Diseño y desarrollo de una papelera de 50 litros simplificada en su sistema de fijación a poste

En este Trabajo Final de Grado se ha llevado a cabo el diseño funcional y resistente de una papelera simplificada en su sistema de fijación a poste, a partir de una muestra física que existe en el Área de Ingeniería Mecánica. Primero, se explica como se han analizado las papeleras ya existentes en el mercado para obtener unas especificaciones de diseño. Con estas características, se ha llevado a cabo la generación de ideas, la elección de un concepto final, y el diseño de las piezas en modelado 3D. A continuación, se expone como se han ejecutado ensayos resistentes y reológicos para comprobar que lo que se había diseñado era fabricable. En caso de que no haya sido así, se han realizado las mejoras necesarias en las piezas. Por último, se han creado los renders y los planos de las piezas, y se ha hecho un presupuesto aproximado del precio de esta papelera

Hyaluronic acid-based bioink improves the differentiation and network formation of neural progenitor cells

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technique for the development of neuronal in vitro models because it controls the deposition of materials and cells. Finding a biomaterial that supports neural differentiation in vitro while ensuring compatibility with the technique of 3D bioprinting of a self-standing construct is a challenge. Methods: In this study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), methacrylated alginate (AlgMA), and hyaluronic acid (HA) were examined by exploiting their biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties to resemble the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to create a suitable material for printing neural progenitor cells (NPCs), supporting their long-term differentiation. NPCs were printed and differentiated for up to 15 days, and cell viability and neuronal differentiation markers were assessed throughout the culture. Results and Discussion: This composite biomaterial presented the desired physical properties to mimic the ECM of the brain with high water intake, low stiffness, and slow degradation while allowing the printing of defined structures. The viability rates were maintained at approximately 80% at all time points. However, the levels of β-III tubulin marker increased over time, demonstrating the compatibility of this biomaterial with neuronal cell culture and differentiation. Furthermore, these cells showed increased maturation with corresponding functional properties, which was also demonstrated by the formation of a neuronal network that was observed by recording spontaneous activity via Ca2+ imaging

Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis

In a climate change scenario, Mediterranean forest species such as pines may be endangered by rising temperatures and reduced precipitation, thus calling for studies on the transpiration and water balance in pines. In this paper, the response of young plants of Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus halepensis Mill. to different irrigation treatments has been studied. Significant differences were found in water potential, sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral variables. P. sylvestris had higher pre-dawn and midday water potentials, sap flow rates and leaf-level gas exchange rates compared to the other two species in well-watered conditions. Vapor pressure gradient correlated with stomatal conductance, net assimilation and transpiration, but the association between stomatal conductance and sap flow was weak. The environmental variables more strongly associated with sap flow were solar radiation and reference evapo-transpiration, especially in the well-watered plants, but those associations were weaker in the stressed plants. All three pine species showed the isohydric, drought-avoiding strategy common in the genus Pinus, maintaining relatively high water potentials in dry conditions. Nevertheless, P. halepensis showed a water-saving strategy, with a stomatal closure behavior under drought. Stomatal regulation was less strict in P. sylvestris, closer to a water-spending pattern, while P. pinea showed an intermediate behavior. Significant differences were recorded among species in spectral reflectance in the visible and infra-red regions. Photochemical Reflectance Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and combinations of other ratios permitted the discrimination among the three pine species. These spectral variables showed association with sap flow rate, water potential and leaflevel gas exchange variables. Both cluster analysis and k-means classification discriminated Scots pine and Aleppo pine in two different groups. On the other hand, Stone pine showed differences in spectral behavior depending on the hydric status of the plants. Well-watered Stone pine plants had the same spectral behavior as Scots pine, while the plants subjected to drought stress were closer to Aleppo pine plants in spectral response. These findings may help to quantify the impacts of early and mid-summer water deficit on Mediterranean pines in future climate regimes

Mechanical Properties of Three Bamboo Species: Effect of External Climatic Conditions and Fungal Infestation in Laboratory Conditions

Bamboo is a material with good tensile and flexural resistance. As a construction material with structural capacity, using bamboo implies considerable environmental advantages in relation to other typical materials such as steel or concrete. For its correct implementation, it is necessary to define its mechanical properties and durability. Bamboo is susceptible to degradation due to the lack of natural toxins and thin walls, which means that shallow decomposition processes can imply appreciable reductions in its mechanical capacity. The main degrading agents considered in this study were beetles, termites, and xylophagous fungi. The aim of this study was to analyze the durability of three different species: DS, PA, and AA. Durability and mechanical tests results after 6 months of exposure to biotic and abiotic agents were compared with their original properties and chemical composition. In this study, durability was analyzed in two ways. Firstly, the loss of mass due to fungal infection was investigated. The results obtained were based on the standard EN 113 using the fungus CP. Secondly, bending and compressive strength was evaluated after a durability test according to the standard EN 335:2013 for the CU3.1 use class after a 6 month period in the city of Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain. The DS and AA varieties were rated as very durable CD1, while the PA variety is durable CD2, thus proving to be an attractive material for construction.Financial support from the Basque Country Government in the frame of Grupos Consolidados (IT-1690-22)

Cationically photocured epoxy/polycaprolactone materials processed by solution electrospinning, melt electrowriting and 3D printing: Morphology and shape memory properties

Epoxy/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends containing cationic photo-initiator were prepared by both solution and melt blending. These materials were processed by solvent casting, solution electrospinning (SE), melt electrowriting (MEW), and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. The final materials were obtained after UV curing at room temperature. FTIR, and gel content measurements showed that all the materials were crosslinked and that the PCL was part of the network. The shape memory abilities (measured by DMA experiments) depended on the processing technique. Thus, the fixity and recovery ratios were optimal for electrospun fibers, while the 3D printed sample was not able to recover any shape, probably because of the poor adhesion between the printed layers. According to AFM images, samples obtained by MEW and 3D printing produced materials with spherulitic morphology, while solution electrospinning rendered fibers with Shish-Kebab-type crystalline morphology. The latter was highly anisotropic, and many chains were oriented along the nanofiber axis interdispersed with amorphous regions where the epoxy resin formed covalent links with the PCL chains. This morphology conferred extraordinary solvent resistance and shape memory properties to the electrospun mats. The latter manifested a very high affinity towards chloroform, and accordingly, they displayed potential applications as chloroform sensors.AJM acknowledges funding by the Basque Government through grant IT1503-22. LI acknowledges funding by the Basque Government through grant IT1667-22

Extracurricular Factors Influence Perceived Stress in a Large Cohort of Colombian Dental Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of extracurricular factors including socioeconomic status and career choice with perceived stress in dental school in a large cohort of Colombian dental students. Participants in the study were 5,700 students enrolled in seventeen Colombian dental schools. The study employed a Spanish adaptation of the Dental Environment Stressors (DES30-Sp) questionnaire and recorded an array of demographic, socioeconomic, career choice, and dental studies-related information. Data analyses relied on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods based on multi-level mixed-effects linear regression and post hoc estimation of predictive margins. "Fear of failing a course or year" emerged as the highest ranked item. Male students consistently reported less perceived stress than females, and stress scores were higher among seniors. Independent of gender, age, and study year, having dentistry as one's first career choice, relying on financial support, and belonging to higher socioeconomic strata were associated with lower stress levels. Academic environment interventions aimed to improve students' educational well-being will need to account for the individual heterogeneity among them. These data from a robust cohort of predoctoral dental students underscore the importance of considering students' educational experiences in a broader social and economic context

Adquisición de habilidades sociales a través de aprendizaje grupal:¿nuevas metodologías o metodología tradicional?

[SPA] Los defensores del empleo de metodologías de aprendizaje colaborativo en las aulas universitarias aluden a la mejora que éstas proporcionan en la adquisición de las principales habilidades socio-profesionales. La presente comunicación tiene por objeto dar a conocer los resultados conseguidos tras analizar los datos obtenidos en las encuestas realizadas por alumnos de distintos cursos y titulaciones de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Dichas encuestas midieron el grado de adquisición de determinadas habilidades socio-profesionales a través del aprendizaje colaborativo, comparándolo con el obtenido mediante el empleo de técnicas más tradicionales de aprendizaje.[ENG] Supporters of using collaborative learning methodologies in the High Education classrooms make reference to the improvement that they provide in the attainment of the main socio-professional skills. The aim of this communication is to report the results obtained after analyzing the data obtained in the surveys carried out to students from various courses and degrees of the Polytechnic University of Cartagena. These surveys measured the degree of attainment of certain socioprofessional skills through the collaborative learning, by comparing it with the ones obtained through the use of more traditional learning techniques

Nueva estrategia didáctica para fomentar la participación del alumnado en el proceso de aprendizaje en el ámbito de la tecnología farmacéutica (continuación)

Depto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología AlimentariaFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Creación de un nuevo recurso educativo virtual para estudiantes de grado en Farmacia

Depto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología AlimentariaFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Guía para la integración en la docencia de la competencia 2: trabajar en equipo

El trabajo en equipo dentro de las aulas se presenta como una forma de organización que ofrece indudables ventajas de aprendizaje, pero también muchos inconvenientes. Así, la disparidad de motivaciones y de capacidades y disponibilidades de los individuos que componen los equipos pueden llegar a convertirlos en simples grupos de trabajo de canalización de las distintas tareas individuales asignadas, con resultados dispares que llevan en muchos casos a la desmotivación del estudiante y del propio profesor. Pero trabajar en grupo no es trabajar en equipo. Este último implica una interdependencia activa entre los integrantes, que deben asumir un proyecto común con verdadero sentido de la responsabilidad, individual y colectivo. Sólo asumiendo un auténtico compromiso se pueden crear las interacciones necesarias para lograr que el todo sea más que la suma de las partes. De este modo, las distintas capacidades y aportes y los diferentes niveles de compromiso e intereses dejan de suponer un obstáculo para dar lugar a una dinámica de enriquecimiento personal y conjunto. Esta forma de actuar exige de la creación de un saber-hacer colectivo, que permita identificar y resolver problemas, decidir, ejecutar y evaluar acciones, todo ello en un contexto de comunicación fluida y de claras normas de funcionamient