Más documentos notariales de Sevilla de la primera mitad del siglo XIV

The restoration of the city from Seville to the current of Latin civilization produced, from the first moment, an abundant documentary production. In the present work five documents are contributed (two sales, a chaplaincy dowry, a ratification of a donation pro animates and a testament), product of the professional activity of the Sevillian notaries, whose external and internal form, characters and content are a faithful reflection of the documentary products that were made and validated in the different public stores from escribanías that was in the city in first half of century XIV

El Libro de los Jurados de Sevilla de 1517: estrategias materiales en la construcción de una memoria institucional

El cartulario conocido como El Libro de los jurados de Sevilla, realizado en 1517, ejemplifica la puesta en marcha de un conjunto de estrategias formales dispuestas por estos oficiales sevillanos para conseguir un doble objetivo, salvaguardar sus privilegios y franquezas, al tiempo que construir su memoria institucional. Los elementos materiales empleados por sus artífices y la cualificación de estos últimos muestran hasta qué punto dependió de ellos la adecuada concreción de las funciones a desempeñar.Compiled in 1517, the cartulary known as El Libro de los jurados de Sevilla provides an example of a set of formal strategies deployed by those Sevillian urban officers in order to achieve a double aim: in the first place, the safeguard of their own privileges and liberties; and secondly, the building of an institutional memory. This article analyses the very making of the cartulary in order to show to what extent the achievement of these goals depended on the material strategies developed

"El Libro de los jurados de Sevilla" of 1517: material Strategies in the Construction of an Institutional Memory

El cartulario conocido como El Libro de los jurados de Sevilla, realizado en 1517, ejemplifica la puesta en marcha de un conjunto de estrategias formales dispuestas por estos oficiales sevillanos para conseguir un doble objetivo, salvaguardar sus privilegios y franquezas, al tiempo que construir su memoria institucional. Los elementos materiales empleados por sus artífices y la cualificación de estos últimos muestran hasta qué punto dependió de ellos la adecuada concreción de las funciones a desempeñar.Compiled in 1517, the cartulary known as El Libro de los jurados de Sevilla provides an example of a set of formal strategies deployed by those Sevillian urban officers in order to achieve a double aim: in the first place, the safeguard of their own privileges and liberties; and secondly, the building of an institutional memory. This article analyses the very making of the cartulary in order to show to what extent the achievement of these goals depended on the material strategies developed

La Diplomática señorial en la Corona de Castilla

In the framework of the Crown of Aragon, the study of the seigniorial documents, from the point of view of an historian who studies the document, has been the subject, during the last few years, of significative -but insuffi­cient- works to give a complete answer to all the questions that this very documentation arouses. The present work wants to offer an approach of the most recent biblio­graphy and a methodological account that would allow us to study Castilian seigniorial documents from the modern point of view of Diplomacy. Such an attitude is only possible if the «functionalism» of the document is taken into account, in the historical context in which it takes place and in which it is used as an instrument of power. Through the study of the documentary form, of the people who realised it, of the bureaucratic and cultural means used for its writing, it is possible to follow the path of the trends of mediation of the documents. These trends were established between the different institutions and persons who belonged to the complex world of the seigniorial regime.Dans le cadre de la Couronne d'Aragon, l’étude des documents seigneu­riaux, du point de vue de l’historien qui étudie le document, a été l'objet, ces dernières années, de travaux significatifs, mais qui s’averent encore insuffisants pour permettre une reponse complète à toutes les questions que pose cette meme documentation. Le présent travail prétend offrir un état de la bibliographie la plus récente et en même temps un exposé méthodologique qui permettent d'aborder l'étude des documents seigneuriaux castillans avec une vision «moderne» de la Diplomatie. Une telle attitude n'est réalisable qu'en s'occupant du «fonctionnalisme» du docu­ment dans le contexte historique dans lequel il se déroule et s'utilise en tant qu'instrument de pouvoir. À travers l'étude de la forme documentaire, des personnes qui le réalisèrent, des moyens bureaucratiques et culturels utilisés pour son écriture, il est possible de suivre la trace des courants de médiation des écrits, courants établis entre les diverses institutions et personnes qui font partie du monde complexe qu'est celui du régime seigneurial

Estudio de la degradación de policloruro de vinilo sin plastificante a partir de hongos aislados de una muestra de suelo contaminado con resina de dicho material

Actualmente se evidencia una descontrolada generación de residuos plásticos, el manejo de grandes volúmenes de estos residuos resulta cada vez más difícil debido a que tardan mucho en descomponerse, lo que los hace persistentes en el medio ambiente y ocasiona que la vida útil de los rellenos sanitarios disminuya. El policloruro de vinilo (PVC) es uno de los plásticos más usados en la vida diaria y de los que más residuos se producen. Por lo anterior, se investigó acerca de la degradación de PVC sin plastificante a partir de hongos aislados de una muestra de suelo contaminada con resina de PVC. Los hongos se aislaron y se caracterizaron morfológicamente, luego se llevaron a cabo pruebas preliminares con 8 de estos aislamientos, en medio mínimo de sales y sobre una película de PVC. De estas, se escogieron los dos aislamientos con mejores resultados para hacer curvas de crecimiento, encontrando que corresponden a Penicillium sp., y Mucor sp. Este último fue el que mostró los mejores resultados en las curvas de crecimiento. Aunque los resultados mostrados en este documento son preliminares, abren la puerta a nuevas formas de degradación de residuos de PVC que son muy persistentes.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Ingeniería - Ingeniería AmbientalNowadays, there is an uncontrolled generation of plastic waste, and the handling of these large volumes is becoming increasingly difficult because it takes a long time to decompose. Because of that, it remains in the environment causing a decreasing in the life of the landfills. Vinil polycloride (PVC) is one of the most used plastics currently, therefore it results in a big generation of waste. We research the degradation of PVC without plasticizer through soil isolated fungi from soil contaminated with PVC. We isolated and characterized morphologically fungi and then, we carried on preliminary tests with 8 of the isolated fungi, in minimum salt medium and on PVC films. We chose the two best isolations and conducted growth curves with them. We found that these isolations belong to Penicillium sp., and Mucor sp. The last showed the best results in the growth curves. Although this research has a preliminary focus, it opens the door to new ways of degrading PVC wastes, which are very persistent

Escribir y prosperar en Sevilla: el notario Juan Álvarez de Alcalá (1500-1518)

En este trabajo aflora la trayectoria vital de Juan Álvarez de Alcalá, escribano público en los primeros años de la Sevilla moderna, como ejemplo de la importancia de los litterati en el conjunto de la sociedad castellana de la época. Heredero de saberes y prácticas medievales, el notario se convierte en un intermediario necesario en los distintos ámbitos de escritura ciudadanos en los que actúa: El espacio privado y el público, la Iglesia y el Concejo. Su primer ejercicio como hombre de pluma, su pertenencia al grupo notarial de la ciudad más dinámica del Reino de Castilla, y sus habilidades gráficodocumentales le permitió insertarse en su tejido social, a la par que prosperar.In this paper, we examine the professional career of Juan Álvarez de Alcalá, notary public in Seville at the beginning of the 16th century, and an example of the importance of the litterati in the Castilian society of the time. Heir to the learning and the ways of the Middle Ages, he became an indispensable intermediary in the different institutions, both private and public, of the city. His first undertaking as a man of letters, his belonging to the group of notaries in one of the most dynamic cities in the Kingdom of Castile, and his ability at writing and drawing up documents permitted him to enter the social circles of the city and, at the same time, to prosper

Features of the annual evolution of CO2 and CH4 in the atmosphere of a Mediterranean climate site studied using a nonparametric and a harmonic function

Concentrations of CO2 and CH4 measured over 3 years at a rural site in the Spanish northern plateau were investigated together with vegetation and meteorological variables. Two procedures were implemented to study the annual evolution. Kernel estimation provided a detailed time description, and the harmonic model may be fitted easily. The site was characterised by grass from autumn to spring. However, vigorous growth was observed during the latter season due to the biological cycle of plants under favourable meteorological conditions. A CO2 peak was observed a fortnight before the time of maximum NDVI, and was attributed to the prevalence of respiration over photosynthesis. A pronounced trough was apparent in summer and was explained by the death of vegetation and active dispersion in a highly developed boundary layer. CH4 evolution was characterised by a deficit period from May to October, indicating that meteorological evolution played a key role. The harmonic model showed that annual and half-annual cycles evidenced a similar contribution for CO2, whereas said weight for the half-annual cycle was considerably smaller for CH4.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and ERDF funds (grant numbers CGL2009-11979 and CGL2014-53948-P

Trend analysis of CO2 and CH4 recorded at a semi-natural site in the northern plateau of the Iberian Peninsula

CO2 and CH4 were recorded from October 2010 to February 2016 with a Picarro G1301 analyser at the centre of the upper plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. Large CO2 values were observed during the vegetation growing season, and were reinforced by the stable boundary layer during the night. Annual CH4 evolution may be explained by ecosystem activity and by the dispersion linked with the evolution of the boundary layer. Their trends were studied using an equation that considers one polynomial and one harmonic part. The polynomial part revealed an increasing trend from 0.8 to 2.3 ppm year 1 for CO2 and from 0.004 to 0.011 ppm year 1 for CH4. The harmonic part considered four harmonics whose amplitudes were noticeable for the first and second harmonics for CO2 and for the first harmonic for CH4. Long-term evolution was similar with alternative equations. Finally, seasonal study indicated summer minima for both gases, which may be explained by the lack of vegetation in this season. Harmonic analysis showed two maxima for CO2, one in spring linked with vegetation growth, which decreased with time, and another in autumn related with the onset of plant activity after the summer, which increased with time. CH4 presented only one maximum in winter and a short time with steady concentration in spring where the evolution of the boundary layer may play a noticeable role. The harmonic equation, which takes into account all the observations, revealed opposite behaviour between CO2, whose minima decreased, and CH4, whose maxima increased.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and ERDF funds (projects CGL2009-11979 and CGL2014-53948-P)

Boundaries of air mass trajectory clustering: key points and applications

Calculating air mass trajectories is common in atmospheric analyses. However, if explainable results are to be achieved, several procedures are needed to process the vast amount of information handled. Clustering methods are statistical tools usually considered for such a purpose. Although they are based on rigorous algorithms, certain questions still remain when these methods are applied. The current review is organised in sections according to the sequence followed by such procedures. First, the types of clustering methods are described, with their core being the distance used. One key point is the stopping rule, which determines the final number of clusters. A simple classification based on this number is then suggested. Finally, the graphical presentation of the results is examined and the main drawbacks are commented on. A range of applications and results are considered to illustrate each section, and certain caveats and recommendations are also presented.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain and ERDF funds (grant numbers CGL2009-11979 and CGL2014-53948-P

Influence of wind speed on CO2 and CH4 concentrations at a rural site

Producción CientíficaMeteorological variables have a noticeable impact on pollutant concentrations. Among these variables, wind speed is typically measured, although research into how pollutants respond to it can be improved. This study considers nine years of hourly CO2 and CH4 measurements at a rural site, where wind speed values were calculated by the METEX model. Nine wind speed intervals are proposed where concentrations, distribution functions, and daily as well as annual cycles are calculated. Contrasts between local and transported concentrations are around 5 and 0.03 ppm for CO2 and CH4, respectively. Seven skewed distributions are applied, and five efficiency criteria are considered to test the goodness of fit, with the modified Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency proving to be the most sensitive statistic. The Gumbel distribution is seen to be the most suitable for CO2, whereas the Weibull distribution is chosen for CH4, with the exponential function being the worst. Finally, daily and annual cycles are analysed, where a gradual decrease in amplitude is observed, particularly for the daily cycle. Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to fit both cycles. The latter gave the best fits, with the agreement being higher for the daily cycle, where evolution is smoother than for the annual cycle.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (Projects CGL-2009-11979 and CGL2014-53948-P)Junta de Castilla y León - (Project VA027G19