157 research outputs found

    El arte de cabildear o la práctica del “lobby”

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    Treball Final de Master en Comunicació Intercultural i d'Ensenyament de Llengües. Codi: SAN014. Curs: 2014/2015Este trabajo de investigación propone analizar el término “lobby”, desde las definiciones y las unidades léxicas discursivas hasta la actuación de éste en el ámbito políticoempresarial. A lo largo de estos últimos años, el concepto “lobby” o cabildeo se ha convertido en una palabra más del lenguaje cotidiano actual, sobre todo en los medios de comunicación y en el ámbito político. De esta forma, el cabildeo ha ido adquiriendo así una posición relevante no solo económica sino también social. A medida que ha ido tomando importancia, el “lobby” ha ido adquiriendo connotaciones de valor negativo por la opinión pública, y muchas veces, esas connotaciones han sido empleadas erróneamente. En esta labor, se presenta una síntesis de los aspectos generales del “lobby”, con el fin de comprender mejor su significado y su actividad en el seno de las Administraciones gubernamentales y en la opinión pública.Ce dossier propose une analyse sur le terme du lobby, depuis les définitions et les unités lexiques discursives jusqu'à son activité professionnel dans le secteur politique et financier. Au long de ces dernières années, le concept “lobby” est devenu un mot du langage quotidien, surtout dans les moyens de communication et dans le secteur politique. C'est ainsi que le lobby s'est élevé à une position non seulement économique mais aussi sociale. Au fur et à mesure que le lobby a pris de l'importance, il a été soumis à des connotations de valeur négative par l'opinion publique, et souvent ces connotations ont été mal employées. Ce travail offre une synthèse des aspects généraux sur le “lobby”, afin de mieux comprendre sa signification et son activité au sein des Administrations gouvernementales et dans l'opinion publique

    Figures de style et lobbying

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    Le présent article aborde l’analyse de la persuasion argumentative et de la figuralité dans le discours en rapport avec le lobbying. Pour être convaincant face à leurs interlocuteurs, le lobbying utilise des techniques linguistiques afin de servir leurs intérêts. De son côté, l’opinion publique se sert de ces mêmes techniques langagières afin de dénoncer les activités du lobbying. Ces techniques langagières sont la persuasion et la figuralité, et elles ont pour objectif d’embellir, de critiquer ou d’atténuer le discours, en fonction de la perspective de l’émetteur. Cela permet aussi de caractériser, d’une part, la culture sociale d’une zone géographique déterminée, et de l’autre, le rôle du lobby dans cette société et l’image publique que ce dernier renvoie. C’est dans cette optique d’argumentativité que l’article offre une approche de ces stratégies discursives, par le biais d’écrits scientifiques et médiatiques

    Structural instability and fibrillar aggregation of non-expanded human ataxin-3 revealed under high pressure and temperature.

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    Protein misfolding and formation of structured aggregates are considered to be the earliest events in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanism of these biological phenomena remains to be elucidated. Here, we report a study of heat- and pressure-induced unfolding of human Q26 and murine Q6 ataxin-3 using spectroscopic methods. UV absorbance and fluorescence revealed that heat and pressure induced a structural transition of both proteins to a molten globule conformation. The unfolding pathway was partly irreversible and led to a protein conformation where tryptophans were more exposed to water. Furthermore, the use of fluorescent probes (8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate and thioflavin T) allowed the identification of different intermediates during the process of pressure-induced unfolding. At high temperature and pressure, human Q26, but not murine Q6, underwent concentration-dependent aggregation. Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that these aggregates are characterized by an increased beta-sheet content. As revealed by electron microscopy, heat- and pressure-induced aggregates were different; high temperature treatment led to fibrillar microaggregates (8-10-nm length), whereas high pressure induced oligomeric structures of globular shape (100 nm in diameter), which sometimes aligned to higher order suprastructures. Several intermediate structures were detected in this process. Two factors appear to govern ataxin unfolding and aggregation, the length of the polyglutamine tract and its protein context

    Instabilité de l'écoulement de Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille avec flux radial d'un fluide rhéofluidifiant

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    Les filtres rotatifs cylindriques sont des procédés de séparation intensifiés utilisés par exemple pour la filtration du plasma sanguin, [1-3]. Ils sont constitués de deux cylindres concentriques. Le cylindre intérieur est poreux et tournant. La suspension circule dans l'espace annulaire entre les 2 cylindres, sous l'effet d'un gradient de pression axial. Au cours de l'écoulement, du liquide quitte la suspension pour traverser la paroi poreuse. La suspension ressort ainsi du système, plus chargée en particules qu'à son entrée. La rotation du cylindre intérieur conduit à l'apparition, au-delà d'une vitesse angulaire seuil, de rouleaux de Taylor, tels que ceux que l'on rencontre dans l'écoulement de Taylor-Couette, modifiés du fait des écoulements axial et radial qui se superposent à l'écoulement azimutal. La stabilité de cet écoulement de Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille avec flux radial a déjà été étudiée dans le cas de fluide newtoniens [4-6]. Nous généralisons ici cette étude au cas de fluides non newtoniens purement visqueux. La loi rhéologique considérée est la loi de Carreau, qui décrit un comportement rhéofluidifiant (viscosité diminuant avec la vitesse de déformation) avec des plateaux de viscosité newtoniens aux faibles et grandes vitesses de déformation. La forme de l'état de base, la structure des spectres, les conditions critiques et la forme de la perturbation produisant l'instabilité sont étudiés pour différentes valeurs des paramètres rhéologique, géométrique et dynamique. [1] J. A. Schwille, D. Mitra, et R. M. Lueptow, « Design parameters for rotating cylindrical filtration », Journal of membrane science, vol. 204, no 1, p. 53?65, 2002. [2] G. Belfort, J. M. Pimbley, A. Greiner, et K. Y. Chung, « Diagnosis of membrane fouling using a rotating annular filter. 1. Cell culture media », Journal of membrane science, vol. 77, no 1, p. 1?22, 1993. [3] B. Hallström et M. Lopez-Leiva, « Description of a rotating ultrafiltration module », Desalination, vol. 24, no 1, p. 273?279, 1977. [4]E. C. Johnson et R. M. Lueptow, « Hydrodynamic stability of flow between rotating porous cylinders with radial and axial flow », Physics of Fluids, vol. 9, no 12, p. 3687, 1997. [5]E. Serre, M. A. Sprague, et R. M. Lueptow, « Stability of Taylor?Couette flow in a finite-length cavity with radial throughflow », Physics of Fluids, vol. 20, no 3, p. 34106, 2008. [6] S. K. Bahl et K. M. Kapur, « The Stability of a Viscous Flow between Two Concentric Rotating Porous Cylinder with an Axial Flow », Defence Science Journal, vol. 25, no 4, p. 139?144, 2014

    Identification of a missense mutation in the MADS-box gene VviAGL11 responsible for table grape seedlessness

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    Trabajo presentado a la XXIII Reunión Bianual de la Sociedad Española de Fisiología Vegetal y al XVI Congreso Hispano-Luso de Fisiología Vegetal, celebrados en Pamplona (España) del 26 al 28 de junio de 2019

    TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant does not associate with smallness for gestational age in the French population

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In adults, the <it>TCF7L2 </it>rs7903146 T allele, commonly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), has been also associated with a lower body mass index (BMI) in T2D individuals and with a smaller waist circumference in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The present association study aimed at analyzing the contribution of the rs7903146 SNP to smallness for gestational age (SGA) and metabolic profiles in subjects with SGA or appropriate for gestational age birth weight (AGA). Two groups of French Caucasian subjects were selected on birth data: SGA (birth weight < 10<sup>th </sup>percentile; n = 764), and AGA (25<sup>th </sup>< birth weight < 75<sup>th </sup>percentile; n = 627). Family-based association tests were also performed in 3,012 subjects from 628 SGA and AGA pedigrees.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The rs7903146 genotypic distributions between AGA (30.7%) and SGA (29.0%) were not statistically different (allelic OR = 0.92 [0.78–1.09], p = 0.34). Family association-based studies did not show a distortion of T allele transmission in SGA subjects (p = 0.52). No significant effect of the T allele was detected on any of the metabolic parameters in the SGA group. However, in the AGA group, trends towards a lower insulin secretion (p = 0.03) and a higher fasting glycaemia (p = 0.002) were detected in carriers of the T allele.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The <it>TCF7L2 </it>rs7903146 variant neither increases the risk for SGA nor modulates birth weight and young adulthood glucose homeostasis in French Caucasian subjects born with SGA.</p

    Aromatic maturity is a cornerstone of terroir expression in red wine

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    This article is published in cooperation with Terclim 2022 (XIVth International Terroir Congress and 2nd ClimWine Symposium), 3-8 July 2022, Bordeaux, France.Harvesting grapes at adequate maturity is key to the production of high-quality red wines. Viticulturists, enologists, and wine makers define several types of maturity, including physiological maturity, technological maturity, phenolic maturity, and aromatic maturity. Physiological maturity is a biological concept. Technological maturity and phenolic maturity are relatively well documented in the scientific literature, being linked to quantifiable compounds in grape must. Articles on aromatic maturity are scarcer. This is surprising, because aromatic maturity is, probably, the most important of the four in determining wine quality and typicity, including terroir expression, i.e.  the identifiable taste of wine in relation to its origin. Optimal terroir expression can be obtained when technological, phenolic, and aromatic maturity are reached at the same time, or within a short time frame. This is more likely to occur when the ripening takes place under mild temperatures, neither too cool, nor too hot.Aromatic expression in wine can be driven, in order from low to high maturity, by green, herbal, spicy, floral, fresh fruit, ripe fruit, jammy fruit, dried fruit, candied, or cooked fruit aromas. Green and cooked fruit aromas are not desirable in red wines, while the levels of other aromatic nuances contribute to the typicity of the wine in relation to its place of origin. Wines produced in cool climates, or on cool soils in temperate climates, are likely to express herbal or fresh fruit aromas, while wines produced under warm climates, or on warm soils in temperate climates, may express ripe fruit, jammy fruit, or candied fruit aromas.This article reviews the state of the art of compounds underpinning the aromas of wines obtained from grapes harvested at different stages of maturity. Advances in the understanding of how aromatic maturity shapes terroir expression and how it can be manipulated by variety choices and management practices, under current and future climatic conditions, are shown. Early ripening varieties perform better in cool climates and late ripening varieties in warm climates. Additionally, maturity can be advanced or delayed by different canopy management practices or training systems. Timing of harvest also impacts aromatic expression of the produced wine. Gaps in the literature are highlighted to guide future directions of research

    Genetic Variant in HK1 Is Associated With a Proanemic State and A1C but Not Other Glycemic Control–Related Traits

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    OBJECTIVE A1C is widely considered the gold standard for monitoring effective blood glucose levels. Recently, a genome-wide association study reported an association between A1C and rs7072268 within HK1 (encoding hexokinase 1), which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis. HK1 deficiency in erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]) causes severe nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in both humans and mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The contribution of rs7072268 to A1C and the RBC-related traits was assessed in 6,953 nondiabetic European participants. We additionally analyzed the association with hematologic traits in 5,229 nondiabetic European individuals (in whom A1C was not measured) and 1,924 diabetic patients. Glucose control–related markers other than A1C were analyzed in 18,694 nondiabetic European individuals. A type 2 diabetes case-control study included 7,447 French diabetic patients. RESULTS Our study confirms a strong association between the rs7072268–T allele and increased A1C (β = 0.029%; P = 2.22 × 10−7). Surprisingly, despite adequate study power, rs7072268 showed no association with any other markers of glucose control (fasting- and 2-h post-OGTT–related parameters, n = 18,694). In contrast, rs7072268–T allele decreases hemoglobin levels (n = 13,416; β = −0.054 g/dl; P = 3.74 × 10−6) and hematocrit (n = 11,492; β = −0.13%; P = 2.26 × 10−4), suggesting a proanemic effect. The T allele also increases risk for anemia (836 cases; odds ratio 1.13; P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS HK1 variation, although strongly associated with A1C, does not seem to be involved in blood glucose control. Since HK1 rs7072268 is associated with reduced hemoglobin levels and favors anemia, we propose that HK1 may influence A1C levels through its anemic effect or its effect on glucose metabolism in RBCs. These findings may have implications for type 2 diabetes diagnosis and clinical management because anemia is a frequent complication of the diabetes state
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