Eficácia de um grupo psicoeducacional com cuidadores de pessoas com demência

CONTEXTO: O uso de intervenções direcionadas ao cuidador objetiva a informação e a criação de estratégias de enfrentamento para o manejo das dificuldades causadas pela demência. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a relação entre a participação em um grupo psicoeducacional e a diminuição da sobrecarga e dos sintomas depressivos e ansiosos de cuidadores de pessoas com demência. MÉTODOS: Cuidadores (n = 18) avaliados longitudinalmente no momento linha de base e após seis meses de participação em grupo psicoeducacional. Utilizaram-se: Estadiamento Clínico das Demências (CDR), Questionário de Atividades Funcionais de Pfeffer (PFEFFER), Escala Cornell de Depressão na Demência (CORNELL), Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida na Doença de Alzheimer (QdV-DA), Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico (NPI), Inventário de Sobrecarga de Zarit (ZARIT), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI). RESULTADOS: No momento linha de base foi encontrada correlação entre a sobrecarga e sintomas depressivos dos cuidadores (p = 0,048). A análise das diferenças entre os dois momentos encontrou diminuição dos sintomas depressivos dos cuidadores no segundo momento (p = 0,011). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas demais variáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Os grupos psicoeducacionais podem ser considerados intervenções eficazes na diminuição dos sintomas depressivos de cuidadores de pessoas com demência.BACKGROUND: The use of intervention strategies aimed at dementia caregivers objectives the information and the creation of coping strategies to deal with the difficulties caused by dementia. OBJECTIVES: To assess the correlation between the participation in a psychoeducational group and the decrease of burden, and depressive and anxious symptoms of caregivers of people with dementia. METHODS: Caregivers (n = 18) assessed in a longitudinal study at baseline and after six months of participation in a psychoeducational group. There were used the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Quality of Life Scale in Alzheimer' Disease (QoL-AD), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: In the baseline, there was correlation between the burden and the caregivers' depressive symptoms (p = 0.048). The analysis of the differences between the baseline and the second moment has shown a decrease in caregivers' depressive symptoms in moment 2 (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in the other variables. DISCUSSION: Psychoeducational groups can be considered efficient interventions on the decrease of the depression of caregivers of people with dementia

Sexual satisfaction in dementia

CONTEXTO: A demência pode resultar em comprometimento da intimidade e sexualidade de casais idosos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar alterações na atividade sexual, bem como os fatores de satisfação e/ou insatisfação sexual de casais nos quais um dos parceiros possua demência. MÉTODO: Busca nas bases de dados ISI, PubMed/Medline e SciELO de artigos sobre sexualidade na demência, entre janeiro de 1990 e março de 2012, utilizando as palavras-chave: "demência", "satisfação sexual", "intimidade" e "sexualidade". RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 12 artigos. A sobrecarga de cuidados e a alteração de papéis na relação conjugal foram consideradas as principais causas para o declínio da atividade sexual. A disfunção erétil em pacientes e cônjuges, a capacidade decisória para o consentimento da relação sexual por parte do paciente demenciado e os problemas referentes à idade e à saúde (física e emocional) do cônjuge e/ou paciente foram os fatores associados à insatisfação sexual. CONCLUSÃO: A intimidade e a atividade sexual dos casais em que um dos parceiros é portador de demência são influenciadas negativamente pela relação de cuidados decorrente da doença e pela sobrecarga dos cônjuges. Por outro lado, a atividade sexual pode ser positivamente substituída por demonstrações de carinho e empatia entre os cônjuges.BACKGROUND: Dementia may result on impairment in intimacy and sexuality of elderly couples. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate changes in sexual activity, as well as the factors which cause sexual satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction in couples in which one of the partners has dementia. METHOD: A search at ISI, PubMed/Medline and SciELO was made for articles about sexuality in dementia, from January 1990 to March 2012, using the keywords: "dementia", "sexual satisfaction", "intimacy" and "sexuality". RESULTS: Twelve articles were selected. The burden of care and the change of roles in couples' relationship were the main reasons for decrease of sexual activity. Erectile dysfunction in patients and spouses, the decision-making capacity for sexual relationship from the patient who has dementia and the problems related to age and health (physical and emotional) of spouses and/or patients were considered as reasons associated with sexual dissatisfaction. DISCUSSION: When one partner has dementia, the couples' intimacy and sexual activity are negatively influenced by the relationship of care related to the disease and by the spouse's burden. On the other hand, sexual activity may be positively replaced by displays of affection and empathy between the couple

Developing dementia: The existensial experience of the quality of life With young-onset dementia- A longitudinal case study

Background Cognition and the ability to take care of daily activities and oneself gradually declines among people with dementia. Studies are scarce, especially regarding how people with young-onset dementia (YOD) (<65 years) experience the quality of their lives with the progression of dementia. People with dementia living alone face special challenges. Aim To examine the experience of the quality of life with YOD as a single person. Method The study presents a longitudinal case study with in-depth interviews exploring the experiences of a person with YOD. Individual interviews were conducted seven times over a period of three years from 2014 to 2017. Findings We examined if and how seven themes concerning the quality of life and well-being were fruitful for understanding the experiences of dementia in the everyday life of a single individual. The study explored needs and challenges during the development of dementia, and how the person reacted over time, set in context. The themes significant for well-being are: identity, connectedness, security, autonomy, meaning, growth and joy. Conclusion The study shows how treatment, support, and services must be individualized when dementia develops in order to support identity, resources and mastering capacity, and promote well-being

Developing dementia: The existensial experience of the quality of life With young-onset dementia- A longitudinal case study

Background: Cognition and the ability to take care of daily activities and oneself gradually declines among people with dementia. Studies are scarce, especially regarding how people with young-onset dementia (YOD) (<65 years) experience the quality of their lives with the progression of dementia. People with dementia living alone face special challenges. Aim: To examine the experience of the quality of life with YOD as a single person. Method: The study presents a longitudinal case study with in-depth interviews exploring the experiences of a person with YOD. Individual interviews were conducted seven times over a period of three years from 2014 to 2017. Findings: We examined if and how seven themes concerning the quality of life and well-being were fruitful for understanding the experiences of dementia in the everyday life of a single individual. The study explored needs and challenges during the development of dementia, and how the person reacted over time, set in context. The themes significant for well-being are: identity, connectedness, security, autonomy, meaning, growth and joy. Conclusion: The study shows how treatment, support, and services must be individualized when dementia develops in order to support identity, resources and mastering capacity, and promote well-being

Home care for the elderly with dementia: a systematic review

Abstract Objetive: With the global population aging, there is a growing need for home-based care to meet the health needs of the elderly. However, the quality of care provided to the aged population is now arguably a significant challenge for most healthcare systems worldwide. Methods: The present review included 13 original studies on home care and its effects on dementia patients, describing how patient care and adequate treatment can be collaborative for their improvement, for case management, and optimizing pain control and specificities. Results: Among the findings, it was evidenced that the environment impacts the form of care, once being at home can improve communication and global monitoring of dementia patients. Conclusion: In addition to the results analyzed in this review, there is a need for future, well-designed studies on the different aspects of home care, highlighting the importance of evaluating the type of care for each patient in the quest to optimize the care

Efficacy of Music Therapy in the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: Systematic Review

Objective: A large number of psychosocial interventions in dementia are based on music activities and music therapy interventions. We aim at assessing the efficacy of music therapy in the neuropsychiatric symptoms of people with dementia. Methods: This systematic review is according to the methodology suggested by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched for articles in PubMed, Web of Knowledge Cross Search, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Lilacs/Bireme databases published from 2005 to 2016. The search keywords included \u27early onset\u27 and \u27late onset\u27 combined with \u27dementia\u27, \u27Alzheimer\u27, \u27vascular dementia\u27, \u27mixed dementia\u27, \u27frontotemporal dementia\u27, \u27neuropsychiatric symptoms\u27, \u27behavioral disturbances\u27, \u27behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia\u27 and \u27music therapy\u27. The studies were categorized according to its efficacy on the decline of neuropsychiatric symptoms and improvement of cognitive function, quality of life and well-being. Results: We selected 12 out of 257 papers. Music therapy interventions were applied individually or in group setting, using active or receptive technique. In general, studies indicated the efficacy of music therapy on the decline of depression, agitation and anxiety. There were heterogeneity of interventions, methodological design and instruments of evaluation among the studies. Conclusions: Although there are reports of the efficacy of music therapy on the decline of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, the area still needs randomized studies aimed at the solution of important methodological problems like the lack of standardized approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved); Objetivo: Muitas intervenções psicossociais na demência estão baseadas em atividades musicais e intervenções de musicoterapia. Nosso objetivo consiste em avaliar a eficácia das intervenções de musicoterapia nos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos de pessoas com demência. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática está de acordo com a metodologia sugerida pela Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Foi realizada busca por artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Knowledge Cross Search, Cochrane Library, Scopus e Lilacs/Bireme publicados de 2005 a 2016. As palavras-chave incluíram descritores como \u27início precoce\u27 e \u27início tardio\u27 combinados com \u27demência\u27, \u27Alzheimer\u27, \u27demência vascular\u27, \u27demência mista\u27, \u27demência frontotemporal\u27, \u27sintomas neuropsiquiátricos\u27, \u27distúrbios comportamentais\u27, \u27sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos da demência\u27, \u27musicoterapia\u27. Os estudos foram categorizados segundo sua eficácia na redução dos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e na melhora da função cognitiva, qualidade de vida e bem-estar. Resultados: Foram selecionados 12 dos 257 artigos encontrados. As intervenções de musicoterapia foram aplicadas individualmente ou em grupo, utilizando técnica ativa ou receptiva. Em geral, os estudos indicaram a eficácia da musicoterapia na diminuição da depressão, agitação e ansiedade. Houve heterogeneidade das intervenções, desenho metodológico e instrumentos de avaliação entre os estudos. Conclusões: Embora haja relatos de eficácia da musicoterapia na diminuição dos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos da demência, a área ainda necessita de estudos randomizados que visem à solução de problemas metodológicos importantes, como a falta de abordagens padronizadas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved

"To be, or not to be": Experiencing deterioration among people with young-onset dementia living alone

Having dementia before the age of 65 (YOD) represents a radical break from an agenormative and expected life course. The disease afflicts the person’s identity, threatens the self-image and self-confidence, and erodes the person’s plans. The aim of the study was toexamine how people living alone with YOD perceive the course of dementia, their needs, and coping strategies, with a focus on narrating everyday life experiences. A longitudinal study using a qualitative approach was used. Five interviews, each with 10 informants, took place every 6 months from 2014 to 2017. The main theme is the person’s experiences of changes of identity over time. The most significant aspects of their experiences of the dementia affecting them and their reactions are these: the initial signs, coping efforts, concealing the diagnosis, social retraction, existential anxiety, revival of the self, worse and worse, and health personnel as background. The study concluded thatpeople with dementia are able to describe their experiences and needs for a long time during the progression of dementia. Their voices should be listened to for planning of services. Personalized care should be used to support them in order to preserve their identity in a normalized everyday life as far as possible

"To be, or not to be": Experiencing deterioration among people with young-onset dementia living alone

Having dementia before the age of 65 (YOD) represents a radical break from an age-normative and expected life course. The disease afflicts the person’s identity, threatens the self-image and self-confidence, and erodes the person’s plans. The aim of the study was toexamine how people living alone with YOD perceive the course of dementia, their needs, and coping strategies, with a focus on narrating everyday life experiences. A longitudinal study using a qualitative approach was used. Five interviews, each with 10 informants, took place every 6 months from 2014 to 2017. The main theme is the person’s experiences of changes of identity over time. The most significant aspects of their experiences of the dementia affecting them and their reactions are these: the initial signs, coping efforts, concealing the diagnosis, social retraction, existential anxiety, revival of the self, worse and worse, and health personnel as background. The study concluded thatpeople with dementia are able to describe their experiences and needs for a long time during the progression of dementia. Their voices should be listened to for planning of services. Personalized care should be used to support them in order to preserve their identity in a normalized everyday life as far as possible