EFLUENTES DE LATICÍNIOS, ENQUADRAMENTO LEGAL E A REPRESENTAÇÃO DOS TÉCNICOS E GERENTES

A partir do crescimento da produção ocorre o aumento do consumo de água nas plantas instaladas e um conseqüente aumento no volume dos efluentes. A complexidade da legislação ambiental gera dúvidas quanto ao atendimento e adequação dos empreendimentos, que em grande parte só tem alguma reação quando são fiscalizados, buscando a todo custo cumprir os parâmetros exigidos sem embasamento para tanto. O setor leiteiro deve encarar esta problemática não como um empecilho, mas como oportunidade para melhoria de suas práticas, quanto à competitividade exigida para a cadeia leiteira e sua sustentabilidade na produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e discutir os problemas com efluentes líquidos de laticínios do Noroeste de Minas Gerais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória entrevistando funcionários de laticínios na região Noroeste de Minas Gerais e levantadas as representações sociais dos geradores de efluentes através da metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Este geradores necessitam de formação adequada, redimensionamento das estações e infra estrutura básica para remediar os impactos causados pelo lançamento de efluente de laticínio fora dos padrões de lançamento

Biofuel recovery from microalgae biomass grown in dairy wastewater treated with activated sludge: the next step in sustainable production

ABSTRACT: Microalgae biofuel could be the next step in avoiding the excessive use of fossil fuels and reducing negative impacts on the environment. In the present study, two species of microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris) were used for biomass production, grown in dairy wastewater treated by activated sludge systems. The photobioreactors were operated in batch and in continuous mode. The dry biomass produced was in the range of 2.30 to 3.10 g L-1. The highest volumetric yields for lipids and carbohydrates were 0.068 and 0.114 g L-1 day(-1). Maximum CO2 biofixation (750 mg L-1 day(-1)) was obtained in continuous mode. The maximum values for lipids (21%) and carbohydrates (39%) were recorded in the batch process with species Scenedesmus obliquus. In all of the experiments, the Linolenic acid concentration (C18:3) was greater than 12%, achieving satisfactory oxidative stability and good quality. Projected biofuel production could vary between 4,863,708 kg and 9,246,456 kg year(-1) if all the dairy wastewater produced in Brazil were used for this purpose. Two hectares would be needed to produce 24,99 x 10(9) L year(-1) of microalgae bioethanol, a far lower value than used in cultivating sugar cane. If all dairy wastewater generated annually in Brazil were used to produce microalgae biomass, it would be possible to obtain approximately 30,609 to 53,647 barrels of biodiesel per year. These data show that only by using dairy wastewater would biofuels be produced to replace 17% to 40% of the fossil fuels currently used in Brazil.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microalgae-mediated bioremediation and valorization of cattle wastewater previously digested in a hybrid anaerobic reactor using a photobioreactor: Comparison between batch and continuous operation

ABSTRACT: Scenedesmus obliquus (ACOI 204/07) microalgae were cultivated in cattle wastewater in vertical alveolar flat panel photobioreactors, operated in batch and continuous mode, after previous digestion in a hybrid anaerobic reactor. In batch operation, removal efficiencies ranges of 65 to 70% of COD, 98 to 99% of NH4+ and 69 to 77.5% of PO4-3 after 12 days were recorded. The corresponding figures for continuous flow were from 57 to 61% of COD, 94 to 96% of NH4+ and 65 to 70% of PO4-3 with mean hidraulic retention time of 12 days. Higher rates of CO2 fixation (327-547 mg L-1 d(-1)) and higher biomass volumetric productivity (213-358 mg L-1 d(-1)) were obtained in batch mode. This microalgae-mediated process can be considered promising for bioremediation and valorization of effluents produced by cattle breeding yielding a protein-rich microalgal biomass that could be eventually used as cattle feed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SUSTENTABILIDADE DE PRÁTICAS AGROPECUÁRIAS EM SISTEMAS BOVINOS LEITEIROS

A metodologia baseada no modelo PSR (Pressure-State-Response) foi aplicada em treze propriedades rurais familiares do Sudeste de Minas Gerais com o objetivo de avaliar práticas de manejo que viabilizem a produção leiteira regional. Um novo grupo de indicadores permitiu avaliar as práticas de manejo da pecuária leiteira e a relação de pequenos produtores desta cadeia produtiva com o ambiente produtivo. Foram gerados índices de pressão sobre a tomada de decisão do produtor (IP), para o estado da aplicação das práticas de manejo (IE) e para a resposta do ambiente ao manejo do produtor (IR). O índice de sustentabilidade da propriedade (ISP) foi calculado a partir da média aritmética entre IP, IE e IR e apontou a tendência evolutiva das propriedades avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que seis propriedades adotavam práticas adequadas de manejo (ISP>2), com tendência evolutiva de conservação da qualidade ambiental. Em duas propriedades, com ISP=2, a qualidade ambiental encontrava-se em equilíbrio dinâmico. Cinco propriedades apresentaram IS

Solid waste management performance: a case study in a research institution / Desempenho da gestão de resíduos sólidos: um estudo de caso em uma instituição de pesquisa

Waste is a environmental problem. Waste generation increases exponentially, and the management to minimize environmental impacts. The launch of the 17 (SDGs), by the U. N., aimed to mobilize to implement public policies based on the pillars of sustainability. At (studied company) routines of research laboratorial activities, farms and administrative areas generate waste. We evaluated the waste management at the (studied company) research institution. We applied methodologies for a comprehensive view. Gravimetric method for characterization of waste in each category. Monitoring of waste generator points resulted in the diagnosis of waste separation. The methodology of the Discourse of the Collective Subject was used to understand the perception of employees. We development the SWOT matrix, to identify the factors that affect the waste management. We understand and rank the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and they can be used for the development of management

AVALIAÇÃO DA SAÚDE AMBIENTAL EM MUNICÍPIO DE PEQUENO PORTE COM ENFOQUE PARA ÁREA DE SANEAMENTO

The sanitation consists of action, that they aim at to improve the ambient salubrity continuously, by means of potable water supply, collects, treatment and sanitary disposal of liquid and solid residues, pluvial water draining, ambient control of vectors and promotion sanitary discipline, use and occupation of the ground. The present study was result of a collection of data by means of inquire with 337 personal keys, to evaluate the conditions of ambient sanitation in thirty and eight microareas. This study elaborated indicator/indices, and evaluated the public service of sanitation by sense and vision of the user, the verification of the knowledge and the importance who people in community to give to ambient sanitation in Bandeirantes town Brazil. The town studied has lacks, however the population is satisfied. Only education in health and environment it this public will be able to relate the environment to the quality of life and the health.O saneamento consta de ações, que visam melhorar continuamente a salubridade ambiental, mediante abastecimento de água potável, coleta, tratamento e disposição sanitária de resíduos líquidos e sólidos, drenagem de águas pluviais, controle ambiental de vetores e promoção da disciplina sanitária, uso e ocupação do solo. O presente estudo é resultado de uma coleta de dados por meio de um questionário com 337 informantes-chaves, para avaliar as condições de saneamento ambiental em trinta e oito micro-áreas. Este estudo elaborou indicadores e índices, e avaliou o serviço público de saneamento mediante a opinião e visão do usuário, a verificação do conhecimento e da importância que as pessoas da comunidade dão ao saneamento ambiental no município de Bandeirantes - PR. O município estudado tem carências, porém a população está satisfeita. Somente com educação em saúde e meio ambiente é que este público poderá relacionar o ambiente à qualidade de vida e à saúde

Characterization of solid waste generated by the dairy industry

Environmental awareness is increasingly inserted in the consumer’s choices. The concern to meet this demand has driven companies to seek the adequacy of their processes and routines. This study aims to carry out a survey of the solid residues generated in the dairy industry and the respective treatments and the final disposal. Twenty-two (22) industries from different regions of Brazil were invited to participate, classified according to size and potential pollutant. Seven (7) dairy industries were located in the Southeast, 3 (three) in the South, 3 (three) in the Midwest, 3 (three) in the North, 7 (seven) in the Northeast. A structured electronic questionnaire was elaborated according to the class division of the residues: common, chemical and biological, and sent to the dairy. The answers showed that the dairy industries, regardless of the volume of processed milk with intrinsic characteristics, frequency and volume generated, do not have residue management in their routines. This study demonstrates the current state of how dairy industries address this issue and highlight the need for these industries to adapt to environmental issues. Based on current solid waste legislation, the dairy industry should seek to adapt and integrate sustainable technologies into its processes and routines. The adoption of these practices has a direct and positive influence on the marketing and commercialization of the company

Thermal regime modeling of the public supply tropical reservoir at Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil

Water temperature changes and the dynamics of thermal stratification of an aquatic ecosystem directly influence physical, chemical and biological processes. Due to disturbances in these environments, such as climate change and multiple water uses, studies which employ modeling are important to support emergency decision-making and future planning. In this context, this study evaluated the thermal behavior of the water supply reservoir of São Pedro, located in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, using mathematical modeling with the IPH-ECO model to evaluate the surface temperature of water, based on meteorological and hydrological data representing the forcing and boundary conditions, respectively. The modeling of the thermal system showed a significant correlation between predicted and observed values, characterizing the reservoir as a homogeneous environment. The simulations indicated that the tributary contribution determines the pattern of spatio-temporal distribution of water temperature in the reservoir, limiting or regulating the variability of its temperature.As alterações de temperatura da água e a dinâmica de estratificação térmica de um ecossistema aquático influenciam diretamente os processos físicos, químicos e biológicos. Devido às perturbações em que esses ambientes estão expostos, tais como mudanças climáticas e usos múltiplos da água, os estudos por meio de modelagem são importantes para suportar tomadas de decisão emergenciais e planejamentos futuros. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o comportamento térmico do reservatório de São Pedro utilizado para abastecimento de água, localizado no município de Juiz de Fora, MG, por meio da modelagem matemática com o modelo IPH-ECO para avaliar a temperatura superficial da água, com base em dados meteorológicos e hidrológicos, representando as forçantes e as condições de contorno, respectivamente. A modelagem do regime térmico mostrou correspondência significativa entre os valores simulados e observados, caracterizando o reservatório como um ambiente homogêneo. As simulações indicaram que a contribuição dos afluentes determina o padrão de distribuição espaço-temporal da temperatura da água no reservatório, limitando ou regularizando a sua variabilidade da temperatura

Modelagem do regime térmico de um reservatório tropical de abastecimento público, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil

Water temperature changes and the dynamics of thermal stratification of an aquatic ecosystem directly influence physical, chemical and biological processes. Due to disturbances in these environments, such as climate change and multiple water uses, studies which employ modeling are important to support emergency decision-making and future planning. In this context, this study evaluated the thermal behavior of the water supply reservoir of São Pedro, located in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, using mathematical modeling with the IPH-ECO model to evaluate the surface temperature of water, based on meteorological and hydrological data representing the forcing and boundary conditions, respectively. The modeling of the thermal system showed a significant correlation between predicted and observed values, characterizing the reservoir as a homogeneous environment. The simulations indicated that the tributary contribution determines the pattern of spatio-temporal distribution of water temperature in the reservoir, limiting or regulating the variability of its temperature