Ocorrência do bagre marinho Genidens machadoi (Siluriformes, Ariidae) na laguna Tramandaí, sul do Brasil

The catfishes of the family Ariidae inhabit tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including marine, estuarine and fresh water systems. Most of the species use estuaries and downstream portions of the rivers during the breeding season, for spawning and egg incubation. In the Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, the family Ariidae is represented by the four valid species of the genus Genidens: G. barbus, G. genidens, G. machadoi and G. planifrons. Currently, three of these species have been recorded in lagoon-estuarine regions (G. barbus, G. genidens and G. planifrons), while G. machadoi has only been registered in marine environments. This paper presents the first record of G. machadoi in the Tramandaí Lagoon, in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul. From 2007 to 2011, the capture of 63 specimens of G. machadoi was recorded during the artisanal fishery inside the lagoon. The caught individuals had a mean total length of 460 mm (SD = 53.1 mm, mode = 460 mm; n = 63). Nineteen specimens (30.2%) were sexed, including five males and 14 females. Among the females, 11 were mature (78.6%) and the smallest mature individual was 422 mm in total length. These records represent the first confirmed evidence of the presence of the species in internal waters across its entire geographical range. The data gathered also suggest that G. machadoi uses the Tramandaí River Basin during the breeding season for spawning and egg incubation. Nevertheless, a more detailed study on the reproductive biology and life-history of this poorly known species is clearly needed. In addition, a better knowledge of the artisanal fisheries statistics is essential for the establishment of a sustainable management plan for the fisheries resources in the region.Key words: Artisanal fisheries, reproductive biology, Tramandaí River Basin, Western South Atlantic.Os bagres da família Ariidae ocorrem em águas tropicais e subtropicais de todo o mundo, incluindo ambientes marinhos, estuarinos e de água doce. A maioria das espécies utiliza os estuários e as porções interiores de rios, durante o período reprodutivo, para desova e incubação dos ovos. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil, a família Ariidae é representada pelas quatro espécies válidas do gênero Genidens: G. barbus, G. genidens, G. machadoi e G. planifrons. Até o presente, três dessas espécies tinham registros em regiões estuarinas-lagunares (G. barbus, G. genidens e G. planifrons), enquanto G. machadoi era citada exclusivamente para o ambiente marinho. O presente trabalho apresenta o primeiro registro de G. machadoi para a laguna Tramandaí, no litoral norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Entre 2007 e 2011, 63 exemplares de G. machadoi foram registrados em capturas realizadas por pescadores artesanais no interior da laguna Tramandaí. Os exemplares apresentaram comprimento total médio de 460 mm (DP = 53,1 mm; moda = 460 mm; n = 63). Dezenove exemplares (30,2%) tiveram o sexo determinado, sendo identificados cinco machos e 14 fêmeas. Dentre as fêmeas, 11 estavam maduras (78,6%), sendo a menor com 422 mm de comprimento total. Os registros de G. machadoi representam a primeira evidência da ocorrência da espécie em águas interiores ao longo de toda a sua distribuição geográfica. Os dados obtidos sugerem que G. machadoi utiliza a bacia hidrográfica do rio Tramandaí durante o período reprodutivo. Contudo, são necessários estudos mais detalhados sobre a biologia reprodutiva e a história de vida da espécie, que é ainda pouco conhecida. Adicionalmente, um melhor conhecimento a respeito das estatísticas da pesca artesanal é fundamental para o estabelecimento de um plano de manejo sustentável dos recursos pesqueiros na região.Palavras-chave: Pesca artesanal, biologia reprodutiva, bacia hidrográfica do rio Tramandaí, Atlântico Sul Ocidental

DIETA DO BAGRE ESTUARINO Cathorops arenatus (VALENCIENNES, 1840) NA ILHA DE MAIANDEUA, PARÁ, BRASIL

Cathorops arenatus (Siluriformes: Ariidae) inhabits shallow waters and is abundant in the North coast of Brazil. Despite its local use and susceptibility to overexploitation and pollution, basic biological information is lacking to shape conservation actions. Thus, information on the feeding of C. arenatus in the North coast of Brazil are provided herein. Specimens were sampled in one expedition during the rainy season and in another in the dry season, using horizontal trawling along a 10-m line. Food contents of 68 specimens were analyzed. They exhibited 13 food items and fed mainly on Haparcticoida copepods and plant fragments. A high number of specimens exhibited sediment in their digestive tract. No differences in the diet composition between hydrological seasons were observed. C. arenatus exhibit a benthivorous feeding habit in the Amazonian estuary, which agrees with other species of the genus, and no temporal variation in its diet was found, which may be related to the community dynamics of its main prey.Keywords: Amazon estuary, Ariidae, trophic ecology.Cathorops arenatus (Siluriformes: Ariidae) habita águas rasas e é abundante na costa Norte do Brasil. Apesar da sua abundância, uso local e suscetibilidade à superexploração e poluição, informações biológicas básicas para nortear ações de conservação são escassas. Portanto, informações sobre a dieta de C. arenatus na região costeira Norte do Brasil são aqui apresentadas. Indivíduos foram amostrados em uma expedição na estiagem e em outra na estação chuvosa, utilizando arrastos horizontais na praia ao longo de 10m. O conteúdo alimentar de 68 espécimes foi analisado, que apresentou 13 itens alimentares e se alimentaram predominantemente de copépodos Haparcticoida e fragmentos de plantas superiores. Um alto número de espécimes apresentou sedimento em seus tratos digestivos. Não foram observadas diferenças na composição da dieta entre estações hidrológicas. C. arenatus exibiu hábitos alimentares bentívoros no estuário Amazônico, o que está de acordo com outras espécies do gênero, e variações temporais em sua dieta não foram encontradas, o que pode estar relacionado à dinâmica de comunidade de suas presas principais.Palavras-chave: Ariidae, ecologia trófica, estuário amazônico

Morphology and molecular evidence support the validity of Pogonias courbina (Lacepède, 1803) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), with a redescription and neotype designation

The family Sciaenidae comprises about 300 species. The black drum Pogonias cromis was the only valid species of the genus. Herein, Pogonias courbina Lacepède 1803 is rede-scribed based on morphological and molecular evidence and a neotype is designated. Pogonias courbina is distinguished by the following characters: the occurrence of characteristic thickening of the dorsal spines VII to XI in all specimens larger than 250 mm SL; all pterygiophores in the dorsal-fin laminar, thin; anal-fin pterygiophores slender excluded those of spines; lateral projections of gas bladder with few finger-like projections; genetic distance between both species 1%; exclusive occurrence of characters in six informative sites of COI (58 G; 214 G; 328 A; 331 A; 553C; 580 G). The method Automatic Barcode gap Discovery detected gaps in nucleotid distance congruent with the NJ, MP, and ML tree analysis. Also, advertisement calls are three times shorter in duration in P. courbina than in P. cromis. In addition, two monophyletic groups for P. cromis and P. courbina appear in trees obtained with different methodologies, emphasizing the absence of shared haplotypes. A gap of about 8000 km occurs in the distribution of both species along coastal areas of the Atlantic Ocean.Fil: Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Área Zoología; ArgentinaFil: Delpiani, Sergio Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Cione, Alberto Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Oliveira, Claudio. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

OCORRÊNCIA DA LAGOSTA Palinustus truncatus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, 1880 (DECAPODA, ACHELATA) NO GRANDE SISTEMA DE RECIFES DO AMAZONAS, BRASIL

The lobster Palinustus truncatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, Palinuridae Latreille, 1802, is rarely reported in commercial fisheries in northern Brazilian coast. Two specimens were caught in the area known as Great Amazon Reef System. The specimen was deposited in the carcinological collection.Keywords: Artisanal fishing; biodiversity; brazilian North coast; bycatch.A lagosta Palinustus truncatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, Palinuridae Latreille, 1802, é raramente relatada na pesca comercial da lagosta na costa Norte do Brasil. Dois exemplares foram coletados na área conhecida como Grande Sistema de Recifes do Amazonas. O exemplar foi depositado em coleção carcinológica.Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade, costa Norte, fauna acompanhante, pesca artesanal

Chinchaysuyoa ortegai Marceniuk & Marchena & Oliveira & Betancur-R 2019, new species

Chinchaysuyoa ortegai new species Figure 4, 5, 6, Table 1. Hexanematichthys henni (non Fisher & Eigenmann).— Chirichigno 1963:27 (Tumbes).— Ortega & Vari 1986:13 (species list).— Ortega et al. 2012:42 (species list). Holotype: MUSM 63800, 250 mm SL, reservoir Poechos, middle Rio Chira, Catamayo basin, Peru. Paratype: ANSP 282226 (1, 229 mm SL), the same locality of the holotype; MPEG 35976 (2, 209– 300 mm SL), the same locality of the holotype; MZUSP 123828 (2, 252– 292 mm SL). the same locality of the holotype; MUSM 48796 (5, 155– 250 mm SL), the same locality of the holotype; USNM xxxx (2, 18 7 –206 mm SL), the same locality of the holotype. Diagnosis. Chinchaysuyoa ortegai differs from C. labiata by thicker granulation irregularly distributed granulation in the cephalic shield (vs. finer and homogeneously distributed in the cephalic shield, especially in the sphenotic, pterotic and parieto-supraoccipital, Figs. 5 and 6), snout truncated anteriorly (vs. pointed anteriorly, Fig. 5), distance between anterior nostrils 6.3–7.6% SL (vs. 5.1–5.9% SL, Table 1), distance between posterior nostrils 6.4–7.5% SL, rarely less than 6.4 (vs. 5.2–6.2% SL, Table 1), caudal–fin lobes relatively, rounded posteriorly (vs. relatively long, pointed posteriorly, Fig. 5). Description. Morphometric data in Table 1. Head depressed, profile elevated posteriorly, straight at frontal and parieto-supraoccipital area. Snout long and previously truncated. Anterior nostril round, with fleshy edge, posterior nostril covered by flap of skin; nostrils distant to one another and distant to orbit, not connected by fleshy furrow. Eye lateral and large; eyes distant to one another. Three pairs of relatively long teretiform barbels; maxillary barbel usually reaching or past reaching gill membrane edge, mental barbels not reaching gill membrane edge. Osseous bridge formed by lateral ethmoid and frontal relatively long and slender, little evident under skin. Cephalic shield exposed, very rough and granulated; long and large on lateral ethmoid, frontal, and supracleithral areas. Anterior portion of dorsomedial groove of neurocranium fleshy, conspicuous and continuous to level of posterior nares; posterior portion of osseous groove, deep and conspicuous, with straight margins, narrowing posteriorly. Parietosupraoccipital process funnel-shaped, long and moderately wide on posterior portion, and profile straight. Nuchal plate crescent-shaped, long and moderately wide. Mouth subterminal to terminal, moderately large; lower jaw arched. Lips relatively thick, upper lip more thick than lower lip. Vomerine tooth plates absent. One pair of oval shaped accessory tooth plates, very small and transversely elongate and narrow, distant one another, with sharp teeth. Premaxilla with sharp teeth. Dentary separated at midline, with sharp teeth. Gill membranes fused, attached to isthmus. Eighteen to twenty acicular gill rakers on first arch, 20–23 spike-shaped gill rakers on second arch. Mesial surfaces of all gill arches with developed gill rakers, lateral and mesial surfaces of first and second gill arches lacking fleshy papillae intercalated with gill rakers. Body width wider than depth in pectoral-girdle area, progressively more compressed from pectoral fin to caudal peduncle. Lateral line sloping ventrally on anterior one-third, extending posteriorly to caudal peduncle, bending abruptly onto dorsal lobe of caudal fin. Dorsal-fin spine moderately long and thick; anterior margin with granules on basal two-thirds and distal one-third with serrations; posterior margin smooth on basal half and distal half with serrations. Seven soft dorsal-fin rays. Pectoral-fin spine moderately long, shorter than dorsal-fin spine; anterior margin with granules on basal two-thirds and distal one-third with short serrations; posterior margin with granules on basal, distal half with serrations. Ten to eleven soft pectoral-fin rays. Posterior cleithral process exposed, rough and triangular shaped, very long and pointed posteriorly. Pelvic fin deep and moderately long at base, with six rays. Adipose-fin base relatively long, its base about half as long as the anal-fin base. Anal fin deep and relatively long at base, with 19–20 rays and distal margin slightly concave. Caudal peduncle relatively deep. Caudal fin forked, dorsal and ventral lobes moderately long, wide and rounded posteriorly; dorsal lobe longer than ventral lobe. Coloration. Grayish to dark brown on dorsum, silvery on flanks and white on abdomen. In alcohol, dark brown on dorsum, flanks brownish to silvery and white on venter; fins black. Maxillary barbel dark, mental barbel lighter (Figs. 4a,b, 5). Distribution and habitat. Chinchaysuyoa ortegai is described to Poechos reservoir, in the middle Rio Chira in Peru, Catamayo Basin, that born in the Andes Occidental Cordillera in Ecuador (Fig. 8). Etymology. The name of the species is in honor of Dr. Hernán Ortega Torres Teofilo the most important ichthyologist working in Peru. Remarks. Chinchaysuyoa ortegai can be differentiated from C. labiata based on its morphological characters (see Remarks on C. labiata), which is further reinforced by the disjunct geographic ranges of the two species, which are restricted to the drainage basins of Ecuador and Peru, respectively (Fig. 8), while the molecular data support the recognition of the species as distinct from the other genera of the family recorded on the Pacific coast of the Americas (Fig. 1).Published as part of Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires, Marchena, Jose, Oliveira, Claudio & Betancur-R, Ricardo, 2019, Chinchaysuyoa, a new genus of the fish family Ariidae (Siluriformes), with a redescription of Chinchaysuyoa labiata from Ecuador and a new species description from Peru, pp. 361-378 in Zootaxa 4551 (3) on pages 368-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/262296

A ictiofauna de cabeceiras do rio Tietê, São Paulo, Brasil

Uma síntese das espécies de peixes de cabeceiras do rio Tietê é apresentada com base em material de coleções zoológicas e novas coletas realizadas. São referidas para região 56 espécies pertencentes a sete ordens e 16 famílias, aumentando significativamente números anteriores. Os resultados mostram que as cabeceiras do rio Tietê possuem uma composição ictiofaunistica bastante peculiar, distinta daquela encontrada no restante do Alto rio Paraná, mostrando acentuado grau de endemismo e grande similaridade com bacias hidrográficas litorâneas, corroborando a hipótese de captura de rios da região por drenagens costeiras e vice e versa no passado. Dentre as espécies encontradas na região, oito são endêmicas (14,3%), 13 são encontradas nas cabeceiras do rio Tietê e drenagens litorâneas da região sudeste do Brasil (23,2%), dez ocorrem em todo Alto rio Paraná (17,9%), cinco são encontradas no Alto rio Paraná e drenagens litorâneas da região sudeste do Brasil (8,9%), enquanto 13 espécies mostram uma ampla distribuição na América do Sul (23,2%), das quais parte ainda precisa ter a identidade confirmada. A diversidade de espécies é acrescida de pelo menos cinco espécies novas pertencentes aos gêneros Cyphocharax, Characidium, Astyanax, Pareiorhina e Australoheros e quatro novos registros são feitos para Characidium cf. zebra, Scleromystax barbatus, Crenicicla britskii e Synbranchus cf. marmoratus. Pelo menos sete espécies introduzidas estão estabelecidas na região, enquanto outras dez espécies são relacionadas em listas de espécies ameaçadas.A synthesis of the ichthyofauna of the headwaters of the rio Tietê, based on material from zoological collections and new samplings, is presented. Fifty six species belonging to seven orders and 16 families are recorded to the drainage, increasing previous numbers significantly. The current results show that the headwaters of the rio Tietê possess a singular ichthyofauna composition, diverse from that found in the remaining of the upper Paraná basin, with high level of endemic species and great similarity to the species from coastal drainages. This finding corroborates the hypothesis of past river capture between streams and rivers in both drainages. Among the species occurring in the area surveyed, eight are endemic (14.3%), 13 are found in the headwaters of rio Tietê and in the coastal drainages of southeastern Brazil (23.2%), 10 are present throughout the upper Paraná basin (17.9%), five are found in the upper Paraná basin and in the coastal drainages of southeastern Brazil (8.9%), while 13 show a broader distribution in the South America drainages (23.2%), part of which still remains to be identified. Species diversity increased with the discovery of at least five new species belonging to the genera Cyphocharax, Characidium, Astyanax, Pareiorhina and Australoheros, and four new records for Characidium cf. zebra, Scleromystax barbatus, Crenicicla britskii and Synbranchus cf. marmoratus. At least, seven non-native species are recognized to be established in the region, while 10 other are included in red books

Chinchaysuyoa, a new genus of the fish family Ariidae (Siluriformes), with a redescription of Chinchaysuyoa labiata from Ecuador and a new species description from Peru

Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires, Marchena, Jose, Oliveira, Claudio, Betancur-R, Ricardo (2019): Chinchaysuyoa, a new genus of the fish family Ariidae (Siluriformes), with a redescription of Chinchaysuyoa labiata from Ecuador and a new species description from Peru. Zootaxa 4551 (3): 361-378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.