Visión de estudiantes universitarios para determinar algunas características de liderazgo entre pares

This paper reports a longitudinal study to know how the students what are the characteristics that students identify in themselves and in their peers associated with leadership.  A questionnaire was applied to 286 students to find out the opinions of the students in relation to seven attributes of the behavior of their peers: 1) Is it accepted by the group? 2) Is it participatory? 3) Is it responsible? 4) Is it reliable? 5) Is it respectful? 6) Is it compromised? and 7) Is it punctual? In the results, differences were found that, although they are not significant, it is identified that those that most associate a leader are: That he be accepted by the group, that he be committed to its interests, and that he be respectful of the members of the community.  It is concluded that the characteristics identified by the majority of the students in a leader are those directly related to the social acceptance in order of the resolution of possible conflicts will imply, and with those that guarantee, as far as possible, the achievement of common objectives and the achievement of goals set collectively.Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio longitudinal, se recopilaron datos de dieciséis generaciones para conocer cuáles son las características que los estudiantes identifican en sí mismos y en sus compañeros asociadas al liderazgo.   Se aplicó un cuestionario a 286 alumnos de licenciatura para conocer sus opiniones en relación a siete aspectos relacionados con el liderazgo 1) ¿Es aceptado por el grupo? 2) ¿Es participativo? 3) ¿Es responsable? 4) ¿Es confiable? 5) ¿Es respetuoso? 6) ¿Es comprometido? y 7) ¿Es puntual? En los resultados, se identifica que las características que más asocian a un líder son: Que sea aceptado por el grupo, que sea comprometido con los intereses del mismo, y que sea respetuoso con los integrantes de la colectividad.   Se concluye que las características identificadas por la mayoría de los estudiantes en un líder son las directamente relacionadas con la aceptación social que implicará la resolución de posibles conflictos, y con aquellas que garanticen, en lo posible, el logro de objetivos comunes y la consecución de metas planteada

Tópicos de marketing

Lograr un equilibrio entre acciones humanas, armonía con la naturaleza, y satisfacer las necesidades del mercado actual sin poner en riesgo aquellos recursos que pudieran precisar las futuras generaciones, es lo importante de impulsar la aplicación del marketing sostenible en las organizaciones. Esto se logra a través de la elaboración de un plan de marketing sostenible que permitirá promover un consumo responsable a través de información clara y oportuna sobre los beneficios personales y sociales que genera la adquisición de productos sostenibles; implantar el reciclado a través de la logística de reversa, procedimiento que origina poca o nula generación de desechos, proporcionar empleos seguros, apoyar al medio ambiente y con responsabilidad social, son algunos beneficios que aporta. El presente capítulo tiene como objetivo proporcionar los principales aspectos que abordan el marketing sostenible, mostrar la importancia de la realización de este marketing para las empresas, así como aportar los pasos para desarrollar un plan de marketing sostenible

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research