La depresión infantojuvenil: prevención en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria

La infancia se acorta por la actividad a que los adultos someten a los niños/as, y la adolescencia se prolonga artificialmente, porque el período de dependencia económica y psicosocial no coincide con el de autonomía física que se consolida en la pubertad. La sociedad, las familias, la escolaridad, las circunstancias... en muchas ocasiones hacen que los niños/as y adolescentes tengan dificultades de adaptación que se manifiestan en conductas de depresión, que se prolongan o surgen en la adultez. Se proponen las bases de un Programa de (Intervención desde la) Prevención, en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria, desde el Departamento de Orientación, con la colaboración de los tutores del centro, las familias, y con la implicación de toda la comunidad educativa.Childhood is shortened by the activity that adults subject children and adolescence is extended artificially, because the period of psychological and economic dependency does not coincide with the physical autonomy which is consolidated at puberty. The society, families, schooling, the circumstances... on many occasions make that children and adolescents have difficulties of adaptation that is manifested in behavior of depression, which extend or arise in adulthood. We propose the bases of a program of (intervention from the) prevention, in an Institute of secondary education, from the guidance Department, with the collaboration of the Center, families, tutors and with the involvement of the entire educational communityEste trabajo pretende dar a conocer la importancia de la prevención de la depresión infantojuvenil en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria, mediante la elaboración de las bases de un Programa de intervención desde el Departamento de Orientación, con la colaboración de los tutores del centro, las familias, y con la implicación de toda la comunidad educativa

Periodontal Disease and Nuclear and Oxidative DNA Damage

Oral health is an important aspect of the overall health status of an individual. DNA damage has been associated with oral health and dental factors due to the increased of oxidative stress (OxS). DNA damage can produce a wide range of effects on human health. These effects could appear immediately, but others do not become evident much later. Chronic diseases have been study to understand their mechanisms, clinical implications, and the development of secondary disease such as cancer. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases. It is an inflammatory chronic infectious disease, which is characterized by the loss of supporting tissues and tooth loss caused by periodontopathogens and long-term release of reactive oxygen species (ROS); thus, oxidative stress is increased during periodontitis. Oxidative stress can produce DNA damage, including the oxidation of nucleosides, which could cause DNA strand break. This oxidative damage leads the formation of micronuclei (MN) a marker of nuclear damage. Also, oxidative stress increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels which are the most common stable product of oxidative DNA damage

Long-term monitoring of the Iberian ibex population in the Sierra Nevada of the southeast Iberian Peninsula

This dataset provides long-term information on the presence of the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica Schimper, 1848) in Sierra Nevada (SE Iberian Peninsula). Data on the abundance and demographic structure of the Iberian ibex population were compiled over the last three decades. Transects were laid out to record different variables such as the number of individuals sighted, the perpendicular distance of each group of Iberian ibex to the transect line and sex as well as age of individuals in the case of males. These data enabled the calculation of population parameters such as density, sex ratio, birth rate, and age structure. These parameters are key for Iberian ibex conservation and management, given that Sierra Nevada harbours the largest population of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. The data set we present is structured using the Darwin Core biological standard, which contains 3,091 events (582 transect walk events and 2,509 group sighting events), 5,396 occurrences, and 2,502 measurements. The occurrences include the sightings of 11,436 individuals (grouped by sex and age) from 1993 to 2018 in a total of 88 transects distributed along Sierra Nevada, of which 33 have been continuously sampled since 2008.Projects "LIFE-ADAPTAMED: Protection of key ecosystem services by adaptive management of Climate Change endangered Mediterranean socioecosystems" LIFE14 CCA/ES/000612H2020 project "ECOPOTENTIAL: Improving future ecosystem benefits through earth observations" - European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 641762Elter H2020 project "European Long-Term Ecosystem and Socio-Ecological Research Infrastructure" - European Union's Horizon 2020 programme 654359100100031005001010040016676/2006/A/001571/2007/M/00173/2009/M/00861/11/M/0003/15/M/002016 _00014_M2017-00189

Mecanismos Moleculares de Resistencia a Ceftazidima/Avibactam en Aislados Clínicos de Enterobacterales y Pseudomonas aeruginosa en Hospitales Latinoamericanos

Ceftazidima-avibactam (CZA) es la combinación de una cefalosporina de tercera generación y un nuevo inhibidor de β-lactamasas no β-lactámico capaz de inactivar β-lactamasas de clase A, C y algunas D. A partir de una colección de 2.727 aislamientos clínicos de Enterobacterales (n = 2.235) y P. aeruginosa (n = 492) que se recogieron entre 2016 y 2017 de cinco países latinoamericanos, investigamos los mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a CZA de 127 (18/2.235 [0,8%] Enterobacterales y 109/492 [22,1%] P. aeruginosa). En primer lugar, mediante qPCR para detectar la presencia de genes que codifican las carbapenemasas KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, OXA-48-like y SPM-1, y en segundo lugar, mediante secuenciación del genoma completo (WGS). De los aislados resistentes a la CZA, se detectaron genes codificadores de MBL en los 18 Enterobacterales y los 42/109 aislados de P. aeruginosa, lo que explica su fenotipo resistente. Los aislados resistentes que dieron un resultado negativo en la qPCR para cualquiera de los genes codificadores de MBL se sometieron a WGS. El análisis WGS de los 67 aislados de P. aeruginosa restantes mostró mutaciones en genes previamente asociados con una susceptibilidad reducida a la CZA, como los implicados en la bomba de eflujo MexAB-OprM y la hiperproducción de AmpC (PDC), PoxB (blaOXA-50-like), FtsI (PBP3), DacB (PBP4) y OprD. Los resultados aquí presentados ofrecen una instantánea del panorama epidemiológico molecular para la resistencia a CZA antes de la introducción de este antibiótico en el mercado latinoamericano. Por lo tanto, estos resultados sirven como una valiosa herramienta de comparación para rastrear la evolución de la resistencia a CZA en esta región geográfica endémica de carbapenemasas.Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is the combination of a third-generation cephalosporin and a new non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor capable of inactivating class A, C, and some D β-lactamases. From a collection of 2,727 clinical isolates of Enterobacterales (n = 2,235) and P. aeruginosa (n = 492) that were collected between 2016 and 2017 from five Latin American countries, we investigated the molecular resistance mechanisms to CZA of 127 (18/2,235 [0.8%] Enterobacterales and 109/492 [22.1%] P. aeruginosa). First, by qPCR for the presence of genes encoding KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, OXA-48-like, and SPM-1 carbapenemases, and second, by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). From the CZA-resistant isolates, MBL-encoding genes were detected in all 18 Enterobacterales and 42/109 P. aeruginosa isolates, explaining their resistant phenotype. Resistant isolates that yielded a negative qPCR result for any of the MBL encoding genes were subjected to WGS. The WGS analysis of the 67 remaining P. aeruginosa isolates showed mutations in genes previously associated with reduced susceptibility to CZA, such as those involved in the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and AmpC (PDC) hyperproduction, PoxB (blaOXA-50-like), FtsI (PBP3), DacB (PBP4), and OprD. The results presented here offer a snapshot of the molecular epidemiological landscape for CZA resistance before the introduction of this antibiotic into the Latin American market. Therefore, these results serve as a valuable comparison tool to trace the evolution of the resistance to CZA in this carbapenemase-endemic geographical region

Inclusive education from a service learning secondary education proposal

This project is an attempt to improve the academic inclusion of students in a group of curricular diversification of compulsory secondary education. The project to set up a children's theater show has made possible to put into practice the skills and stimulate learning: inclusion, coexistence, teamwork, equal opportunities. This experience has meant a meeting between formal and non-formal education and involving students in the reality of their environment. It has become an opportunity to involve students in their community and to foster intergenerational contact. The students participating in the experience show their satisfaction with the work done. Thus, they collaborated in the learning of the little ones and they were involved in a very decided way. Likewise, the project has also served to improve one's self-concept. Our proposal is thus linked to Learning-Service, as it combines the learning process of the students with the service to the community, with the intention of improving their immediate environment, and with the social learning of the actors in the educational scenario. Confirming both this difficulty and the need to overcome it for a more optimal performance led us to launch a Service-Learning Project (APS) that included the work of curricular contents and at the same time became a motivation for students, Influencing their self-esteem and involvement in the community.This project is an attempt to improve the academic inclusion of students in a group of curricular diversification of compulsory secondary education. The project to set up a children's theater show has made possible to put into practice the skills and stimulate learning: inclusion, coexistence, teamwork, equal opportunities. This experience has meant a meeting between formal and non-formal education and involving students in the reality of their environment. It has become an opportunity to involve students in their community and to foster intergenerational contact. The students participating in the experience show their satisfaction with the work done. Thus, they collaborated in the learning of the little ones and they were involved in a very decided way. Likewise, the project has also served to improve one's self-concept. Our proposal is thus linked to Learning-Service, as it combines the learning process of the students with the service to the community, with the intention of improving their immediate environment, and with the social learning of the actors in the educational scenario. Confirming both this difficulty and the need to overcome it for a more optimal performance led us to launch a Service-Learning Project (APS) that included the work of curricular contents and at the same time became a motivation for students, Influencing their self-esteem and involvement in the community.This work is based on the initial questions about whether basic competences are achieved in Compulsory Secondary Education in Spain and whether an inclusive education is promoted in Secondary classrooms through the presence and participation of students. Our contribution is inserted in a Research Project that investigates the processes of educational inclusion in Secondary Education

Dworking: sobre el derecho internacional

Desde Judicial Discretion1 hasta Terror and the Attack on Civil Liberties2 , han transcurrido cuarenta años. En cuatro décadas, Dworkin se ha revelado un escritor muy prolífico, con una producción literaria que ronda las doscientas publicaciones entre conferencias, artículos y libros. No sólo estamos ante una bibliografía abultadísima sino que ésta representa una de las aportaciones más fecundas a la filosofía del derecho. Además de las numerosas reimpresiones de sus obras, de la traducción a numerosas lenguas y de la abultadísima bibliografía secundaria que ha generado, existe un acuerdo generalizado en el sentido de reconocer que, desde que saliese a la luz en 1977 Taking Rights Seriously, Dworkin ha protagonizado algunas de las polémicas que han tenido efectos más importantes en el desarrollo de la teoría del derecho de los últimos tiempos. Pero que Dworkin sea un autor muy popular no significa que sea suficientemente bien conocido. El hecho de que a menudo su pensamiento haya sido objeto de interpretaciones erróneas y malentendidos puede explicarse, en mi opinión, a la luz de ciertos rasgos asociados a su obra. Me gustaría llamar la atención sobre tres de ellos. En primer lugar, estamos ante un escritor muy fecundo. Aunque en el grueso de su producción no faltan “libros”, Dworkin se ha revelado ante todo un articulista prolífico, que además no desdeña incursiones en ámbitos temáticos que trascienden la esfera estrictamente académica. Más aún, buena parte de los libros por él publicados no obedecen a un diseño sistemático, sino que son más bien colecciones de artículos publicados al hilo de incitaciones muy diferentes. Eso hace que en ocasiones no sea inmediatamente perceptible el nexo sistemático que, sin embargo, presta unidad teórica a contribuciones suyas dispersas. Además, Dworkin construye su teoría recurriendo asiduamente a una terminología y, en general, a un “utillaje” teórico muy original, que dificulta considerablemente la tarea de situar sus ideas dentro de un marco de discusión más convencional

Current research trends on cognition, integrative complexity, and decision-making: a systematic literature review using activity theory and neuroscience

IntroductionThis article presents a systematic literature review that follows the PRISMA and PICOS guidelines to analyze current research trends on cognition, integrative complexity (IC) (a cognitive feature focusing on information processing in a person’s response rather than its quantity or quality), and decision-making from the perspectives of activity theory and neuroscience.MethodsThe study examines 31 papers published between 2012 and 2022 and 19 articles specifically related to neuroscience. We performed a content analysis using six categories within activity theory: subjects, objects, rules, community, division of labor, and outcomes.ResultsThe study investigates the relationship between decision-making outcomes and IC as a cognitive feature in various contexts. Additionally, content analysis on neuroscience and IC revealed significant research gaps, including understanding the nature of IC, challenges related to its measurement, and differentiation from other cognitive features. We also identify opportunities for investigating the brain’s activity during decision-making in relation to IC.DiscussionWe address the need for a more precise categorization of IC in studies of cognition, IC, and decision-making. We discuss the implications of our analysis for understanding the cognitive nature of IC and the potential of neuroscience methods for studying this attribute