EVALUACIÓN ETNOFARMACOLÓGICA DE LA CURCUMINA (Curcuma longa) EN OVINOS ESTABULADOS INFECTADOS CON Eimeria spp.

La coccidiosis ovina es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por protozoarios del género Eimeria, la cual puede influir negativamente en la salud y en el rendimiento productivo de los borregos con una mortalidad de hasta el 20%. Esta enfermedad se caracteriza por una alta producción de citocinas proinflamatorias y estrés oxidativo, los cuales pueden dañar el tejido intestinal. En la actualidad, para el tratamiento de la coccidiosis se usan medicamentos. Sin embargo, la resistencia a los compuestos anticoccidiales y la preocupación por los residuos de medicamentos en la leche y en la carne ha llevado a la evaluación de alternativas para prevenir y controlar esta enfermedad. Con base en resultados preliminares, se evaluó en este estudio el uso de Curcuma longa en la suplementación de dieta. Veinte corderos criollos infectados naturalmente con Eimeria spp., de 28 días de edad, con un peso promedio de 12 kg se divididos en cinco grupos. Tres grupos se trataron por vía oral durante 14 días con 50 mg/kg PV, 100 mg/kg PV o 200 mg/kg PV de C. longa. Un grupo tratado con placebo y un grupo control no tratado. Las muestras de heces se obtuvieron cada tercer día para determinar la eficacia anticoccidial. Además, los animales se pesaron el día cero y 42. Para evaluar la actividad inmunomodulatoria de la curcumina se midieron citocinas por ELISA, una proinflamatoria (INF-γ) y una inmunorreguladora (IL-10). La peroxidación de lípidos y la generación de nitritos se determinó por medio del ensayo de malondialdehído en suero y la reacción de Griess, respectivamente. La actividad anticoccidial de la C. longa aumentó con el tiempo en los tres grupos tratados y alcanzó una eficacia del 100% en el día 42. Los animales tratados con 200 mg/kg de C. longa ganaron el doble del peso diario en comparación con los grupos no tratados. Los niveles de IL-10 fueron más altos en los animales tratados, mientras que la peroxidación lipídica y la generación de nitritos fueron significativamente más bajos. Los resultados mostraron que la administración de la curcumina puede reducir la producción de ooquiste, la pérdida de peso, la inflamación y los efectos relacionados con el estrés oxidativo causado por infecciones por Eimeria spp. en corderos

Antiparasitic Efficacy of Curcumin Against Besnoitia besnoiti Tachyzoites in vitro

Besnoitia besnoiti is the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis. B. besnoiti infections lead to reduced fertility and productivity in cattle causing high economic losses, not only in Europe, but also in Asia and Africa. Mild to severe clinical signs, such as anasarca, oedema, orchitis, hyperkeratosis, and characteristic skin and mucosal cysts, are due to B. besnoiti tachyzoite and bradyzoite replication in intermediate host tissues. So far, there are no commercially available effective drugs against this parasite. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa rhizome is well-known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and also anti-protozoan effects. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin on viability, motility, invasive capacity, and proliferation of B. besnoiti tachyzoites replicating in primary bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVEC) in vitro. Functional inhibition assays revealed that curcumin treatments reduce tachyzoite viability and induce lethal effects in up to 57% of tachyzoites (IC50 in 5.93 μM). Referring to general motility, significant dose-dependent effects of curcumin treatments were observed. Interestingly, curcumin treatments only dampened helical gliding and twirling activities whilst longitudinal gliding motility was not significantly affected. In addition, curcumin pretreatments of tachyzoites resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of host cell invasion as detected by infections rates at 1 day p. i. These findings demonstrate feeding cattle with Curcuma longa rhizomes may represent a new strategy for besnoitiosis treatment

Sex differences in vanadium inhalation effects in non-ciliated bronchiolar cells

The non-ciliated bronchiolar cell (NCBC) is responsible for the defense of the lung and responds to negative stimuli such as exposure to toxic pro-oxidant substances, which triggers the hyperproduction and hypersecretion of mucins and CC16 protein. The literature demonstrates that physiological and pathological responses in the lung can be influenced by the organism’s sex. The objective of this report was to evaluate response differences to vanadium inhalation in male and female CD-1 mice. Mice were exposed to vanadium for four weeks. Hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium, small inflammatory foci and sloughing of the NCBC were observed, without changes between sexes and throughout the exposure time. Mucosecretory metaplasia was found in both males and females, however it was more drastic in males. The expression of CC16 increased in both sexes. This study demonstrated a different susceptibility between male and female mice exposed to vanadium inhalation regarding mucosecretory metaplasia

Oxidative Stress and Vanadium

Air pollution is a worldwide health problem, and metals are one of the various air pollutants to which living creatures are exposed. The pollution by metals such as: lead, cadmium, manganese, and vanadium have a common mechanism of action: the production of oxidative stress in the cell. Oxidative stress favors the production of free radicals, which damage biomolecules such as: DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates; these free radicals produce changes that are observed in different organs and systems. Vanadium is a transition element delivered into the atmosphere by the combustion of fossil fuels as oxides and adhered to the PM enters into the respiratory system, then crosses the alveolar wall and enters into the systemic circulation. In this chapter, we will review the oxidative stress induced by vanadium—as a common mechanism of metal pollutants—; in addition, we will review the protective effect of the antioxidants (carnosine and ascorbate)

Evaluación etnofarmacológica de la curcumina (curcuma longa) en ovinos estabulados infectados con eimeria spp.

Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Anima

EVALUACIÓN ETNOFARMACOLÓGICA DE LA CURCUMINA (Curcuma longa) EN OVINOS ESTABULADOS INFECTADOS CON Eimeria spp.

La coccidiosis ovina es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por protozoarios del género Eimeria, la cual puede influir negativamente en la salud y en el rendimiento productivo de los borregos con una mortalidad de hasta el 20%. Esta enfermedad se caracteriza por una alta producción de citocinas proinflamatorias y estrés oxidativo, los cuales pueden dañar el tejido intestinal. En la actualidad, para el tratamiento de la coccidiosis se usan medicamentos. Sin embargo, la resistencia a los compuestos anticoccidiales y la preocupación por los residuos de medicamentos en la leche y en la carne ha llevado a la evaluación de alternativas para prevenir y controlar esta enfermedad. Con base en resultados preliminares, se evaluó en este estudio el uso de Curcuma longa en la suplementación de dieta. Veinte corderos criollos infectados naturalmente con Eimeria spp., de 28 días de edad, con un peso promedio de 12 kg se divididos en cinco grupos. Tres grupos se trataron por vía oral durante 14 días con 50 mg/kg PV, 100 mg/kg PV o 200 mg/kg PV de C. longa. Un grupo tratado con placebo y un grupo control no tratado. Las muestras de heces se obtuvieron cada tercer día para determinar la eficacia anticoccidial. Además, los animales se pesaron el día cero y 42. Para evaluar la actividad inmunomodulatoria de la curcumina se midieron citocinas por ELISA, una proinflamatoria (INF-γ) y una inmunorreguladora (IL-10). La peroxidación de lípidos y la generación de nitritos se determinó por medio del ensayo de malondialdehído en suero y la reacción de Griess, respectivamente. La actividad anticoccidial de la C. longa aumentó con el tiempo en los tres grupos tratados y alcanzó una eficacia del 100% en el día 42. Los animales tratados con 200 mg/kg de C. longa ganaron el doble del peso diario en comparación con los grupos no tratados. Los niveles de IL-10 fueron más altos en los animales tratados, mientras que la peroxidación lipídica y la generación de nitritos fueron significativamente más bajos. Los resultados mostraron que la administración de la curcumina puede reducir la producción de ooquiste, la pérdida de peso, la inflamación y los efectos relacionados con el estrés oxidativo causado por infecciones por Eimeria spp. en corderos

Influence of curcumin (Curcuma longa) as a natural anticoccidial alternative in adult rabbits: first results

Coccidiosis is one of the most common ailments in rabbits farming and is usually treated with drugs that can produce resistance; therefore, a natural alternative was sought. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extract of curcumin (Curcuma longa) on the excretion of oocysts of Eimeria spp. in New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty-four eight-month-old rabbits were divided into four groups of six animals to be C. longa extract administered at 0 (Control), 10, 25 or 40 mg/kg body weight (BW). Rabbit weights were recorded and faeces samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. The McMaster technique was used for quantifying Eimeria spp. oocysts. Results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance for repeated observations. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) from d 28 were observed among the Control, the group of 25 mg/kg BW and that of 40 mg/kg BW. At d 42, statistically difference (P<0.05) among the Control group and the other three groups was observed. It could be concluded that C. longa decreased Eimeria spp. oocysts excretion efficiently at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW with 80.1, 63.7 and 64.9% for d 28, 35 and 42, respectively, with reducing concentration of eggs per gram of faeces with about 20.1, 15.6 and 17.8 for d 14, 21 and 35, respectively. However, further studies are needed to assess and confirm the antiparasitic activity of C. longa

Influence of curcumin (Curcuma longa) as a natural anticoccidial alternative in adult rabbits: first results

Coccidiosis is one of the most common ailments in rabbits farming and is usually treated with drugs that can produce resistance; therefore, a natural alternative was sought. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extract of curcumin (Curcuma longa) on the excretion of oocysts of Eimeria spp. in New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty-four eight-month-old rabbits were divided into four groups of six animals to be C. longa extract administered at 0 (Control), 10, 25 or 40 mg/kg body weight (BW). Rabbit weights were recorded and faeces samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. The McMaster technique was used for quantifying Eimeria spp. oocysts. Results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance for repeated observations. Statistically significant differences (P&lt;0.05) from d 28 were observed among the Control, the group of 25 mg/kg BW and that of 40 mg/kg BW. At d 42, statistically difference (P&lt;0.05) among the Control group and the other three groups was observed. It could be concluded that C. longa decreased Eimeria spp. oocysts excretion efficiently at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW with 80.1, 63.7 and 64.9% for d 28, 35 and 42, respectively, with reducing concentration of eggs per gram of faeces with about 20.1, 15.6 and 17.8 for d 14, 21 and 35, respectively. However, further studies are needed to assess and confirm the antiparasitic activity of C. longa

Development of the first georeferenced map of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. in Mexico from 1970 to date and prediction of its spatial distribution

The tick genus Ripicephalus (Boophilus), particularly R. microplus, is one of the most important ectoparasites that affects livestock health and considered an epidemiological risk because it causes significant economic losses due, mainly, to restrictions in the export of infested animals to several countries. Its spatial distribution has been tied to environmental factors, mainly warm temperatures and high relative humidity. In this work, we integrated a dataset consisting of 5843 records of Rhipicephalus spp., in Mexico covering close to 50 years to know which environmental variables mostly influence this ticks’ distribution. Occurrences were georeferenced using the software DIVA-GIS and the potential current distribution was modelled using the maximum entropy method (Maxent). The algorithm generated a map of high predictive capability (Area under the curve = 0.942), providing the various contribution and permutation importance of the tested variables. Precipitation seasonality, particularly in March, and isothermality were found to be the most significant climate variables in determining the probability of spatial distribution of Rhipicephalus spp. in Mexico (15.7%, 36.0% and 11.1%, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that Rhipicephalus has colonized Mexico widely, including areas characterized by different types of climate. We conclude that the Maxent distribution model using Rhipicephalus records and a set of environmental variables can predict the extent of the tick range in this country, information that should support the development of integrated control strategies

Clavigero. Comunidad de saberes, núm 10: Antidoping para una sociedad adictiva

Desmitificar el tema de las adicciones y de la persona del adicto no es tarea sencilla, se requiere una nueva perspectiva que parta del diálogo de saberes y una lectura desde la complejidad, más allá del problema centrado en el consumo. La creación de puentes de conocimiento e intercambio de experiencias entre profesionales, miembros de la sociedad civil y los aquejados por las adicciones se vuelve hoy más que nunca pertinente, ya que de todas estas fuentes de saber se nutre la construcción del fenómeno adictivo en la comunidad. Esperamos que este número pueda ofrecer vísperas de soluciones y perspectivas que construyan una más amplia definición y alternativas de intervención