Morbidity and mortality in newborns born to adolescent mothers

Introduction: pregnancy in adolescence is a concern of these times, motherhood in adolescents means risk for their health and that of their child. Objective: to describe morbidity and mortality in newborns born to adolescent mothers admitted to the Neonatology service of the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" General Teaching Hospital of Pinar del Río in the period 2019-2020. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional observational research was carried out in the Neonatology service of the General Teaching Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" of Pinar del Río, during the years 2019 - 2020. The sample universe consisted of 270 newborns born to adolescent mothers, descriptive statistics were used. Results: mothers with late adolescence predominated (71,5 %), carriers of pregnancy-induced hypertension (24,8 %) and in their offspring newborns born at term (73,7 %), normopeso (76,3 %), with adequate intrauterine growth (67 %), born by transvaginal delivery (75,2 %), in good condition (85,5 %), with metabolic disorders being the most frequent complications (18,1 %), followed by perinatal infections (16,7 %).  Among the deceased there was a predominance of children born to mothers in late adolescence. Conclusions: adolescent pregnancy has a negative impact on the health status of their offspring by increasing morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. The most frequent complications were metabolic disorders, followed by perinatal infections and respiratory distress. Bronchopneumonia predominated among the deceased.  Pregnancy-induced hypertension was the main associated disease in the mother

patrimonio intelectual

Actas de congresoLas VI Jornadas se realizaron con la exposición de ponencias que se incluyeron en cuatro ejes temáticos, que se desarrollaron de modo sucesivo para facilitar la asistencia, el intercambio y el debate, distribuidos en tres jornadas. Los ejes temáticos abordados fueron: 1. La enseñanza como proyecto de investigación. Recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje como mejoras de la calidad educativa. 2. La experimentación como proyecto de investigación. Del ensayo a la aplicabilidad territorial, urbana, arquitectónica y de diseño industrial. 3. Tiempo y espacio como proyecto de investigación. Sentido, destino y usos del patrimonio construido y simbólico. 4. Idea constructiva, formulación y ejecución como proyecto de investigación. Búsqueda y elaboración de resultados que conforman los proyectos de la arquitectura y el diseño

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 8

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 8, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Educación al amor, afectividad y sexualidad en un contexto de educación para la salud integral de la persona

Se desarrolla una experiencia de Educación Sexual que termine con la distorsión de información e ignorancia que acompaña tradicionalmente a estos temas, consiguiendo la formación integral del alumno. Los objetivos son integrar en cada persona, de forma positiva y armónica, su dimensión sexual dentro de sus rasgos y sus relaciones con los demás; integrar la propia corporalidad como algo positivo que hay que cuidar y valorar; generar soluciones correctas a los diversos problemas que se pueden dar en este campo; analizar cada individuo su sexualidad y las repercusiones que tiene sobre su desarrollo; y elegir sistemas de valores basados en el respeto y la responsabilidad frente a su sexualidad y la de los demás. La evaluación es continua y se valora el grado de conocimientos y comprensión de los temas tratados a partir de las fichas y trabajos de clase..Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de SanidadMadridNo disponibleES

Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity Interacts with Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val105/158Met Variation Increasing the Risk of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous and severe psychotic disorder. Epidemiological findings have suggested that the exposure to infectious agents such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. On the other hand, there is evidence involving the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val105/158Met polymorphism in the aetiology of schizophrenia since it alters the dopamine metabolism. A case–control study of 141 patients and 142 controls was conducted to analyse the polymorphism, the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG, and their interaction on the risk for schizophrenia. IgG were detected by ELISA, and genotyping was performed with TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Although no association was found between any COMT genotype and schizophrenia, we found a significant association between T. gondii seropositivity and the disorder (χ2 = 11.71; p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the risk for schizophrenia conferred by T. gondii was modified by the COMT genotype, with those who had been exposed to the infection showing a different risk compared to that of nonexposed ones depending on the COMT genotype (χ2 for the interaction = 7.28, p-value = 0.007). This study provides evidence that the COMT genotype modifies the risk for schizophrenia conferred by T. gondii infection, with it being higher in those individuals with the Met/Met phenotype, intermediate in heterozygous, and lower in those with the Val/Val phenotype

Mitochondrial DNA diversity in prehispanic bone remains associated to the Temple of the Sun in the Colombian eastern Andes

Introducción. El ADN antiguo que se extrae de los restos óseos humanos permite analizar la composición genética de las poblaciones precolombinas y determinar las dinámicas poblacionales que dieron origen a la diversidad de las poblaciones contemporáneas. Objetivo. Determinar la diversidad genética y la relación con otras comunidades contemporáneas y antiguas de América, de los restos óseos asociados al Templo del Sol en Sogamoso, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 13 individuos pertenecientes al periodo precolombino muisca (siglos IX-XVI d. C.), provenientes de los alrededores del Templo del Sol en Sogamoso, Boyacá, Andes orientales colombianos. Se amplificó el ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) y se determinaron los polimorfismos de la longitud de los fragmentos de restricción (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP) para los cuatro haplogrupos amerindios (A, B, C y D). Además, se amplificaron y analizaron los marcadores autosómicos, incluida la amelogenina, y los marcadores de los polimorfismos de repeticiones cortas en tándem (Short Tandem Repeat, STR) del cromosoma Y. Resultados. El haplogrupo A fue el linaje mitocondrial más frecuente en esta población, seguido de los haplogrupos B y C; no se detectó el haplogrupo D. Los análisis de variación genética indicaron una diversidad semejante a la de las poblaciones pertenecientes a la familia lingüística chibcha, contemporánea en Colombia y Centroamérica. Se logró hacer la determinación molecular del sexo de los individuos estudiados y compararla con los datos osteológicos. Con una sola excepción, los datos bioantropológicos y moleculares concordaron. Conclusiones. Estos resultados aportan nuevos elementos a la hipótesis del origen centroamericano de los grupos chibchas del altiplano cundiboyacense con base en marcadores genéticos, y permitieron establecer el sexo y las relaciones de parentesco.Q3Artículo original548-560Introduction. The ancient DNA that is extracted from human bone remains allows analyzing the genetic composition of pre-Columbian populations and determining the population dynamics that gave rise to the diversity of contemporary populations. Objective. To determine the genetic diversity and the relationship with other contemporary and ancient communities of America, from the skeletal remains associated with the Temple of the Sun in Sogamoso, Colombia. Materials and methods. 13 individuals belonging to the pre-Columbian Muisca period (IX-XVI centuries AD), from the surroundings of the Temple of the Sun in Sogamoso, Boyacá, eastern Colombian Andes were analyzed. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was amplified and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP) were determined for the four Amerindian haplogroups (A, B, C and D). In addition, autosomal markers, including amelogenin, and short tandem repeating polymorphisms (Short Tandem Repeat, STR) of the Y chromosome were amplified and analyzed. Results Haplogroup A was the most frequent mitochondrial lineage in this population, followed by haplogroups B and C; Haplogroup D was not detected. Genetic variation analyzes indicated a diversity similar to that of populations belonging to the Chibcha linguistic family, contemporary in Colombia and Central America. It was possible to make the molecular determination of the sex of the individuals studied and compare it with the osteological data. With only one exception, the bioanthropological and molecular data agreed. Conclusions These results contribute new elements to the hypothesis of the Central American origin of the Chibcha groups of the Cundiboyacense highlands based on genetic markers, and allowed to establish sex and kinship relations

Toxoplasma gondii Infection Interacts with Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met Genotype Increasing the Risk of Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous and severe psychotic disorder. Epidemiological findings have suggested that the exposure to infectious agents such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. On the other hand, there is evidence involving the catechol- O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val105/158Met polymorphism in the aetiology of schizophrenia since it alters the dopamine metabolism. A case-control study of 141 patients and 142 controls was conducted to analyse the polymorphism, the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG, and their interaction on the risk for schizophrenia. IgG were detected by ELISA, and genotyping was performed with TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Although no association was found between any COMT genotype and schizophrenia, we found a significant association between T. gondii seropositivity and the disorder (χ2 = 11.71; p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the risk for schizophrenia conferred by T. gondii was modified by the COMT genotype, with those who had been exposed to the infection showing a different risk compared to that of nonexposed ones depending on the COMT genotype (χ2 for the interaction = 7.28,p-value = 0.007). This study provides evidence that the COMT genotype modifies the risk for schizophrenia conferred by T. gondii infection, with it being higher in those individuals with the Met/Met phenotype, intermediate in heterozygous, and lower in those with the Val/Val phenotype

WHO Ordinal Scale and Inflammation Risk Categories in COVID-19

Background: The WHO ordinal severity scale has been used to predict mortality and guide trials in COVID-19. However, it has its limitations. Objective The present study aims to compare three classificatory and predictive models: the WHO ordinal severity scale, the model based on inflammation grades, and the hybrid model. Design Retrospective cohort study with patient data collected and followed up from March 1, 2020, to May 1, 2021, from the nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality. As this was a hospital-based study, the patients included corresponded to categories 3 to 7 of the WHO ordinal scale. Categories 6 and 7 were grouped in the same category. Key Results A total of 17,225 patients were included in the study. Patients classified as high risk in each of the WHO categories according to the degree of inflammation were as follows: 63.8% vs. 79.9% vs. 90.2% vs. 95.1% (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality for WHO ordinal scale categories 3 to 6/7 was as follows: 0.8% vs. 24.3% vs. 45.3% vs. 34% (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality for the combined categories of ordinal scale 3a to 5b was as follows: 0.4% vs. 1.1% vs. 11.2% vs. 27.5% vs. 35.5% vs. 41.1% (p<0.001). The predictive regression model for in-hospital mortality with our proposed combined ordinal scale reached an AUC=0.871, superior to the two models separately. Conclusions The present study proposes a new severity grading scale for COVID-19 hospitalized patients. In our opinion, it is the most informative, representative, and predictive scale in COVID-19 patients to date

La revisión documental en investigación musical : algunas experiencias.

Explorar en el pasado, indagar en los asuntos que otros produjeron en otros tiempos, identificar, examinar, analizar, descubrir cómo transmitieron, compartieron, provocaron emociones, sentimientos, evocaciones, crearon cohesiones, convocaron, concitaron el sonido, la magia de aparatos sonoros que coordinados suenan, con sus formas, brillos, cuerdas, parches, todo un espectáculo, la banda, la orquesta, el grupo, el coro o todos a la vez, la celebración, el ritual, la escena, la iglesia, el auditorio, el concierto, el programa, la ceremonia, los atuendos, el uniforme, la capa, las partituras, los maestros, las autoridades, al fondo un barullo de sonidos simultáneos, se repasan los pasajes arriesgados, la agitación previa con uno que otro sobresalto, afanes y carreras, todos listos, ordenados, irrumpen los aplausos y en sus puestos con el instrumento listo, al gesto de batuta, cabezazo o señal… ¡la música vive…! Acudir desde la memoria, con el peso del tiempo transcurrido, el acumulado del abandono y la desidia, y retomar las evidencias de esos momentos célebres que dejaron huellas imborrables que marcaron vidas, es el trabajo que nos expone La revisión documental en investigación musical desde algunas experiencias. Recuperar no solo los objetos, sino esencialmente el sentido de la memoria en un presente que reclama su existencia, para un futuro que merece su lugar. Ese es el desafío de la revisión documental de la música, hacer y construir conocimiento, con nuevos cargamentos de conocimiento y saber, aportando renovados elementos, valoraciones y juicios críticos al reconocer y redescubrir el sentido de sus orígenes, y el valor de su existencia en el presente. Es inevitable incidir, provocar tensiones, reacciones e impulsos hacia uno u otro enfoque de pensamiento, interpretación o categoría de análisis; ni los documentos, ni sus interpelaciones, son imparciales ni inermes. La música, por excelencia, es una expresión y práctica que se nutre de la creación, del disfrute, de los elementos que identifican, evocan, abstraen y proyectan todas las motivaciones que le dan sentido al existir. Reconocer, recuperar, caracterizar, organizar, transcribir, conservar, socializar la información y el contenido, implican ética y estéticamente a quienes intervienen los fondos documentales de la música, desde la perspectiva del compositor, el intérprete, las audiencias, las dimensiones de la historia, los contextos sociales y culturales, los proyectos musicales, la institucionalidad de la música, las ciudadanías y el desarrollo humano