Desempenho, rendimento e características da carne de codornas que receberam rações contendo glicerina vegetal e mista

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of vegetable and mixed glycerin in the diet of broiler quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) on animal performance, yield of carcass and organs, and physical and sensory characteristics of the meat. A total of 432 quails aged 1–42 days were used in a completely randomized design with a 4×2+1 factorial arrangement (5, 10, 15, and 20% inclusion of vegetable or mixed glycerin, besides one treatment without glycerin) with 4 replicates of 12 birds each. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, yield (carcass, breast, thigh+drumstick, heart, liver, gizzard, and abdominal fat), and physical and sensory characteristics of the meat. The diet containing mixed glycerin resulted in higher feed intake and feed conversion. The yield of carcass, meat cuts, and organs, as well as the sensory characteristics of the meat, did not vary between the treatments. Abdominal fat content and shear strength were higher in birds fed diets containing vegetable glycerin. The tested glycerin and levels do not interfere with weight gain, yield, and sensory quality of the meat. However, weight gain and feed conversion are lower when mixed glycerin is used, although meat tenderness is higher when 15% vegetable glycerin is used.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de glicerinas vegetal e mista na dieta de codorna de corte (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) sobre o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e de órgãos, e as características físicas e sensoriais da carne. Utilizaram-se 432 codornas com 1 a 42 dias de idade, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no arranjo fatorial 4×2+1 (5, 10, 15 e 20% de inclusão de glicerina vegetal ou mista, mais um tratamento sem glicerina), com 4 repetições e 12 aves cada uma. Avaliaram-se o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, rendimento (de carcaça, peito, coxa+sobrecoxa, coração, fígado, moela e gordura abdominal) e características físicas e sensoriais da carne. A dieta com glicerina mista proporcionou maior consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. O rendimento de carcaça, cortes, órgãos, bem como as características sensoriais da carne, não variaram entre os tratamentos. Já a gordura abdominal e a força de cisalhamento foram maiores nas aves que consumiram ração contendo glicerina vegetal. Os níveis e as glicerinas testados não interferem no ganho de peso, nem nos rendimentos e na qualidade sensorial da carne. No entanto, há prejuízo no ganho de peso e na conversão alimentar quando se utiliza glicerina mista, embora a maciez da carne seja maior quando se utilizam 15% de glicerina vegetal

EMBARCAÇÃO SOLAR DE PEQUENO PORTE COMO OBJETO DE PESQUISA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO E DIVULGAÇÃO DO USO DE TECNOLOGIAS ASSOCIADAS À ENERGIAS LIMPAS

Como proposta alternativa à veículos que popularmente utilizam motores a combustão de baixa eficiência e elevado impacto ambiental, este projeto busca estudar e desenvolver cada um dos componentes necessários para a construção de uma embarcação energeticamente eficiente, a fim de substituir a queima de combustíveis fósseis pela captação de energia solar por painéis fotovoltaicos. Abrangendo estudos em diversas subáreas da mecânica e elétrica, o barco solar de pequeno porte brevemente descrito neste artigo é desenvolvido para utilização em ralis nos quais toda a energia disponível para a propulsão dos veículos é proveniente da luz do sol. Buscando demonstrar a aplicabilidade dos veículos solares e promover o uso de tecnologias mais sustentáveis que primam pela eficiência energética, é apresentado o funcionamento de cada parte da embarcação, contendo a descrição dos principais dispositivos necessários para o controle, monitoração e segurança deste tipo de embarcação.

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio