stingrays, but anticoagulants did not affect the parameters analyzed in the determination of plasma glucose and erythrogram. Therefore, these results indicate that in order to blood coagulation the samples should be collected directly with any of these anticoagulants concentrations.Keywords: potamotrygonid; anticoagulants; blood; hematology