The measurement of the adhesion force between ceramic particles and metal matrix in ceramic reinforced-metal matrix composites

This paper presents the method for measurement of the adhesion force and fracture strength of the interface between ceramic particles and metal matrix in ceramic reinforced-metal matrix composites. Three samples with the following Cu to Al2O3 ratio (in vol.%) were prepared: 98.0Cu/2.0Al2O3, 95.0Cu/5.0Al2O3 and 90Cu/10Al2O3. Furthermore, microwires which contain a few ceramic particles were produced by means of electro etching. The microwires with clearly exposed interface were tested with use of the microtensile tester (Fig. 1). The microtensile tester consists of two stages, to which two endings of the microwire are fixed. The first stage is able to measure force with the precision equal to 0.1 mN. The microwires usually break exactly at the interface between the metal matrix and ceramic particle. The force and the interface area were carefully measured and then the fracture strength of the interface was determined. The strength of the interface between ceramic particle and metal matrix was equal to 59±8 MPa and 59±11 MPa in the case of 2% and 5% Al2O3 to Cu ratio, respectively. On the other hand, it was significantly lower (38±5 MPa) for the wires made of composite with 10% Al2O

Deoxyribonucleoside Phosphoramidites

The detailed preparation of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites bearing a 4‐[N‐methyl‐N‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroacetyl)amino]butyl group for P(III) protection is presented. The use of this group circumvents nucleobase alkylation during oligonucleotide deprotection. Two syntheses of phosphoramidites starting from either a phosphordichloridite precursor or a bis‐(N,N‐diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine intermediate are described for the phosphinylation of suitably protected deoxyribonucleosides.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143622/1/cpnc0207.pd

Fully conjugated [4] chrysaorene. Redox-coupled anion binding in a tetraradicaloid macrocycle

[4]Chrysaorene, a fully conjugated carbocyclic coronoid, is shown to be a low-bandgap π-conjugated system with a distinct open-shell character. The system shows good chemical stability and can be oxidized to well-defined radical cation and dication states. The cavity of [4]chrysaorene acts as an anion receptor toward halide ions with a particular selectivity toward iodides (Ka = 207 ± 6 M–1). The interplay between anion binding and redox chemistry is demonstrated using a 1H NMR analysis in solution. In particular, a well-resolved, paramagnetically shifted spectrum of the [4]chrysaorene radical cation is observed, providing evidence for the inner binding of the iodide. The radical cation–iodide adduct can be generated in thin solid films of [4] chrysaorene by simple exposure to diiodine vapor

The current state of knowledge on the prevention of venous thromboembolism in orthopaedic and trauma surgery — selected topics

Profilaktyka żylnej choroby zakrzepowo-zatorowej w ortopedii i traumatologii narządu ruchu należy do zagadnień najlepiej zbadanych i opracowanych w formie szczegółowych zaleceń i protokołów postępowania oraz do najszybciej rozwijających się w całym zakresie problematyki zakrzepowej. Najnowsze doniesienia naukowe dotyczące tego zagadnienia zmuszają do nieustannej modyfikacji podglądów oraz aktualizacji zasad jej stosowania. Zmiany te mogą być publikowane jako opracowania indywidualne lub prace zespołów badawczych powoływanych w tym celu przez stowarzyszenia naukowe. Takim przedsięwzięciem było wyodrębnienie interdyscyplinarnej grupy specjalistów, której celem było określenie aktualnego stanu wiedzy i opracowanie propozycji zaleceń dotyczących wybranych zagadnień z zakresu profilaktyki żylnej choroby zakrzepowo-zatorowej. Grupa ta działała pod auspicjami Prezesa Polskiego Towarzystwa Ortopedycznego i Traumatologicznego oraz Prezesa Polskiej Fundacji do Walki z Zakrzepicą THROMBOSIS. Wyniki prac zespołu zawarto w poniższym opracowaniu. Acta Angiol 2011; 17, 1: 1–36Prevention of venous thromboembolism in orthopaedic and trauma surgery is one of the best-studied topics, with respect to which the most detailed recommendations and management protocols have been drawn up. It is also the fastest-developing area of the study of thrombotic conditions. The most recent reports make us continually modify our views and update the principles of its use. These changes may be published by individual authors or by research teams appointed for this particular purpose by scientific societies. An example of such efforts was the appointment of a multidisciplinary group of specialists whose aim was to determine the current state of knowledge on the prevention of VTE and to propose recommendations on selected aspects of this topic. The group carried out its activities under the auspices of the Chair of the Polish Society of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeons and the Chair of the Polish Foundation Against Thrombosis. This paper presents the results of this team’s efforts. Acta Angiol 2011; 17, 1: 1–3

Natryskiwanie łukowe powłok Fe-Al

abstractEN: The paper presents preliminary results of research on theproduction of composite coatings from the Fe-Al systemwith participation of intermetallic phases in-situ using arcspraying. The spraying process was carried out by simultaneouslymelting two different electrode wires, aluminium andsteel. The aim of the research is to create protective coatingswith a composite structure with a significant participationof FexAly as a intermetallic phases reinforcement. The synthesis of intermetallic takes place during the (in-situ) spraying process. Currently most of coatings involving intermetallic phases are being manufactured by different thermal sprayingmethods using coating materials in form of prefabricatedpowders containing intermetallic phases. The obtained results showed that the local occurrence of intermetallic phases from the Fe-Al system, and the dominant componentsof the structure are two phases, aluminium solid solutionsin iron and iron in aluminium. The participation of intermetallic phases in the coating is relatively low, but it’s effecton the properties of the coating material is significant.score: 9collation: 62-6

BOOK REVIEWS

Leonard Łukaszuk, Współpraca i spory międzynarodowe na morzach. Wybrane zagadnienia prawa, polityki morskiej i ochrony środowiska, Wydawnictwo Difin, Warszawa 2009(rec. Marcin K a ł d u ń s k i), s. 217-219; Anna Rakowska, Kontrasygnata aktów głowy państwa w wybranych państwach europejskich, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2009(rec. Grzegorz C h m i e l e w s k i), s. 219-22