Influència de la motivació en equips de futbol masculins de categoria juvenil

Curs 2013-2014El present projecte exposa un estudi sobre la motivació, un dels factors psicològics que intervenen en l’àmbit esportiu, concretament en el futbol. Es fa èmfasi en els tipus de motivació, les teories, els factors que hi intervenen, les tècniques que s’utilitzen i també el paper que desenvolupa l’entrenador en aquest àmbit. La investigació es situa en tres equips de futbol de categoria juvenil masculí, en la qual es pretén conèixer i analitzar com influeix en els jugadors la motivació i la seva participació en aquest esport. Es conclou sobre la necessitat de seguir treballant la motivació en cada equip per tal d’afavorir una major implicació dels jugadors i un clima més òptim de treball i sobre la importància de noves actuacions i tècniques que tinguin en compte la motivació a dos nivells: individual i col·lectiu.The project presents a study about motivation, one of the psychological aspects that take part in the sports field, specifically in football. It emphasizes the types of motivation, the theories, the factors that participate in motivation, the techniques used and also the role that the coach develops. The investigation studies three different masculine teams of football, which tries to know and analyse how the motivation influences the players and their participation in this sport. It concludes about the need of keep working with the motivation in each team in order to benefit a better implication of the players and an optimal atmosphere of work, and about the importance of new actions and techniques that keep in mind the motivation in two levels: individual and collective

Scrubber systems to improve air quality and animal welfare in intensive pig farms

Oral session 1[EN] Air quality is a key factor impacting pig welfare, especially in indoor-intensive production. Inside the barns, high levels of ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and suspended particulate matter (PM) can negatively affect animal health, welfare, productivity and environmen

Individual behavioral correlates of tail biting in pre-finishing piglets

Tail biting is a widespread problem in pig production systems and has a negative impact on both animal welfare and farm income. This explorative study aims to validate how tail biting is related to general behaviors at the individual level and explore whether these behaviors are related to a particular type of tail biting: two-stage, sudden-forceful, obsessive, or epidemic.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

D-Aware Project: digital technologies to support poultry farmers in the assessments of health and welfare

Oral session 3[EN] Currently, animal welfare is a well-established dimension of the sustainable animal production. Farmers already perceive animal welfare as a management aspect, acknowledging the interconnections between welfare, health, and performance. In this scenario, the Welfare Quality (WQ) and AWIN® projects developed protocols to assess and control risks associated to animal welfare for different poultry species

Individual behavioral correlates of tail biting in pre-finishing piglets

IntroductionTail biting is a widespread problem in pig production systems and has a negative impact on both animal welfare and farm income. This explorative study aims to validate how tail biting is related to general behaviors at the individual level and explore whether these behaviors are related to a particular type of tail biting: two-stage, sudden-forceful, obsessive, or epidemic.MethodsThis research was conducted in a standard commercial setting where 89 tail-docked pre-finishing piglets divided into 8 groups were observed 4 days per week from 5 to 8 weeks of age. Each piglet was observed for a total of 160 min using continuous focal sampling. Ten individual behaviors were recorded based on the general behaviors expected to be linked to giving tail biting (PCA1), receiving tail biting (PCA2), and tail biting damage (PCA3). These PCAs were assembled and related to tail biting given, tail biting received, and tail biting lesions.ResultsTail biting did not lead to major damage on the piglets' tail at 8 weeks of age but was observed 420 times, where most of the individuals (72%) were categorized as “biters and victims.” When relating PCA1 with tail biting given, piglets that gave more tail biting showed more “active exploration.” When relating PCA2 with tail biting received, piglets receiving more tail biting were more “explored while active” and “attacked and explored.” When relating PCA2 with tail biting lesions, piglets presenting lesions showed more “agonism.” Surprisingly, tail biting lesions were not significantly related to PCA3. The relationship between explorative behaviors and tail biting indicates that the pre-damage stage of two-stage tail biting was the predominant tail biting type, while the damaging stage was likely incipient. The relationship between tail biting and aggression, as well as the minor tail lesions observed suggest that sudden-forceful tail biting was probably present even though it was rarely seen. Obsessive and epidemic tail biting were not observed.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that studying tail biting at the individual level helps to identify the type of tail biting present. This gives directions to farmers for applying appropriate measures to prevent the development of tail biting behavior in piglets

Individual behavioral correlates of tail biting in pre-finishing piglets

INTRODUCTION: Tail biting is a widespread problem in pig production systems and has a negative impact on both animal welfare and farm income. This explorative study aims to validate how tail biting is related to general behaviors at the individual level and explore whether these behaviors are related to a particular type of tail biting: two-stage, sudden-forceful, obsessive, or epidemic. METHODS: This research was conducted in a standard commercial setting where 89 tail-docked pre-finishing piglets divided into 8 groups were observed 4 days per week from 5 to 8 weeks of age. Each piglet was observed for a total of 160 min using continuous focal sampling. Ten individual behaviors were recorded based on the general behaviors expected to be linked to giving tail biting (PCA1), receiving tail biting (PCA2), and tail biting damage (PCA3). These PCAs were assembled and related to tail biting given, tail biting received, and tail biting lesions. RESULTS: Tail biting did not lead to major damage on the piglets' tail at 8 weeks of age but was observed 420 times, where most of the individuals (72%) were categorized as "biters and victims." When relating PCA1 with tail biting given, piglets that gave more tail biting showed more "active exploration." When relating PCA2 with tail biting received, piglets receiving more tail biting were more "explored while active" and "attacked and explored." When relating PCA2 with tail biting lesions, piglets presenting lesions showed more "agonism." Surprisingly, tail biting lesions were not significantly related to PCA3. The relationship between explorative behaviors and tail biting indicates that the pre-damage stage of two-stage tail biting was the predominant tail biting type, while the damaging stage was likely incipient. The relationship between tail biting and aggression, as well as the minor tail lesions observed suggest that sudden-forceful tail biting was probably present even though it was rarely seen. Obsessive and epidemic tail biting were not observed. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that studying tail biting at the individual level helps to identify the type of tail biting present. This gives directions to farmers for applying appropriate measures to prevent the development of tail biting behavior in piglets

Glucocorticoids in relation to behavior, morphology, and physiology as proxy indicators for the assessment of animal welfare: A systematic mapping review

Translating theoretical concepts of animal welfare into quantitative assessment protocols is an ongoing challenge. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used as physiological measure in welfare assessment. The interpretation of levels of GCs and especially their relation to welfare, however, is not as straightforward, questioning the informative power of GCs. The aim of this systematic mapping review was therefore to provide an overview of the relevant literature to identify global patterns in studies using GCs as proxy for the assessment of welfare of vertebrate species. Following a systematic protocol and a-priory inclusion criteria, 509 studies with 517 experiments were selected for data extraction. The outcome of the experiments was categorized based on whether the intervention significantly affected levels of GCs, and whether these effects were accompanied by changes in behavior,morphology and physiology. Additional information, such as animal species, type of intervention, experimental set up and sample type used for GC determination was extracted, as well. Given the broad scope and large variation in included experiments,meta-analyses were not performed, but outcomes are presented to encourage further, in-depth analyses of the data set. The interventions did not consistently lead to changes in GCs with respect to the original authors hypothesis. Changes in GCs were not consistently paralleled by changes in additional assessment parameter on behavior, morphology and physiology. The minority of experiment quantified GCs in less invasive sample matrices compared to blood. Interventions showed a large variability, and species such as fish were underrepresented, especially in the assessment of behavior. The inconclusive effects on GCs and additional assessment parameter urges for further validation of techniques and welfare proxies. Several conceptual and technical challenges need to be met to create standardized and robust welfare assessment protocols and to determine the role of GCs herein

Glucocorticoids in relation to behavior, morphology, and physiology as proxy indicators for the assessment of animal welfare. A systematic mapping review

Translating theoretical concepts of animal welfare into quantitative assessment protocols is an ongoing challenge. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used as physiological measure in welfare assessment. The interpretation of levels of GCs and especially their relation to welfare, however, is not as straightforward, questioning the informative power of GCs. The aim of this systematic mapping review was therefore to provide an overview of the relevant literature to identify global patterns in studies using GCs as proxy for the assessment of welfare of vertebrate species. Following a systematic protocol and a-priory inclusion criteria, 509 studies with 517 experiments were selected for data extraction. The outcome of the experiments was categorized based on whether the intervention significantly affected levels of GCs, and whether these effects were accompanied by changes in behavior, morphology and physiology. Additional information, such as animal species, type of intervention, experimental set up and sample type used for GC determination was extracted, as well. Given the broad scope and large variation in included experiments, meta-analyses were not performed, but outcomes are presented to encourage further, in-depth analyses of the data set. The interventions did not consistently lead to changes in GCs with respect to the original authors hypothesis. Changes in GCs were not consistently paralleled by changes in additional assessment parameter on behavior, morphology and physiology. The minority of experiment quantified GCs in less invasive sample matrices compared to blood. Interventions showed a large variability, and species such as fish were underrepresented, especially in the assessment of behavior. The inconclusive effects on GCs and additional assessment parameter urges for further validation of techniques and welfare proxies. Several conceptual and technical challenges need to be met to create standardized and robust welfare assessment protocols and to determine the role of GCs herein

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

La memòria de treball en l'adultesa: un estudi evolutiu transversal

Curs 2018-2019Els estudis realitzats sobre el desenvolupament de la memòria de treball al llarg del cicle vital es centren en la infància, on hi ha un increment en el rendiment fins als 21 anys, i en la senectut, on es trobaria el major declivi, essent les variacions que es donen en l’edat adulta les menys estudiades. El present treball té com a objectiu identificar les diferències en les puntuacions de tasques de memòria de treball, verbal i visual, entre la població adulta. Mitjançant un disseny evolutiu transversal, s’ha estudiat la memòria de treball, entesa com el sistema encarregat de mantenir i manipular informació durant un període breu de temps (Baddeley, 1999), en 40 adults residents a Osona, entre 20 i 60 anys. La recollida de dades s’ha efectuat mitjançant les tasques complexes, que fan una demanda de processament d’informació al mateix temps que se n’ha de retenir d’altra, de forma intercalada. Els resultats mostren un rendiment de la memòria de treball visual significativament per sobre de la memòria de treball verbal entre els 20 i 30 anys, seguit d’una davallada i equiparació en el rendiment de la memòria de treball visual i verbal entre els 30 i 40 anys. Durant els 40 i 50 anys, el rendiment en la memòria de treball verbal es mantindria estable mentre que el rendiment en la memòria de treball visual disminuiria. Entre els 50 i 60 anys, ambdós tipologies disminuirien considerablement, obtenint resultats pràcticament nuls. La present recerca serveix com estudi previ a futures línies de treball, on el disseny i implementació de programes per alentir el declivi de la memòria i altres processos cognitius bàsics s’estableixin com objectius