Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, 2016 Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey update

Objective. To estimate recent overweight and obesity prevalences in Mexican population under 20 years from Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut MC 2016). Materials and methods. Ensanut MC 2016 is a probabilistic national survey which gives representative information from national, regional and rural/urban levels. BMIz was estimated through weight and height, then it was classified into overweight risk or overweight or obesity ac­cording to WHO growth reference standards. Association between overweight and sociodemographic information was analyzed through logistic regression models. Results. Overweight-obesity prevalence was 5.1% in girls and 6.5% in boys<5y, 32.8% in girls and 33.7% in boys 5-11y, and 39.2% in female adolescents and 33.5% in male adolescents. Female adolescents from rural localities increased overweight-obesity prevalence from 27.7% in 2012 to 37.2% in 2016. Conclu­sions. Overweight-obesity increased in girls and females, mainly from rural areas. Strategies focued in containing this phenomenon are encouraged to implement in this context

Diversity of HLA Class I and Class II blocks and conserved extended haplotypes in Lacandon Mayans.

Here we studied HLA blocks and haplotypes in a group of 218 Lacandon Maya Native American using a high-resolution next generation sequencing (NGS) method. We assessed the genetic diversity of HLA class I and class II in this population, and determined the most probable ancestry of Lacandon Maya HLA class I and class II haplotypes. Importantly, this Native American group showed a high degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower class II HLA allelic diversity than most previously reported populations (including other Native American groups). Distinctive alleles present in the Lacandon population include HLA-A*24:14 and HLA-B*40:08. Furthermore, in Lacandons we observed a high frequency of haplotypes containing the allele HLA-DRB1*04:11, a relatively frequent allele in comparison with other neighboring indigenous groups. The specific demographic history of the Lacandon population including inbreeding, as well as pathogen selection, may have elevated the frequencies of a small number of HLA class II alleles and DNA blocks. To assess the possible role of different selective pressures in determining Native American HLA diversity, we evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 and pathogen richness for a global dataset and for Native American populations alone. In keeping with previous studies of such relationships we included distance from Africa as a covariate. After correction for multiple comparisons we did not find any significant relationship between pathogen diversity and HLA genetic diversity (as measured by polymorphism information content) in either our global dataset or the Native American subset of the dataset. We found the expected negative relationship between genetic diversity and distance from Africa in the global dataset, but no relationship between HLA genetic diversity and distance from Africa when Native American populations were considered alone

Eculizumab in secondary atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Background. Complement dysregulation occurs in thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) other than primary atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). A few of these patients have been reported previously to be successfully treated with eculizumab. Methods. We identified 29 patients with so-called secondary aHUS who had received eculizumab at 11 Spanish nephrology centres. Primary outcome was TMA resolution, defined by a normalization of platelet count (>150 × 109/L) and haemoglobin, disappearance of all the markers of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), and improvement of renal function, with a ≥25% reduction of serum creatinine from the onset of eculizumab administration. Results. Twenty-nine patients with secondary aHUS (15 drug-induced, 8 associated with systemic diseases, 2 with postpartum, 2 with cancer-related, 1 associated with acute humoral rejection and 1 with intestinal lymphangiectasia) were included in this study. The reason to initiate eculizumab treatment was worsening of renal function and persistence of TMA despite treatment of the TMA cause and plasmapheresis. All patients showed severe MAHA and renal function impairment (14 requiring dialysis) prior to eculizumab treatment and 11 presented severe extrarenal manifestations. A rapid resolution of the TMA was observed in 20 patients (68%), 15 of them showing a ≥50% serum creatinine reduction at the last follow-up. Comprehensive genetic and molecular studies in 22 patients identified complement pathogenic variants in only 2 patients. With these two exceptions, eculizumab was discontinued, after a median of 8 weeks of treatment, without the occurrence of aHUS relapses. Conclusion. Short treatment with eculizumab can result in a rapid improvement of patients with secondary aHUS in whom TMA has persisted and renal function worsened despite treatment of the TMA-inducing conditionWork in this report was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III: REDinREN (RD 016/009 Feder Funds), the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (13/02502 and ICI14/00350), the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SAF2015-66287R) and the Autonomous Region of Madrid (S2010/BMD-2316; Grupo de Investigación Complemento-CM). SRdeC is funded by the Seventh Framework Programme European Union Project EURenOmics (305608

Gallstones, Body Mass Index, C-Reactive Protein, and Gallbladder Cancer: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Chilean and European Genotype Data

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a neglected disease with substantial geographical variability: Chile shows the highest incidence worldwide, while GBC is relatively rare in Europe. Here, we investigate the causal effects of risk factors considered in current GBC prevention programs as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) level as a marker of chronic inflammation. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using publicly available data and our own data from a retrospective Chilean and a prospective European study. Causality was assessed by inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimates complemented with sensitivity analyses on potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy, two-step MR, and mediation analysis. We found evidence for a causal effect of gallstone disease on GBC risk in Chileans (P = 9 × 10−5) and Europeans (P = 9 × 10−5). A genetically elevated body mass index (BMI) increased GBC risk in Chileans (P = 0.03), while higher CRP concentrations increased GBC risk in Europeans (P = 4.1 × 10−6). European results suggest causal effects of BMI on gallstone disease (P = 0.008); public Chilean data were not, however, available to enable assessment of the mediation effects among causal GBC risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Two risk factors considered in the current Chilean program for GBC prevention are causally linked to GBC risk: gallstones and BMI. For Europeans, BMI showed a causal effect on gallstone risk, which was itself causally linked to GBC risk. (Hepatology 2021;73:1783-1796).Fil: Barahona Ponce, Carol. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; Alemania. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Scherer, Dominique. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Brinster, Regina. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Boekstegers, Felix. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Marcelain, Katherine. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Gárate Calderón, Valentina. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; Alemania. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Müller, Bettina. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ChileFil: de Toro, Gonzalo. Hospital Puerto Montt; Chile. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Retamales, Javier. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ChileFil: Barajas, Olga. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Ahumada, Monica. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Morales, Erik. Hospital Regional de Talca; Chile. Universidad Católica del Maule; ChileFil: Rojas, Armando. Universidad Católica del Maule; ChileFil: Sanhueza, Verónica. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Loader, Denisse. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Rivera, María Teresa. Hospital del Salvador; ChileFil: Gutiérrez, Lorena. Hospital San Juan de Dios; ChileFil: Bernal, Giuliano. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Ortega, Alejandro. Hospital Regional; ChileFil: Montalvo, Domingo. Hospital Regional Juan Noé Crevani; ChileFil: Portiño, Sergio. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Bertrán, Maria Enriqueta. Ministerio de Salud; ChileFil: Gabler, Fernando. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Hospital Clinico San Borja Arriaran; ChileFil: Spencer, Loreto. Hospital Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Olloquequi, Jordi. Universidad Autónoma de Chile; ChileFil: Fischer, Christine. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Jenab, Mazda. International Agency For Research On Cancer; AlemaniaFil: Aleksandrova, Krasimira. German Institute Of Human Nutrition; AlemaniaFil: Katzke, Verena. German Cancer Research Center; AlemaniaFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentin

Development and internal validation of a multifactorial risk prediction model for gallbladder cancer in a high-incidence country

Since 2006, Chile has been implementing a gallbladder cancer (GBC) prevention program based on prophylactic cholecystectomy for gallstone patients aged 35 to 49 years. The effectiveness of this prevention program has not yet been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a retrospective study of 473 Chilean GBC patients and 2137 population-based controls to develop and internally validate three GBC risk prediction models. The Baseline Model accounted for gallstones while adjusting for sex and birth year. Enhanced Model I also included the non-genetic risk factors: body mass index, educational level, Mapuche surnames, number of children and family history of GBC. Enhanced Model II further included Mapuche ancestry and the genotype for rs17209837. Multiple Cox regression was applied to assess the predictive performance, quantified by the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PRC) and the number of cholecystectomies needed (NCN) to prevent one case of GBC at age 70 years. The AUC-PRC for the Baseline Model (0.44%, 95%CI 0.42-0.46) increased by 0.22 (95%CI 0.15-0.29) when non-genetic factors were included, and by 0.25 (95%CI 0.20-0.30) when incorporating non-genetic and genetic factors. The overall NCN for Chileans with gallstones (115, 95%CI 104-131) decreased to 92 (95%CI 60-128) for Chileans with a higher risk than the median according to Enhanced Model I, and to 80 (95%CI 59-110) according to Enhanced Model II. In conclusion, age, sex and gallstones are strong risk factors for GBC, but consideration of other non-genetic factors and individual genotype data improves risk prediction and may optimize allocation of financial resources and surgical capacity.Fil: Boekstegers, Felix. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Scherer, Dominique. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Barahona Ponce, Carol. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Marcelain, Katherine. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Gárate Calderón, Valentina. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Waldenberger, Melanie. No especifíca;Fil: Morales, Erik. Universidad Católica de Maule; ChileFil: Rojas, Armando. Universidad Católica de Maule; ChileFil: Munoz, César. Universidad Católica de Maule; ChileFil: Retamales, Javier. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ChileFil: de Toro, Gonzalo. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Barajas, Olga. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Rivera, María Teresa. Hospital del Salvador; ChileFil: Cortés, Analía. Hospital del Salvador; ChileFil: Loader, Denisse. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Saavedra, Javiera. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Gutiérrez, Lorena. Hospital San Juan de Dios; ChileFil: Ortega, Alejandro. Hospital Regional; ChileFil: Bertrán, Maria Enriqueta. Hospital Base de Valdivia; ChileFil: Bartolotti, Leonardo. Hospital Base de Valdivia; ChileFil: Gabler, Fernando. Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán; ChileFil: Campos, Mónica. Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán; ChileFil: Alvarado, Juan. Hospital Regional de Concepción - Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Moisán, Fabricio. Hospital Regional de Concepción - Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Spencer, Loreto. Hospital Regional de Concepción - Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Nervi, Bruno. No especifíca;Fil: Carvajal Hausdorf, Daniel. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Losada, Héctor. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Almau, Mauricio. Hospital de Rancagua; ChileFil: Fernández, Plinio. Hospital de Rancagua; ChileFil: Olloquequi, Jordi. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Fuentes Guajardo, Macarena. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Bortolini, Maria Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. No especifíca;Fil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Ruiz-Linares, Andres. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Lorenzo Bermejo, Justo. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; Alemani

«CiTiEs (Ciudades: Tiempo + Espacio)». Educación patrimonial para Madrid: diseño e implementación de itinerarios didácticos en torno a su cultura urbana

“CiTiEs (Ciudades: Tiempo + Espacio)” pretende generar un proyecto de innovación docente para la educación del patrimonio cultural de la ciudad, centrado en itinerarios didácticos para Madrid (2019-2020) y adaptado al alumnado de diversas titulaciones y asignaturas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Relationship Between Native American Ancestry and Gallbladder Cancer Risk

Background A strong association between the proportion of Native American ancestry and the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has been reported in observational studies. Chileans show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and the Mapuche are the largest Native American people in Chile. We set out to investigate the causal association between Native American Mapuche ancestry and GBC risk, and the possible mediating effects of gallstone disease and body mass index (BMI) on this association. Methods Markers of Mapuche ancestry were selected based on the informativeness for assignment measure and then used as instrumental variables in two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analyses and complementary sensitivity analyses. Result We found evidence of a causal effect of Mapuche ancestry on GBC risk (inverse variance-weighted (IVW) risk increase of 0.8% for every 1% increase in Mapuche ancestry proportion, 95% CI 0.4% to 1.2%, p = 6.6×10-5). Mapuche ancestry was also causally linked to gallstone disease (IVW risk increase of 3.6% per 1% increase in Mapuche proportion, 95% CI 3.1% to 4.0%, p = 1.0×10-59), suggesting a mediating effect of gallstones in the relationship between Mapuche ancestry and GBC. In contrast, the proportion of Mapuche ancestry showed a negative causal effect on BMI (IVW estimate -0.006 kg/m2 per 1% increase in Mapuche proportion, 95% CI -0.009 to -0.003, p = 4.4×10-5). Conclusions The results presented here may have significant implications for GBC prevention and are important for future admixture mapping studies. Given that the association between Mapuche ancestry and GBC risk previously noted in observational studies appears to be causal, primary and secondary prevention strategies that take into account the individual proportion of Mapuche ancestry could be particularly efficient

Avances de las mujeres en las ciencias, las humanidades y todas las disciplinas. Libro científico II 2023

“Libro Científico II 2023”, es resultado del trabajo colaborativo entre pares de la División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (CBS) y la División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (CSH)”Este libro contiene un conjunto de artículos científicos realizados en el contexto de la contingencia por COVID 19, desde los enfoques de las ciencias de la salud y las ciencias sociales. Su fin último es dar a conocer los avances científicos desde la perspectiva de género. De esta manera, la compilación incluye semblanzas de tres figuras relevantes de la academia mexicana: Ana Rosa López-Ferrari Aralia López González y Silvana Levi Levi con el propósito de sistematizar los aportes de cada una en los campos de la literatura, la botánica y la geografía respectivamente analizando de forma integral otros aspectos relevantes de lo que Bourdieu llamaría sus condiciones sociales de posibilidad. Por otro lado los artículos que conforman el libro se enfocan en: El estudio de posibles causas de la obesidad; exploraron los efectos psicológicos del confinamiento provocado por la pandemia por COVID 19 sobre los hábitos alimenticios y del sueño respectivamente; la experiencia exitosa de transformación cultivo de hortalizas de forma orgánica y sustentable durante un proceso de sobrevivencia y adaptación a las duras condiciones económicas y sociales producidas por la pandemia por COVID-19; La investigación con resultados alentadores, las características de sustancias que tentativamente puedan reemplazar aquellas con las que se trata el glioblastoma, de una manera más eficiente y con menos efectos colaterales; El incremento de los conflictos domésticos, la violencia por razones de género y feminicidios durante la pandemia; La valoración de los marcos de competencias digitales en España para diferentes áreas académicas en las que se implementó la educación a distancia con motivo de la pandemia por COVID-19.Yadira Alatriste Martínez, editora, compiladora y directora del equipo editorial; César Ulises Hernández Franco; Brandon Antonio Navarrete Rubio; Claudia Angélica Chávez Gutiérrez; Zaina Yeridni Martínez Leyva; Abraham Hernández Villegas; Ingrid Karina Mayen Delgado; Juana Aidet Jiménez Velasco, diseño y maquetación. Andrea Forero Castillo, prólogo; Amalia Patricia Gaytán Sánchez, introducción

Gestión y análisis de los fenómenos en las organizaciones

272 páginas.En el primer capítulo se presenta La función directiva y la gestión de la innovación basada en la recreación del ser social … en él se plantea que la función directiva en las organizaciones económicas contemporáneas exige un proceso continuo de análisis y reflexión ya que hay profundos cambios debidos a la globalización. El segundo capítulo trata sobre la administración y gestión, fenómenos organizacionales en el eje del discurso social, que tiene como objetivo distinguir la diferencia entre administración y gestión. Los autores sostienen que estos conceptos son diferentes ya que una y otra representan elaboraciones discursivas con diferentes propósitos. El capítulo tres, Reflexión del aspecto social en la formación de los estudiantes de administración a través de la revisión de los Planes y Programas impartidos en la UAM, UNAM, IPN y La Salle, … tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo a partir de la revisión de diferentes Planes de Estudio de Instituciones de Educación Superior, públicas y privadas. … El capítulo cuatro se titula Problemas y agenda de investigación organizacionales de la Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo. Los autores sostienen que la política pública, las organizaciones y las relaciones entre éstas pueden entenderse como fenómenos organizacionales y por tanto ser estudiadas desde la perspectiva organizacional. El capítulo cinco, que lleva por título Vicisitudes de la incorporación tecnológica en la organización a propósito de los sistemas de información. Los autores sostienen que cuando se incorpora tecnología en una organización se hace visible la resistencia al cambio de algunas generaciones, lo que permite visibilizar la brecha generacional y la necesidad de alfabetización digital. Podemos decir que este capítulo conceptualiza, revisa, estudia y advierte sobre las vicisitudes de la incorporación tecnológica en la organización a propósito de los sistemas de información. El sexto y último capítulo del libro se titula LIA: emprendimiento de mujeres en una startup. En este trabajo se presentan las interrogantes surgidas después de que una de las autoras ganara un premio internacional en una startup. Las consideraciones versan sobre el sistema capitalista y las startup como organizaciones que fomentan el emprendimiento; lo que obliga a las autoras a explicar qué significa emprendimiento y específicamente emprendimiento femenino, para poder exponer el caso LIA, que es el emprendimiento femenino ganador del premio internacional

Predictive Power of the "Trigger Tool" for the detection of adverse events in general surgery: a multicenter observational validation study

Background In spite of the global implementation of standardized surgical safety checklists and evidence-based practices, general surgery remains associated with a high residual risk of preventable perioperative complications and adverse events. This study was designed to validate the hypothesis that a new “Trigger Tool” represents a sensitive predictor of adverse events in general surgery. Methods An observational multicenter validation study was performed among 31 hospitals in Spain. The previously described “Trigger Tool” based on 40 specific triggers was applied to validate the predictive power of predicting adverse events in the perioperative care of surgical patients. A prediction model was used by means of a binary logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of adverse events among a total of 1,132 surgical cases included in this study was 31.53%. The “Trigger Tool” had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.27% and 79.55% respectively for predicting these adverse events. A total of 12 selected triggers of overall 40 triggers were identified for optimizing the predictive power of the “Trigger Tool”. Conclusions The “Trigger Tool” has a high predictive capacity for predicting adverse events in surgical procedures. We recommend a revision of the original 40 triggers to 12 selected triggers to optimize the predictive power of this tool, which will have to be validated in future studies