Neoformacion de minerales de la arcilla en la Espana Peninsular: tendencias termodinamicas basadas en la composicion de las aguas de los rios españoles

Stable or metastabie minerals are established for 381 sampling points from river water compositions for every spanish watershed aiong the years 1974-75, 1975-76, 1981-82, 1982-83 and 1983-84, as published by the spanish Department of Public Works. Phase diagrams for the systems SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, K2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, for 298 K and 1 atm. conditions, are used in order to determine the mineraiogical stability, and therefore neoformation trends. Stable and metastable phases were taken into account to draw the diagrams (Fernandez Marcos and Macias, 1987). The prevailing trend in the Peninsula, according to this method, is towards kaolinite neoformation. Nevertheless differences are observed between watersheds. So kaolinite is the only stable mineral neoformed in the North watersheds while there exist severa! stable minerals (kaolinite, mica, (kaolinite, mica, chlorite, pyrophillite) or metastable ones (smectite) in the Tajo, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, South, Jucar, Segura and East Pyrenees watersheds, depending on sampling point and date. Geographic distribution of different minerals is satisfactorily explained by taking into account: rainfall distribution, sileceous or calcareous nature of ground, and upper, medium or lower position in the river course

Segregación ocupacional y empleabilidad femenina en el sector andaluz de la construcción

La ponencia que presentamos se encuadra dentro de un proyecto más amplio de investigación desde una perspectiva de género, dirigido a diversos sectores tradicionalmente copados por el colectivo masculino, como es el caso del sector de la construcción, y en la que se integra un análisis sobre segregación ocupacional y perfiles de empleabilidad. En este sector, y especialmente en Andalucía, la ocupación de las mujeres es muy desigual respecto a la de los hombres, probablemente como consecuencia de factores endógenos y exógenos a la organización de la producción, a las distintas tendencias de elección ocupacional para uno y otro sexo y a que el núcleo de ocupaciones en el que se mueven las mujeres sigue siendo reducido. Ante esta realidad, en la presente ponencia se expondrán los primeros datos obtenidos sobre las desigualdades por razón de género existentes en el mercado de trabajo, analizando para ello la cualificación y rendimiento académico del colectivo de egresadas/os en Arquitectura Técnica y las ocupaciones y funciones desempeñadas por mujeres y hombres en empresas de dicho sector

Opinión de las mujeres desplazadas sobre la repercussion en su salud del desplazamiento forzado

ResumenObjetivoAnalizar la adaptación de la mujer desplazada a la ciudad y su relación con los problemas de salud percibidos.MétodosEstudio cualitativo descriptivo, de tipo exploratorio, desarrollado mediante entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas a una muestra de variación máxima de 25 mujeres desplazadas. Se efectuó un análisis narrativo de contenido, con generación mixta de categorías y segmentación de datos por grupos de edad y tema. El área de estudio fueron 5 localidades de Bogotá (Colombia).ResultadosEn su discurso, las mujeres entrevistadas expresan que su adaptación a la ciudad está mediada por las nuevas condiciones económicas y del entorno y por las consecuencias psicosociales del desplazamiento. Las condiciones económicas precarias les obligan a vivir en entornos insalubres y, en ocasiones, a asumir la jefatura del hogar. En este papel presentan importantes dificultades para satisfacer las necesidades familiares, particularmente la adulta joven; junto con las adolescentes, refiere cambios comportamentales, como la reproducción de acciones violentas hacia la familia. Las mujeres desplazadas perciben alteraciones de la salud mental, nutricionales, infecciones y afecciones ginecológicas, como los principales problemas de salud, e identifican la situación económica y las responsabilidades del hogar como restrictores del acceso a los servicios de salud.ConclusionesEl desplazamiento forzado coloca a la mujer en una situación con exigencias nuevas del entorno y de roles familiares que inciden negativamente sobre su salud y acceso a la atención. La promoción de la salud de este colectivo requiere acciones que posibiliten su acceso al trabajo y su estabilización socioeconómica a largo plazo.AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the adaptation process of women internally displaced to the city and the relationship between displacement and their self-perceived main health problems.MethodsA qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study was carried out by means of semi-structured individual interviews with a maximum variation sample of 25 internally displaced women. A narrative content analysis was conducted with mixed generation of categories and data segmentation by age and themes. The area under study consisted of five localities in the city of Bogotá (Colombia).ResultsAccording to the interviewed women's discourses, their adaptation to city life depended on the new socioeconomic and environmental conditions and the psychosocial impact of displacement on the family. Precarious economic conditions forced them to live in an unhealthy environment and, occasionally, to adopt the role of head of household. In this role, many of these women, particularly young women, faced great difficulties in ensuring that the family's needs were met. Young women and teenagers reported behavioral changes due to displacement, including reproduction of violence in the home. The main self-perceived health problems among displaced women were mental health, access to food, infections and gynecological alterations. Displaced women identified the main factors hindering their access to health services as their economic situation and home responsibilities.ConclusionsDisplaced women face new environmental and family challenges that negatively affect their health and access to healthcare. Specific interventions aimed at displaced women are required to foster better health through access to work and long –term socioeconomic stability

The International Child Health Nursing Network (Red ENSI): A collaboration strategy

The purpose of this article is to present the use of networks as a strategy of work and collaboration to improve the health of the population, which, in our case, is the health of children and adolescents. The International Child Health Nursing Network (ENSI Network; www.redensi.com), in Spanish, Red Internacional de Enfermería en Salud Infantil (Red ENSI), is the strategy for cooperation among institutions involved in training nurses and is aimed at enhancing national health system

Design, Implementation and Validation of a Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Bench for Heating Systems in Conventional Coaches

Experimental work with heating systems installed in public transport vehicles, particularly for optimisation and control design, is a challenging task due to cost and space limitations, primarily imposed by the heating hardware and the need to have a real vehicle available. In this work, a hybrid hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bench for heating systems in conventional coaches is introduced. This approach consists of a hardware system made up of the main heating components, assembled as a lab experimental plant, along with a simulation component including a cabin thermal model, both exchanging real-time data using a standard communication protocol. This scheme presents great flexibility regarding data logging for further analysis and easily changing the experimental operational conditions and disturbances under different scenarios (i.e., solar irradiance, outside temperature, water temperature from the engine cooling circuit, number of passengers, etc.). Comparisons between the hybrid system’s transient and steady-state responses and those from selected experiments conducted on an actual coach allowed us to conclude that the proposed system is a suitable test bed to aid in optimisation and design tasks. In this context, several closed-loop test experiments using the test bench were additionally carried out to assess the performance of the proposed control system

Ethanol consumption by Wistar rat dams affects selenium bioavailability and antioxidant balance in their progeny

Ethanol consumption affects maternal nutrition, the mothers’ antioxidant balance and the future health of their progeny. Selenium (Se) is a trace element cofactor of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We will study the effect of ethanol on Se bioavailability in dams and in their progeny. We have used three experimental groups of dams: control, chronic ethanol and pair-fed; and three groups of pups. Se levels were measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum and hepatic GPx activity was determined by spectrometry. We have concluded that ethanol decreased Se retention in dams, affecting their tissue Se deposits and those of their offspring, while also compromising their progeny’s weight and oxidation balance. These effects of ethanol are caused by a reduction in Se intake and a direct alcohol-generated oxidation action

Sport practice´s characteristics according to gender. Students of Faculty of Education: University of Seville

Esta investigación pretende conocer las características de la práctica de actividad físico deportiva (AFD) del alumnado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla en función del género, analizando las posibles diferencias que se observen. Para ello, se aplicó a 409 estudiantes (±4,8%; 95% CI) un cuestionario validado por varios expertos en la materia, al que se le realizaron diversas pruebas estadísticas con el paquete SPSS V.18 para Windows, calculándose la fiabilidad del mismo mediante el alfa de Cronbach (0,78). Se ha observado que los hombres practican más AFD que las mujeres y participan en competiciones federadas en mayor medida que ellas. También hemos comprobado diferencias significativas en los periodos de práctica, la AFD semanal, los lugares más utilizados para la misma y la compañíaThe aim of this research is to know about students of physical activity from Faculty of Education of University of Seville and its characteristics, according to gender. 409 students (±4.8%; 95%CI) responded to a specific questionnaire, built to that effect and validated by different experts on this area of studies. Different statistic tests were done to check its reliability (Alpha Cronbach: 0,78) using SPSS V.18. The main results showed that men practice more physical activity than women, they also take part in competitions more frequently than women. There are also significant differences between gender in periods of practice, weekly practice, places more used for practice and company for the practic

A contribution to the study of the stability of clay minerals from the soil solution composition at different pF values

(EN)The composition of the soil solution of various horizons of Galician soils was studied to gain insight into the direction of the processes of weathering and neoformation by means of stability diagrams of the clay minerals. The soil solution was extracted by compression at various pF values. The most significant results are as follows: In all the cases studied the mineral in equilibrium with the soil solution is a 1:1 phyllosilicate. As the pF at which the soil solution is extracted increases, corresponding to smaller pore size, pH increases and silica concentration falls. The stable mineral does not vary significantly between different horizons of the same profile. Each parent material gives rise to a different zonation in the stability diagrams. The predictions of the stability diagrams are in general agreement with the mineralogical data of the clays of the horizons in question. Finally, weathering processes in Galicia are briefly commented on.(ES)Se realiza un estudio de la composición de la solución del suelo extraída por compresión a diferentes valores de pF como medio de conocer la dirección de los procesos de alteración y neoformación en diversos horizontes de suelos de Galicia, utilizando diagramas de estabilidad de los minerales de la arcilla. Los resultados más significativos son los siguientes: En todos los casos estudiados el mineral en equilibrio con la solución del suelo es un filosilicato 1:1. La solución extraída a valores crecientes de pF, que corresponden a tamaños de poros más pequeños, presenta valores de pH más altos y disminución de la concentración de sílice. No se aprecian diferencias significativas en cuanto al mineral estable en los diferentes horizontes de un mismo perfil. Para cada material original se aprecia una diferente zonaci6n en los diagramas de estabilidad. Las predicciones de los diagramas de estabilidad están generalmente de acuerdo con los datos mineralógicos de las arcillas de los horizontes correspondientes. Finalmente se realizan unas breves consideraciones sobre los procesos de alteración en Galicia

Regulation of Ace2-dependent genes requires components of the PBF complex in schizosaccharomyces pombe

The division cycle of unicellular yeasts is completed with the activation of a cell separation program that results in the dissolution of the septum assembled during cytokinesis between the 2 daughter cells, allowing them to become independent entities. Expression of the eng1+ and agn1+ genes, encoding the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for septum degradation, is activated at the end of each cell cycle by the transcription factor Ace2. Periodic ace2+ expression is regulated by the transcriptional complex PBF (PCB Binding Factor), composed of the forkhead-like proteins Sep1 and Fkh2 and the MADS box-like protein Mbx1. In this report, we show that Ace2-dependent genes contain several combinations of motifs for Ace2 and PBF binding in their promoters. Thus, Ace2, Fkh2 and Sep1 were found to bind in vivo to the eng1+ promoter. Ace2 binding was coincident with maximum level of eng1+ expression, whereas Fkh2 binding was maximal when mRNA levels were low, supporting the notion that they play opposing roles. In addition, we found that the expression of eng1+ and agn1+ was differentially affected by mutations in PBF components. Interestingly, agn1+ was a major target of Mbx1, since its ectopic expression resulted in the suppression of Mbx1 deletion phenotypes. Our results reveal a complex regulation system through which the transcription factors Ace2, Fkh2, Sep1 and Mbx1 in combination control the expression of the genes involved in separation at the end of the cell division cycle