Credibilidade das políticas econômicas no Brasil: uma análise empírica do período 1991-1998

The development of credibility and temporal inconsistency literature has contributed to non inflationary policy formulation in many countries. When a policy is implemented, the governmental credibility is pointed out as the main problem faced by policymakers. In this paper, credibility of economic policy is estimated analyzing the relationship between real interest rate differential and unemployment. The results suggest that the economic policy was not credible in sub-periods 1 and 4 (February 1991 to December 1992 and July 1996 to July 1998) and credible in sub-period 3 (June 1994 to June 1996). In sub-period 2 it was not possible to detect if the economic policy implemented was credible or not

Mecanismos dosadores podem afetar a qualidade física das sementes de milho em diferentes velocidades de semeadura?

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the main commodities of Brazilian agribusiness, however, the sowing operation of this crop still presents challenges related to the performance of the metering mechanisms and operational speed, since these can affect the physical quality of the seeds and impair germination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of maize seeds as a function of different metering mechanisms and operational speeds in a controlled sowing trial. The experiment was carried out at the State University, UNESP/Botucatu-SP, using five commercial models of seed dosers at four operational sowing speeds. The results showed that the metering model and the operational speed directly affected the physical quality of the corn seeds, reducing on average 3.17% their germination power. The sowing speed did not directly affect the water content of the corn seeds; however, it proportionally increased the number of damages. Regardless of the metering mechanism, operating speeds between 4 and 6km h -1, provided less damage to the seeds.O milho (Zea mays L.) é uma das principais commodities do agronegócio brasileiro, entretanto, a operação de semeadura desta cultura, ainda apresenta desafios relacionados ao desempenho dos mecanismos dosadores e velocidade operacional, já que estes podem afetar a qualidade física das sementes e prejudicar a germinação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade física de sementes de milho em função de diferentes mecanismos dosadores e velocidades operacionais em ensaio controlado de semeadura. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP/Botucatu-SP, utilizando-se cinco modelos comerciais de dosadores de sementes em quatro velocidades operacionais de semeadura. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo de dosador e a velocidade operacional afetaram diretamente a qualidade física das sementes de milho, reduzindo em média 3,17% o poder germinativo destas. A velocidade de semeadura, não afetou diretamente o teor de água das sementes de milho, entretanto, aumentou proporcionalmente o número de danos. Independentemente do mecanismo dosador, as velocidades operacionais entre 4 e 6km h-1, propiciaram menor intensidade de danos às sementes

Essay on Tax Enforcement, Optimal Monetary Policy and Labor Supply

125 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.The third essay investigates the role played by tax enforcement policies in explaining labor supply behavior. Tax distortions can be offset by informal activities because households can substitute from market work into informal or non-taxed work. The formal sector TFP plays an important role in explaining agents' time allocation. Informal activities and tax enforcement policies can potentially explain the pattern of market work and tax rates in OECD countries; this has important welfare implications.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Essay on Tax Enforcement, Optimal Monetary Policy and Labor Supply

125 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.The third essay investigates the role played by tax enforcement policies in explaining labor supply behavior. Tax distortions can be offset by informal activities because households can substitute from market work into informal or non-taxed work. The formal sector TFP plays an important role in explaining agents' time allocation. Informal activities and tax enforcement policies can potentially explain the pattern of market work and tax rates in OECD countries; this has important welfare implications.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Poverty and the Optimal General Income Tax-cum-Audit Policy

This paper investigates the optimal general income tax and audit policies when poverty is a public bad and income is not observed in an economy with two types of individuals. Dierently from the traditional "non-distortion at the top" result of the optimal taxation literature, we nd that the optimal marginal income tax rate on skilled individuals is positive when reducing poverty is one of the goals of the social planner and their consumption can affect negatively the poverty measure. Consequently, skilled individuals might be audited stochastically. We characterize a tax regime in which unskilled workers face a negative marginal tax.Poverty, Tax evasion, Optimum Taxation

Optimal monetary and audit policy with imperfect taxation

We study optimal monetary and fiscal policy in the presence of informal activities and tax evasion in a cash-and-credit model where identical households are audited to determine their compliance with the tax code. Taxation of informal labor is imperfect, but the government has tools to deal with informal activities and can choose them optimally to reduce fiscal distortions. We characterize both the optimal monetary (optimal interest rate) and fiscal policy (optimal income tax, evasion penalty and audit probability). When auditing is costless, a nominal interest rate equal to zero is optimal and attained when all agents are audited and both types of labor are taxed at the same rate. In the presence of auditing costs, the optimal audit policy does not follow the Friedman rule, and we report the welfare costs of implementing this monetary policy prescription. We derive conditions under which the Friedman rule can be recovered in an economy with informal activities.Monetary and fiscal policy Friedman rule Informal economy Tax evasion