Prevention of sulfate-induced thaumasite attack: thermodynamic modelling in BaCO3-blended cement

Comunicación presentada en el International Congress on Materials and Structural Stability (CMSS 2013), celebrado en Rabat del 26 al 30 de noviembre de 2013.Thaumasite, an expansive salt, remains stable over a wide range of compositions in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-CaCO3-CaSO4-H2O system. Despite its slow formation, it constitutes a risk for the integrity of underground structures such as foundations and tunnels that are in contact with sulfate-containing soil or groundwater. Sulfate-resistant Portland cements, which pursuant to the existing legislation are manufactured with clinker containing 0-5 % of C3A, prevent ettringite- but not thaumasite-mediated concrete deterioration. The present study used thermodynamic modeling to explore the viability of a new type of BaCO3-blended Portland cement able to resist thaumasite formation. The results of sulfate attack (44 wt% Na2SO4 solution), simulated with the GEMS geochemical code in cements with 5 or 20 % BaCO3, or 2.5, 5, 10 or 20% CaCO3 at 8 ºC, showed that less thaumasite precipitated and at higher sulfate/cement ratios in the presence than in the absence of Ba. Particularly at the higher replacement ratio, Ba proved to be able to immobilise sulfates in the medium via the precipitation of BaSO4, a highly insoluble salt, and hamper the precipitation of thaumasite. The study also showed that a higher BaCO3 content in the system hindered thaumasite formation even in the presence of greater amounts of carbonates. At 5 % BaCO3, thaumasite started to precipitate after 53 g of Na2SO4 were added per 100 g of cement, while at 20 %, the sulfate content threshold was higher, at 70 g per 100 g of cement, and smaller quantities of the salt formed.Funding from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Project CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00058) and the Regional Government of Madrid (Geomaterials Programme) is gratefully acknowledged.Peer Reviewe

De la economía colonial a la deuda externa republicana : ¿rupturas o continuidades en el ámbito económico de Latinoamérica?

Distintas políticas generadas a lo largo de la historia jurídica colonial, como las medidas borbónicas, limitaban el comercio exterior de Latinoamérica, produciendo un sentimiento de independencia económica; sin embargo, este se vio truncado por las decisiones de los hombres quienes al mismo tiempo de fundarnos nos fundieron. Pues bien, el propósito medular es comprender el nacimiento de la deuda externa en nuestro país, a partir de la revolución de 1810, como hito fundamental para el desarrollo del comercio internacional colombiano, así como, destacar la importancia que merece su estudio en el ámbito académico, pues teniendo en cuenta que esta es una enfermedad que aqueja a toda Latinoamérica, sus orígenes ayudaran a entender el porqué de la situación económica internacional actual, principalmente en Colombia.Various policies generated among the colonial legal history, such as the Bourbon measures, limited the foreign trade in Latin America, producing the necessity of a self-regulating economy system, however, this was hindered by the decisions of men who at the same time of founding us, were melting us3. Thus, the core purpose is to understand the birth of the foreign debt in our country since the revolution of 1810, as a major fact for the Colombian international trade development, that’s why its analysis deserves great importance to the national academy, on these grounds, considering that this is a disease that afflicts all the Latin American countries, its origins will help to understand the reason of the current international economy situation, mainly in Colombia

Transmisión generacional y subjetividad

El presente trabajo de investigación será guiado por la anticipación de sentido, que sostiene: el síntoma y acting out del niño son una respuesta subjetiva, ante las complejidades del deseo, donde se presentan las dificultades de la función de autoridad, en la transmisión generacional. Se parte de la importancia que tiene el trabajo con niños. Al escuchar el discurso de los padres, se detectan complejidades en el deseo, en los ideales y en su función de autoridad, que están relacionadas con la constitución subjetiva del niño. Es por esta razón, que se considera esencial poder analizar la transmisión generacional en relación al síntoma. A partir de la experiencia realizada en la práctica profesional supervisada: clínica psicoanalítica, llevada a cabo en una institución educativa, surge la idea de investigar el concepto de transmisión generacional. Durante dicha práctica se realiza un proceso psicodiagnóstico a un niño de 9 años, lo cual permitió plantear varios interrogantes acerca de la transmisión generacional, entre ellos surgen las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿Qué es para la Antropología el concepto de transmisión generacional y filiación? ¿Es importante la diferencia generacional en la constitución subjetiva? ¿Qué sucede cuando falla la función de autoridad de los adultos? ¿Quién encarna el lugar de la transmisión generacional? ¿Qué operatoria es necesaria para que un niño responda con su síntoma? ¿Es lo mismo un síntoma que un acting out en un niño? Se intentará buscar respuestas a dichas preguntas desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica, tomando como punto de referencia a Sigmund Freud y los aportes de Jacques Lacan, para luego trabajar con autores que continuaron y enriquecieron posteriormente sus teorías.This research work will be guided by the anticipation of meaning, which holds: the symptom and acting out of the child is a possible subjective response, to the complexities of desire, of who carries the place of authority in the generational transmission. It is of importance that has the work with children. To hear the speech of their parents, are detected complexities in desire, ideals and their place of authority, which are related to the subjective Constitution of the child. This is why, which is considered essential to be able to analyze the generational transmission in relation to the symptom. From the made experience actually Professional Supervised: Psychoanalytic clinic, carried out in an Educative Institution, arises the idea to investigate the concept of Generational Transmission. During this practice a Psicodiagnóstico Process is made, to a boy of 9 years, which allowed to raise several questions about the generational transmission, among them the following questions arise from investigation: What is for the Anthropology the concept of generational transmission and filiations? Is important the generational difference in the subjective constitution? What happens when it fails the authority function of the adults? Who incarnates the place of the generational transmission? Operating what is necessary so that a boy responds with his symptom? Is the same a symptom that acting out in a boy? It will be tried to look for answers these questions from a psychoanalytic perspective, taking as datum point to Sigmund Freud and the contributions of Jacques Lacan soon to work with authors who continued and enriched their theories late.Fil: Quiroga Alberoni, María Paul

Licencia de patentes esenciales : las cláusulas Frand (Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory) en el marco del derecho de la propiedad intelectual y el derecho de la competencia

El crecimiento económico depende no solamente de la abundancia de los factores tradicionales tales como el capital o el trabajo, sino también de la eficiencia con la cual dichos factores son utilizados. El desarrollo y la difusión de conocimientos tecnológicos en el sector de las telecomunicaciones se fundamentan en el sistema de propiedad intelectual y de estandarización. Los estándares creados en este marco enfrentan problemáticas complejas a la luz de la propiedad intelectual y el derecho de la competencia que se resuelven por la inclusión de los principios de justicia, razonabilidad y no discriminación (FRAND). El objeto principal de este documento es estudiar su contenido, alcance y los retos a los que se enfrentan bajo el análisis económico del derecho -AED. y el marco general de los acuerdos ADPIC.Economic growth depends not only on the abundance of traditional factors such as capital or work, but also on the efficiency in which these factors are used. The development and diffusion of technological knowledge in the telecommunications sector is based on the intellectual property legal corpus and the standardization system. ITie standards created in this domain face complex problems regarding intellectual property rights and trust law; its solution is presented by the inclusion of the principles of fairness, reasonableness and non-discrimination (FRAND). The main purpose of this document is to study the content, scope and challenges they face under the economic analysis of law -EAT. and the general framework of the ADPIC agreements.Abogado (a)Pregrad

El imputado como objeto de prueba (intervenciones, registros e inspecciones corporales en el proceso penal argentino)

En esta tarea de investigación, no puede dejar de puntualizarse, que el avance de la ciencia y de las tecnologías han ampliado enormemente la capacidad del Estado en la recolección de la prueba en el marco de un proceso penal, generando una notable modificación de las posibilidades de injerencia dentro de diversos ámbitos, tradicionalmente fuera del accionar de terceros. Y, en este avance, adquiere especial relevancia la información que puede obtenerse del cuerpo humano, tanto del imputado como de la víctima. Piénsese en las posibilidades que otorga la medicina forense aportando los medios para determinar la autoría en un hecho delictivo, la habitualidad en el consumo de sustancias prohibidas o la utilización del propio cuerpo para el transporte de las mismas, la existencia de maniobras abortivas ilícitas, la intoxicación de una persona en un momento determinado, llegándose incluso a obtener información para el proceso analizando la actividad cerebral de un sujeto a través de las neuroimágenes o resonador magnético cerebral

Class 1 Integrons in Environments with Different Degrees of Urbanization

BACKGROUND: Class 1 integrons are one of the most successful elements in the acquisition, expression and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) among clinical isolates. Little is known about the gene flow of the components of the genetic platforms of class 1 integrons within and between bacterial communities. Thus it is important to better understand the interactions among "environmental" intI1, its genetic platforms and its distribution with human activities. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: An evaluation of two types of genetic determinants, ARG (sul1 and qacE1/qacEΔ1 genes) and lateral genetic elements (LGE) (intI1, ISCR1 and tniC genes) in a model of a culture-based method without antibiotic selection was conducted in a gradient of anthropogenic disturbances in a Patagonian island recognized as being one of the last regions containing wild areas. The intI1, ISCR1 genes and intI1 pseudogenes that were found widespread throughout natural communities were not associated with urbanization (p>0.05). Each ARG that is embedded in the most common genetic platform of clinical class 1 integrons, showed different ecological and molecular behaviours in environmental samples. While the sul1 gene frequency was associated with urbanization, the qacE1/qacEΔ1 gene showed an adaptive role to several habitats. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The high frequency of intI1 pseudogenes suggests that, although intI1 has a deleterious impact within several genomes, it can easily be disseminated among natural bacterial communities. The widespread occurrence of ISCR1 and intI1 throughout Patagonian sites with different degree of urbanization, and within different taxa, could be one of the causes of the increasing frequency of multidrug-resistant isolates that have characterized Argentina for decades. The flow of ARG and LGE between natural and clinical communities cannot be explained with a single general process but is a direct consequence of the interaction of multiple factors operating at molecular, ecological, phylogenetic and historical levels

Thermodynamic modeling of sulfate-resistant cements with addition of barium compounds

Comunicación presentada en el International Congress Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage (TechnoHeritage), celebrado en Santiago de compostela del 2 al 5 de octubre de 2012.Sulfate attack by ground waters, soils, etc. is one of the threats to the built heritage in concrete. This study validated through thermodynamic modeling with GEMS geochemical code a new sulfate-resistant formulation based on the addition of BaCO3 and BaO to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which could be used to replace weathered concrete. The thermodynamic calculations pointed out that Ba ions were able to form an insoluble salt, barite (BaSO4) with the dissolved sulfate which inhibited the formation of ettringite, the latter oc- curred when the concentrations of BaCO3 and BaO were ≥ 6 and ≥ 4 wt.%, respectively. The results of a simulated sulfate a ttack revealed that ettringite precipitated upon ingression of ≥46 ml of a Na2SO4 solution (44 wt.%) in OPC blends with 20 wt.% of BaCO3; whereas with 20 wt.% of BaO, the sulfate that precipitated besides ba rite was monosulfoaluminate when sulfate solution was ≥40 ml (tested up to 52 ml).Funding from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Project CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00058) and the Regional Government of Madrid (Geomaterials Programme) is gratefully acknowledged.Peer Reviewe

Podocarpus in the palaeogeographically complex island of Hispaniola: A stepping-stone colonization and conservation recommendations

Aim: Hispaniola is the second largest island in the Caribbean and a hot spot of biodiversity. The island was formed by the fusion of a northern and southern palaeo-islands during the mid-Miocene (15 Ma). The historical split of Hispaniola together with repeated marine incursions during the Pleistocene is known to have influenced lineage divergence and genetic structure in a few birds and mammals, but the effect on vascular plants is less understood. The conifer genus Podocarpus has two species, P.hispaniolensis and P.buchii, that are endemic to the mountains of Hispaniola and are IUCN endangered. The former occurs in the mountains of the north, and the latter in the south, with a region of sympatry in the Cordillera Central. Here, we evaluate the historical split of the two palaeo-islands and repeated marine incursions as dispersal barriers to the geographical distribution of genetic diversity, genetic structure, divergence patterns and the historical demography of the two species. Location: Hispaniola island, Caribbean. Methods: Using genotyping-by-sequencing in 47 Podocarpus samples, we identified two sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms for our analyses (74,260 and 22,657 SNPs). We conducted a phylogenetic and an approximate Bayesian computation analysis to test evolutionary hypotheses of sympatric and allopatric speciation and stepping-stone colonization. Results: Podocarpus showed a population genetic structure that corresponds to the geographic distribution of the species. Podocarpus on Hispaniola fit a stepping-stone colonization model with bottlenecks at each mountain colonization event and speciation in Cordillera Central. Main conclusions: The historical events in question did not seem to have influenced the genetic structure, diversity or demography of Podocarpus; instead, the current geographic barriers imposed by lowland xeric valleys did. The clear divergence between species together with the elevated within-population genetic diversity and significant genetic structure calls for a multi-population in situ conservation of each species.Fil: Nieto Blázquez, María Esther. Memorial University Of Newfoundland. Faculty Of Science; Canadá. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; AlemaniaFil: Quiroga, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Premoli Il'grande, Andrea Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Roncal, Julissa. Memorial University Of Newfoundland. Faculty Of Science; Canad

Characterization of Tn6238 with a New Allele of aac(6′)-Ib-cr

Here, we report that the genetic structure of Tn1331 remained conserved in Argentina from 1989 to 2013 (72 of 73 isolates), with the exception being the plasmid-borne Tn1331-like transposon Tn6238 containing a new aac(6′)-Ib-cr allele recovered from a colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate. A bioinformatic analysis of aac(6′)-Ib-like gene cassettes suggests that this new aac(6′)-Ib-cr allele emerged through mutation or homologous recombination in the Tn1331 genetic platform. Tn6238 is a novel platform for the dissemination of aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants.Fil: Quiroga, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Orman, Betina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Errecalde, Laura. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos ; ArgentinaFil: Kaufman, Sara. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos ; ArgentinaFil: Centron, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentin