Motivation, Comportements Organisationnels Discrétionnaires et Bien-être en Milieu Africain : Quand le Devoir Oblige

This study tested with Gabonese employees (N = 146) an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) model based on the motivational model of job burnout (MMJB). It was hypothesized that the more supervisors will satisfy employee's needs for self-determination, competence, and relatedness, the more employee work motivations will be self-determined. Supervisory style and motivation will then predict job satisfaction which then influences life satisfaction. Work motivation and job satisfaction should also determine OCB and the latter should then influence life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling analyses mostly confirmed the model. One unexpected link was that altruism OCB was negatively predicted by self-determined motivations which then negatively predicted life satisfaction. Results support SDT showing, as such, that a behavior regulated by non-self-determined motivations will negatively affect well-being. Cette étude vérifie auprès d'employés gabonais (N = 146) un modèle de comportements organisationnels discrétionnaires (COD) basé sur le modèle motivationnel de l'épuisement professionnel. Il postule que plus le style de mobilisation du supérieur satisfait les besoins d'autodétermination, de compétence et d'attachement, plus la motivation sera autodéterminée et meilleure sera la satisfaction au travail; en retour, ces variables influenceront positivement l'adoption de COD altruistes et consciencieux, lesquels auront finalement des répercussions positives sur la satisfaction de vie. Des analyses de modélisation confirment dans l'ensemble ce modèle. La motivation autodéterminée était toutefois négativement reliée aux comportements altruistes, lesquels prédisaient d'ailleurs négativement la satisfaction de vie. Ces résultats appuient également la théorie de l'autodétermination selon laquelle les comportements issus d'une motivation non autodéterminée affectent négativement le bien-être.Organizational citizenship behavior, Work motivation, Supervisory style, Well-being, Africa, Self-Determination Theory, Comportements Organisationnels Discrétionnaires, Motivation au travail, Style de supervision, Bien-être, Afrique, Théorie de l'autodétermination

Dynamique Motivationnelle de l'Épuisement et du Bien-être chez des Enseignants Africains

This study examines the links between antecedents and consequences of Gabonese teachers' work motivation (N= 152). The theoretical underpinnings are based on the Motivational Model of Job Burnout (MMJB) and Self- Determination Theory (SDT) which states that the more supervisors will satisfy employee's needs for self-determination, competence, and relatedness, the more their work motivations will be self-determined. The latter will then have an impact on job satisfaction that will then determine life satisfaction. Higher levels of Self-determined motivations will also generate lower emotional exhaustion and psychological distress. The model was confirmed via structural equation modeling and provides support for the validity and generalizability for the MMJB and SDT. Cette étude examine la nature des liens entre des antécédents et conséquences de la motivation au travail d'enseignants gabonais (N = 152). Elle s'appuie sur le modèle motivationnel de l'épuisement professionnel qui soutient que plus le style de mobilisation du supérieur satisfait les besoins d'autodétermination, de compétence et d'attachement, plus la motivation des employés sera autodéterminée. Plus la motivation sera autodéterminée, meilleure sera la satisfaction au travail et, par la suite, la satisfaction de vie; en outre, moins élevé sera l'épuisement professionnel et, par la suite, la détresse psychologique. Le modèle a été confirmé à l'aide d'analyses par équations structurales et présente également un appui à la théorie de l'autodétermination.African teachers, Work motivation, Stress, Burnout, Sup style, Well-being, Self-Determination Theory, Enseignants africains, Motivation, Stress, Épuisement, Style de supervision, Bien-être, Travail, Théorie de l'autodétermination

WIDEBAND VALIDATION OF A PHASE RETRIEVAL PROCESS APPLIED TO INFRARED PLANAR NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENTS

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Recommendations for change in infection prevention programs and practice

Fifty years of evolution in infection prevention and control programs have involved significant accomplishments related to clinical practices, methodologies, and technology. However, regulatory mandates, and resource and research limitations, coupled with emerging infection threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic, present considerable challenges for infection preventionists. This article provides guidance and recommendations in 14 key areas. These interventions should be considered for implementation by United States health care facilities in the near future

Prognosis of cirrhotic patients admitted to intensive care unit: a meta-analysis

and METAREACIR GroupInternational audienceBackgroundThe best predictors of short- and medium-term mortality of cirrhotic patients receiving intensive care support are unknown.MethodsWe conducted meta-analyses from 13 studies (2523 cirrhotics) after selection of original articles and response to a standardized questionnaire by the corresponding authors. End-points were in-ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality in ICU survivors. A total of 301 pooled analyses, including 95 analyses restricted to 6-month mortality among ICU survivors, were conducted considering 249 variables (including reason for admission, organ replacement therapy, and composite prognostic scores).ResultsIn-ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality was 42.7, 54.1, and 75.1%, respectively. Forty-eight patients (3.8%) underwent liver transplantation during follow-up. In-ICU mortality was lower in patients admitted for variceal bleeding (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.36–0.59; p 19 at baseline (OR 8.54; 95% CI 2.09–34.91; p 26 (OR 3.97; 95% CI 1.92–8.22; p < 0.0001; PPV = 0.75), and hepatorenal syndrome (OR 4.67; 95% CI 1.24–17.64; p = 0.022; PPV = 0.88).ConclusionsPrognosis of cirrhotic patients admitted to ICU is poor since only a minority undergo liver transplant. The prognostic performance of general ICU scores decreases over time, unlike the Child–Pugh and MELD scores, even recorded in the context of organ failure. Infection-related parameters had a short-term impact, whereas liver and renal failure had a sustained impact on mortality