Non-uniqueness of the Quasinormal Mode Expansion of Electromagnetic Lorentz Dispersive Materials

Any optical structure possesses resonance modes and its response to an excitation can be decomposed onto the quasinormal and numerical modes of discretized Maxwell's operator. In this paper, we consider a dielectric permittivity that is a N-pole Lorentz function of the pulsation $\omega$. We propose a common formalism and obtain different formulas for the modal expansion. The non-uniqueness of the excitation coeffcient is due to a choice of the linearization of Maxwell's equation with respect to $\omega$ and of the form of the source term. We make the link between the numerical discrete modal expansion and analytical formulas that can be found in the literature. We detail the formulation of dispersive Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) in order to keep a linear eigenvalue problem. We also give an algorithm to regain an orthogonal basis for degenerate modes. Numerical results validate the different formulas and compare their accuracy.Comment: 11 figures, 21 page

Desarrollo de una web segura

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Informàtica, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2023, Director: Raúl Roca Cánovas[en] In this final degree project, a web application has been developed, analyzed, and implemented using the Vue and Python technologies, with Python being used alongside the Flask framework. The main focus of the web application revolves around cybersecurity. The primary vulnerabilities that can occur in such applications have been identified and studied. The operation of these vulnerabilities and commonly employed strategies to prevent or mitigate their impact has been investigated. The project report provides a detailed explanation of the main attack vectors, presents examples of each of them, and showcases the strategy that has been implemented to counteract them in the developed application. To accomplish this task, the recommendations and guidelines provided by OWASP, a recognized organization in the field of computer security, have been followed. OWASP develops a list of the top 10 most common vulnerabilities and provides guidance on how to address them. Both the project development and the choice of the topic have been carried out with the objective of obtaining a new perspective, tools, and knowledge that can be applied in future projects or work related to software development, due to the importance of cybersecurity in all stages of development, regardless of the specialization or the specific job field, given the current context of an increasingly interconnected and digital world. Data and system protection have become fundamental topics

Amélioration du développement modal des champs électromagnétiques par une méthode d’interpolation

We consider optical structures where the dielectric permittivity is described as a rational function of the pulsation ω (Lorentz model). The electromagnetic fields can be computed on a large number of frequencies by computing the eigenmodes of the optical device and reconstructing the solution by expanding it on these eigenmodes. This modal expansion suffers from numerous limitations that are detailed in this report. In order to overcome these limitations, an interpolation procedure is proposed such that the direct computation of the electric field is needed only for a small number of interpolation points. Numerical experiments in 2-D and 3-D exhibit the efficiency of this approach.Nous considérons des structures optiques où la permittivité diélectrique est une fonction rationnelle de ω (modèle de Lorentz). Les champs électromagnétiques peuvent être calculés pour un grand nombre de fréquences en calculant les modes propres du dispositif optique et en reconstruisant la solution en la développant sur ces modes. Ce développement modal souffre de nombreuses limitations qui sont détaillées dans ce rapport. Afin de dépasser ces limitations,une procédure d’interpolation est proposée de telle sorte que le champ électrique est calculé directement pour un petit nombre de points d’interpolation. Des expériences numériques en 2-Det 3-D montrent l’efficacité de cette approche

Non-unicité de la décomposition en modes quasi-normaux d’un champ électromagnétique pour des matériaux dispersifs régis par le modèle de Lorentz

11 figures, 21 pagesAny optical structure possesses resonance modes and its response to an excitation can be decomposed onto the quasinormal and numerical modes of discretized Maxwell's operator. In this paper, we consider a dielectric permittivity that is a N-pole Lorentz function of the pulsation $\omega$. We propose a common formalism and obtain different formulas for the modal expansion. The non-uniqueness of the excitation coeffcient is due to a choice of the linearization of Maxwell's equation with respect to $\omega$ and of the form of the source term. We make the link between the numerical discrete modal expansion and analytical formulas that can be found in the literature. We detail the formulation of dispersive Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) in order to keep a linear eigenvalue problem. We also give an algorithm to regain an orthogonal basis for degenerate modes. Numerical results validate the different formulas and compare their accuracy.Un dispositif optique possède des modes de résonances et sa réponse à une excitation peut être décomposée sur les modes quasi-normaux et les modes numériques de l’opérateur de Maxwell discrétisé. Dans ce papier, on considère une permittivité diélectrique qui est une fonction méromorphe de ω avec N pôles (modèle de Lorentz). Nous proposons un formalisme général pour obtenir différentes formules pour la décomposition selon les modes. La non-unicité du coefficient d’excitation est dû au choix de la linéarisation des équations de Maxwell par rapport à ω et de la forme du terme source. Nous établissons le lien entre la décomposition modale discrète et des formules analytiques qui peuvent être trouvées dans la littérature. Nous détaillons la formulation avec des PML (Perfectly Matched Layers) dispersives afin de conserver un problème aux valeurs propres linéaire. Nous donnons aussi un algorithme pour retrouver une base orthogonale pou rles modes dégénérés. Des résultats numériques valident les différentes formules et comparent leur précision

Establiment d'un canal de comunicacions en líquid mitjançant PMUTs

Aquest treball busca estudiar les possibilitats de formar un canal de comunicacions inalàmbriques mitjançant ultrasons, amb dispositius del tipus PMUT. En aquest sentit, s'implementen simulacions realitzades conjuntament en els programes Matlab i LTspice. Amb Matlab s'usen llibreries com el FIELD II per simular camps ultrasònics originats per transductors, i s'estableix un enllaç amb LTspice per poder simular la resposta obtinguda al passar pels filtres freqüencials necessaris per una comunicació Full-Duplex. Finalment, s'utilitzarà el protocol BPSK per establir el sistema de comunicacions.Este trabajo busca estudiar las posibilidades de formar un canal de comunicaciones inalámbricas mediante ultrasonidos, con dispositivos del tipo PMUT. En este sentido, se implementan simulaciones realizadas conjuntamente en los programas Matlab y LTspice. Con Matlab se usan librerías como FIELD II para simular campos ultrasónicos originados por transductores, y se establece un enlace con LTspice para poder simular la respuesta obtenida al pasar por los filtros frecuenciales necesarios para una comunicación Full-Duplex. Finalmente, se usará el sistema BPSK para establecer el sistema de comunicaciones.This dissertation looks for studying the possibilities of forming a wireless communication channel through ultrasounds use, with PMUT devices. To do that, simulations are made jointly in Matlab and LTspice programs. With Matlab libraries like FIELD II are used to simulate ultrasonic fields originated by transducers, and a link is established with LTspice in order to be able to simulate the response obtained when passing through frequency filters needed for a Full-Duplex communication. Finally, a BPSK system will be used to form the communication system

The Power of Wild Plants in Feeding Humanity: A Meta-Analytic Ethnobotanical Approach in the Catalan Linguistic Area

Wild food plants (WFP) have always been present in our kitchen, although they have not always been given the same importance as crops. In the Catalan linguistic area (CLA), covered in this paper, WFP were of great importance as a subsistence food not only during the years of the Spanish civil war (1936-1939) and World War II (1939-1945), but also long before these periods and in the years thereafter. The CLA has been well studied at the level of traditional knowledge on plant biodiversity, and much of this information is collected in a database by the EtnoBioFiC research group. The aim of this work is to carry out a meta-analysis of the WFP dataset of the CLA (only regarding edible uses, drinks excluded) and to identify the most quoted plants, and the information associated with them. With data from 1659 informants, we recorded 10,078 use reports of 291 taxa (278 of which at specific or subspecific levels and 13 only determined at generic level) belonging to 67 families. The most reported taxa, also with highest cultural importance indexes, are Thymus vulgaris, Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum, Laurus nobilis, Rubus ulmifolius and Mentha spicata. The ethnobotanicity index for food plants is 6.62% and the informant consensus factor, also for food uses, is a very high 0.97, supporting the robustness of the information. The results provided and discussed in this work concern a significant part of the edible resources in the territory considered, which is, often and mainly, underestimated and underutilised. Its consideration could be an opportunity to promote closer and more sustainable agriculture. From the state-of-the-art of this question, it is possible to propose old, in some cases forgotten foods that could be newly introduced onto the market, first, but not only, at a local level, which could be interesting for new crop development in the frame of a valorisation of territorial identity. Keywords: Catalan countries; Catalan linguistic area; edible plants; ethnobotany; traditional knowledge; wild food plant

iWindow - Intelligentes Maschinenfenster

Das Verbundforschungsprojekt iWindow: Intelligentes Maschinenfenster beschäftigte sich mit der visuellen Unterstützung von Maschinenbedienern an Werkzeugmaschinen. Diese konnten bisher nur auf wenige bis keine Systeme, die sie bei ihren täglichen Aufgaben direkt an der Werkzeugmaschine unterstützen, zurückgreifen. Das Forschungsprojekt verbindet reale und virtuelle Welt in der Werkzeugmaschine durch Technologien wie Virtual und Augmented Reality, digitaler Zwilling, Simulation und Mehrwertdienste. Durch Nutzung jeweils für die aktuelle Arbeitssituation passender Dienste, werden Mitarbeiter befähigt, sich an die steigende Individualisierung der Produkte und die flexiblere Produktion anzupassen. Kunden und Geschäftspartner werden durch die Möglichkeit eigene mehrwertgenerierende Dienste zu entwickeln und anderen Anwendern zur Verfügung zu stellen in den Wertschöpfungsprozess eingebunden. Diese Publikation beleuchtet die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts erarbeiteten Ergebnisse hinsichtlich für ein intelligentes Maschinenfenster benötigter Technologien und Entwicklungen

The First α Helix of Interleukin (Il)-2 Folds as a Homotetramer, Acts as an Agonist of the IL-2 Receptor β Chain, and Induces Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells

Interleukin (IL)-2 interacts with two types of functional receptors (IL-2Rαβγ and IL-2Rβγ) and acts on a broad range of target cells involved in inflammatory reactions and immune responses. For the first time, we show that a chemically synthesized fragment of the IL-2 sequence can fold into a molecule mimicking the quaternary structure of a hemopoietin. Indeed, peptide p1–30 (containing amino acids 1–30, covering the entire α helix A of IL-2) spontaneously folds into an α-helical homotetramer and stimulates the growth of T cell lines expressing human IL-2Rβ, whereas shorter versions of the peptide lack helical structure and are inactive. We also demonstrate that this neocytokine interacts with a previously undescribed dimeric form of IL-2Rβ. In agreement with its binding to IL-2Rβ, p1–30 activates Shc and p56lck but unlike IL-2, fails to activate Janus kinase (Jak)1, Jak3, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). Unexpectedly, we also show that p1–30 activates Tyk2, thus suggesting that IL-2Rβ may bind to different Jaks depending on its oligomerization. At the cellular level, p1–30 induces lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and preferentially activates CD8low lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which constitutively express IL-2Rβ. A significant interferon γ production is also detected after p1–30 stimulation. A mutant form of p1–30 (Asp20→Lys), which is likely unable to induce vascular leak syndrome, remains capable of generating LAK cells, like the original p1–30 peptide. Altogether, our data suggest that p1–30 has therapeutic potential

Laser monitoring system for the CMS lead tungstate crystal calorimeter

We report on the multiple wavelength laser monitoring system designed for the CMS lead tungstate crystal calorimeter read-out with avalanche photodiodes (Barrel calorimeters) and vacuum phototriodes (End Cap calorimeters). Results are presented for the test beam performance of the system designed to achieve 0.5% relative inter-calibration of the optical transmittance for lead tungstate scintillation emission over nearly 80 000 channels. The system operates in continuous measurement cycles to follow each crystal?s evolution under irradiation and recovery periods foreseen during operation at the LHC