Impacto de la creación de un nuevo distrito e importancia del saneamiento de límites sobre el Sistema Estadístico del Ministerio de Educación

Propone elaborar una propuesta que aborde los procedimientos para realizar los ajustes que corresponde hacer cada vez que se suscite una variación territorial y normar sobre las implicancias que esta variación tiene sobre los sistemas de información del sector Educación. La forma expeditiva de hacerlo reside en la elaboración y aprobación de una Norma Técnica que explicite los alcances de estas variaciones territoriales y precise la responsabilidad que les compete a las instancias involucradas

Effects of the interaction of diabetes and iron supplementation on hepatic and pancreatic tissues, oxidative stress markers, and liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression

This study evaluated the effects of the interaction of diabetes and a carbonyl iron supplemented on hepatic and pancreatic tissues, oxidative stress markers and liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expressions. Hamsters were divided: Control which received a standard AIN 93 diet; Control Iron, composed of control animals that received a diet with 0.83% carbonyl iron; Diabetic, composed of animals that received a injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on day 35; and Diabetic Iron composed of streptozotocin treated animals that received a diet supplemented with carbonyl iron. Diabetes increased the glucose level and reduced triglycerides. Diabetic Iron group showed higher levels of glucose and serum triglycerides as compared to the Diabetic group. Diabetes decreased mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Iron attenuated the diabetes induced down regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α mRNA. Moreover, diabetes increased carbonyl protein and decreased glutathione levels and catalase activity, while iron attenuated the increase in levels of carbonyl protein and attenuated the decrease in those of glutathione level and catalase activity. Histological analysis shows that supplementation iron caused an increase in the size of the islets in Control Iron. The results show that iron does not aggravated liver oxidant/antioxidant status and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression in diabetic hamsters

Dietary açai modulates ROS production by neutrophils and gene expression of liver antioxidant enzymes in rats

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Because increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms are important factors in the development of diabetic complications and many health claims have been reported for açai, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective effects of açai on the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils and on the liver antioxidant defense system in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diet supplementation with 2% açai was found to increase mRNA levels for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione peroxidase in liver tissue and to decrease reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils. Compared to control animals, diabetic rats exhibited lower levels of mRNA coding for Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and higher levels of reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and carbonyl proteins in hepatic tissues. Although açai supplementation was not effective in restore gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats, it showed a protective effect, decreasing thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and increasing reduced glutathione content in the liver. These findings suggest that açai can modulate reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils and that it has a significant favorable effect on the liver antioxidant defense system under fisiological conditions of oxidative stress and partially revert deleterious effects of diabetes in the liver

A review of zoonotic pathogens in Tilapia: Uma revisão sobre patogenos zoonóticos de Tilápia

Oreochromis niloticus, or Nile tilapia, is widely consumed. This fish can cause several direct ecological imbalances in addition to transporting several pathogens. Pathogens in tilapia are responsible for several deaths in natural environments and commercial aquaculture, and hense, constitute an economic, social, and sanitary threat. This study gathered information from the literature and identified 18 species of pathogens with zoonotic potential found in tilapia, in addition to mapping the distribution of these fishes in Brazilian natural environments. We found that the most common pathogens involved were bacteria, protozoa, fungi and helminths (Trematoda and Nematoda). In Brazil, we also identified that the introduction of O. niloticus has grown in recent decades, and O. niloticus have been found mainly in the eastern region of the country, overlaying the region with the highest fish population density in Brazil. This work serves as an alert and a guide for planning public health policies to mitigate the possible consequences of the uncontrolled introduction of tilapia in the national territory

ALTIMETRIA GNSS DE PRECISÃO APLICADA AO MONITORAMENTO DA DINÂMICA SEDIMENTAR COSTEIRA DE CURTA DURAÇÃO EM ESCALA REGIONAL

Este trabalho apresenta metodologia utilizada na altimetria GNSS de precisãoaplicada em estudos costeiros de praias arenosas localizadas no Litoral Setentrionaldo Rio Grande do Norte, baseada em cálculo, modelagem e remoção daComponente Sistemática (CS) do modelo geoidal. Os métodos foram aplicados eavaliados utilizando o modelo geoidal MAPGEO. O cálculo da CS foi realizado emReferências de Nível (RNs) localizadas na área de estudo pela subtração entre asalturas geoidais gravimétricas, obtidas pelo modelo geoidal, e as geométricas,obtidas pelo posicionamento GNSS em RNs. Após modelagem e remoção da CS,por um modelo superfície polinomial quadrático, a CS calculada, com média de -0,498 m, Desvio Padrão (DP) de 0,110 m e Erro Quadrático Médio (EQM) de 0,509m, passou a ter média nula, DP de 0,065 m e EQM de 0,062 m. Avaliaçõesrealizadas a partir de pontos de controle externos ao modelo mostraram que ametodologia forneceu acurácia decimétrica à altimetria GNSS, adequada ao monitoramento da elevada dinâmica sedimentar em ambientes costeiros, fatocomprovado no estudo de caso apresentado

Apuntes en torno al Sistema de Información de Apoyo a la Gestión de la Institución Educativa (SIAGIE) : recomendaciones y proyecciones para el mediano plazo

Establece lineamientos para la oportuna emisión de la normatividad pedagógica que deviene luego en el desarrollo de sistemas de información. Del mismo modo, formula y propone una definición institucional del concepto de administración de sistemas de información. Asimismo, fija las bases para la incorporación gradual en el sistema, de los procesos respectivos de la Educación Básica Especial (EBE) y de la Educación Básica Alternativa (EBA), similarmente a lo ya realizado con los procesos de Matrícula y Evaluación de la Educación Básica Regular (EBR)

PREPARO DO SOLO, INOCULAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO EM COBERTURA NO FEIJOEIRO COMUM DE INVERNO IRRIGADO

O feijão comum é uma planta exigente em nutrientes, principalmente em relação ao N. A adoção de um sistema de preparo que possibilite melhorar as condições do solo, associada ao fornecimento adequado de N pode ser de suma importância no sentido de aumentar a eficiência da planta na utilização dos recursos disponíveis. Assim propôs-se o estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes preparos do solo, inoculação de sementes com Rhizobium tropici e doses de N em cobertura no desenvolvimento e produtividade de grãos do feijão comum, cultivar Pérola, no período de inverno e irrigado. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria (MS) nos anos de 2006 e 2007. O delineamento estatístico foi blocos casualizados disposto em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 4, envolvendo três modalidades de preparo do solo (escarificador + grade niveladora, grade pesada + grade niveladora e plantio direto), inoculação ou não de sementes com estirpes de Rhizobium tropici (presença e ausência) e aplicação de N em cobertura aplicadas por ocasião da fase V4-5 (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 ), com quatro repetições. Concluiu-se que o preparo do solo, com grade pesada, escarificador ou plantio direto e o uso de inoculação de sementes com Rhizobium tropici não alteram a produtividade de grãos da cultura e, a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura proporciona incremento na produtividade de grãos superior a 17% na dose de 180 kg de N ha-1 em relação ao tratamento testemunha. ABSTRACT Common bean is a demanding plant in nutrients, mainly in relation to nitrogen. The adoption of a management system that improves the soil conditions, associated to the appropriate nitrogen supply can be very important to increase the plant efficiency in the use of the available resources. This study aimed to evaluate different combinations of soil management, seed inoculation and nitrogen doses in the growth and yield of irrigated common bean plant in winter period. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria county (MS) in years of 2006 and 2007. A randomized completely blocks design in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 x 4, constituted by three soil management (chisel ploughing + leveling disk, heavy disk + leveling disk, and no till), seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici ( with or without inoculation) and nitrogen doses at sidedressing on stage V4-5 (zero, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), with four repetitions, was used. The soil management with chisel ploughing, heavy disk, or no till, and the use of seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici does not interfere in the irrigated common bean yield; the nitrogen fertilization at sidedressing provides increment above 17% at dose of 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in relation to control

Ayacucho : ¿cómo vamos en educación?

Reúne información estadística relevante de la situación actual de la educación de la región Ayacucho, ha sido hecho para servir como una guía informativa amigable de todos aquellos actores de la región que puedan influir positivamente en su realidad educativa. Entre 2004 y 2013, las tasas de asistencia de Ayacucho para los tres niveles de educación básica regular han aumentado y son relativamente similares a las nacionales. En primaria, la tasa de asistencia pasó de 86.2% a 94.1%. El acceso a educación inicial aumentó de manera más claras en el período, pasando de 44.3% en el 2004 a 80.4% en 2013. En el nivel secundaria, la tasa de asistencia pasó de 57.7% en el 2004 a 76.5% en el 2013. En 2014, el número de alumnos por docente en Ayacucho en inicial (14), primaria (11) y secundaria (10), son menores a los valores nacionales (16, 14 y 11 respectivamente). En el nivel inicial, la mayoría de provincias tiene valores entre 11 y 15 estudiantes por docente, pero son más heterogéneos en los niveles de primaria y secundaria. Ayacucho presenta similares tasas de desaprobación y retiro con respecto a todo el país, tanto en primaria como en secundaria. Sin embargo, el atraso escolar en primaria y secundaria en Ayacucho (13.0% y 25.3% respectivamente), supera a los niveles nacionales (8.8% y 13.7% respectivamente). El porcentaje de desaprobados en primaria en las provincias de Ayacucho fluctúa desde 1.6% en Parinacochas hasta 7.1% en Vilcashuamán, en tanto que en secundaria oscila entre 1.7% en Parinacochas y 13.7% en Huanca Sancos. En ambos casos, la mayoría de distritos tiene menos del 10% de estudiantes con atraso escolar, aunque en secundaria la cantidad de distritos con más del 20% de atraso es mayor a dicho 10%. En cuanto al porcentaje de retirados en 2013, la mayoría de distritos en primaria y secundaria se ubican debajo de 8.0%. Sin embargo, en secundaria hay una cantidad significativa de distritos con más de 8% de retiro