Evolución geológica en la cuenca baja del río Colorado durante el cenozoico, Patagonia Norte, Argentina

Climatic changes and eustatic sea levels have been assumed to be the most important controllers of the Colorado River alluvial fan in northern Patagonia. Although the alluvial fan occurs in a region considered tectonically stable, there are pieces of evidence that the Miocene Andean orogeny has reactivated inherited structures, with subsequent geomorphological changes that date back to the Pleistocene. Besides, the clear evidence of neotectonism in the region and their effects on the evolution of this fan, it has not been studied in detail yet. In this study, we map and analyze six sections outcropping in different terraces of the alluvial fan with the primary aim of disentangling the role of tectonism, climate and eustatic changes on the evolution of the alluvial fan. This study is part of a bigger project aimed to understand the origin of the shallow lakes occurring in northern Patagonia. Our results indicate that the alluvial fan of the Colorado River was established in the area around the Middle Pleistocene. Evidence of deformations in Miocene to Pleistocene units indicates significant neotectonism during the Upper Pleistocene. By the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, tectonism produced incision generating a set of terraces. After this time, an important climate change from semiarid to arid favored the calcretization of some terraces. By the Pleistocene-Middle Holocene, the terraces were covered by ancient eolian sediment accumulated during dry conditions. By the Middle Holocene, a broad alluvial fan developed in the region under a warmer and more humid climate generating the Alluvial Colorado River-III deposit at the T3 terrace. In the late Holocene, aggradation process was favored by a high sea level and temperate-arid climate, producing T4 terrace. At the same time, this climate condition favored the local deflation-sedimentation processes that resulted in the deposition of modern eolian deposits (mE) over the T3 terrace. The depressions generated by the deflation were, later on, occupied by shallow lakes when the climate turn more humid. Subsequently, during regressive sea level condition, ca. 2000 years BP, the T4 terrace was partially eroded and the modern alluvial plain formed.La evolución geológica y morfológica del abanico aluvial del río Colorado en el norte de Patagonia ha sido explicada, en su zona distal, como resultado de cambios eustáticos y climáticos. A pesar de que el abanico se encuentra en una región considerada como una zona tectónicamente estable, hay evidencia de que la orogenia andina durante el Mioceno reactivó estructuras preexistentes y produjo cambios geomorfológicos asignados al Pleistoceno. Sin embargo, la influencia de la tectónica en la evolución del abanico aluvial del río Colorado no ha sido aún estudiada. En este trabajo, se levantaron y estudiaron seis secciones que afloran en distintas terrazas del abanico aluvial del río Colorado con el objetivo principal de comprender el rol de la tectónica, los cambios climáticos y eustáticos en la evolución del abanico aluvial. Este estudio es parte de un proyecto mayor que busca entender el origen de las lagunas someras presentes en la parte norte de la Patagonia. Nuestros resultados indican que el abanico aluvial del río Colorado se estableció en el área alrededor del Pleistoceno medio. La evidencia de deformaciones en las unidades del Mioceno al Pleistoceno indica una significativa actividad neotectónica durante el Pleistoceno superior. Para la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno, el tectonismo generó una serie de terrazas. Posteriormente, un cambio climático de semiárido a árido favoreció la calcretización de las terrazas. Durante el Pleistoceno-Holoceno medio, las terrazas fueron cubiertas por la acumulación de sedimentos eólicos antiguos en condiciones de clima seco. En el Pleistoceno medio se desarrolló un amplio abanico aluvial en la región, en un clima más cálido y húmedo, que generó los depósitos aluviales del río Colorado-III en un nuevo nivel de terraza (T3). En el Holoceno tardío, el proceso de agradación fue favorecido por un alto nivel del mar y un clima templado-árido, que produjo la terraza T4. Al mismo tiempo, estas condiciones climáticas favorecieron los procesos de deflación-sedimentación local que dieron lugar a la deposición de depósitos eólicos modernos (mE) sobre la terraza T3. Las depresiones generadas por la deflación fueron, más tarde, ocupadas por los lagos poco profundos cuando el clima se volvió más húmedo. Posteriormente, durante condiciones regresivas del nivel del mar, ca. 2000 años AP, la terraza T4 fue parcialmente erosionada y se formó la llanura aluvial moderna.Fil: Seitz, Carina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Vélez, María I.. University Of Regina; CanadáFil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; Argentin

Wage effects of non-wage labour costs

We study wage effects of two important elements of non-wage labour costs: firing costs and payroll taxes. We exploit a reform that introduced substantial reduction in these two provisions for unemployed workers aged less than thirty and over forty five years. Theoretical insights are gained with a matching model with heterogeneous workers, which predict a positive effect on wages for new entrant workers but an ambiguous effect for incumbent workers. Difference-in-differences estimates, which account for the endogeneity of the treatment status, are consistent with our model predictions and suggest that decreased firing costs and payroll taxes have a positive effect on wages of new entrants. We find larger effects for older than for younger workers and for men than for women. Calibration and simulation of the model corroborate such positive effect for new entrants and also show a positive wage effect for incumbents. The reduction in firing costs accounts, on average, for one third of the overall wage increase.Dismissal costs, payroll tax, evaluation of labour market reforms, difference-in-difference, matching model, Spain

Neogene paleoceanography of the eastern equatorial Pacific based on the radiolarian record of IODP drill sites off Costa Rica

The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 344 drilled cores following a transect across the convergent margin off Costa Rica. Two of the five sites (U1381 and U1414) are the subject of the present study. Major radiolarian faunal breaks and characteristic species groups were defined with the aid of cluster analysis, nodal analysis, and discriminant analysis of principal components. A middle-late Miocene to Pleistocene age (radiolarian zones RN5 to RN16) was determined for the sites, which agrees with the nannofossil zonations and 40Ar/39Ar and tephra layers. Considering the northward movement of the Cocos plate (∼7.3 cm/yr), and a paleolatitude calculator, it is assumed that during the Miocene the two sites were located ∼1000 km to the southwest of their current position, slightly south of the equator. The radiolarian faunas retrieved were thus seemingly formed under the influence of different oceanic currents and sources of nutrients. Changes in the radiolarian assemblages at Site U1414 point at dissimilar environmental settings associated with the colder South Equatorial Current and the warmer Equatorial Countercurrent, as well as to coastal upwelling. These differences are best reflected by changes in the abundance of the morphotype Spongurus spp., with noticeably higher values during the Miocene, than in the Pliocene and the Pleistocene. Because Spongurus spp. is generally associated with cooler waters, these abundance variations (as well as those of several other species) suggest that during the Miocene the area had a stronger influence of colder waters than during younger periods. During the Pliocene and the lowermost Pleistocene, biogenic remains are scarce, presumably due to the terrigenous input, which could have diluted and affected the preservation of pelagic fossils, as well as to the displacement of the site to warmer waters. A typically tropical fauna characterized the Pleistocene, yet with widespread presence of colder water species, most probably indicative of the influence of coastal upwelling processes.Fil: Sandoval, María I.. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa Rica. Universite de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Boltovskoy, Demetrio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Baxter, Alan T.. University of New England; Australia. McGill University; CanadáFil: Baumgartner, Peter O.. Universite de Lausanne; Suiz

The credibility of the Venezuela crawling-band system

This paper studies the credibility of the Venezuela crawling-band exchange rate regime during the period July, 1996-February, 2002. We show that, introducing some modifications, the credibility analysis widely applied to target zone regimes can also be used in studying the credibility of crawling- band regimes. In analyzing the credibility of the Venezuela crawling band, first we use the so-called simple credibility tests developed by Svensson (1991). Additionally, we estimate the expected rate of realignment using the drift- adjustment method. Both the credibility tests and the drift-adjustment method give similar results, showing that the crawling-band system was highly credible during the period.crawling band exchange rate system, credibility, realignments

Dealing with Qualitative and Quantitative Features in Legal Domains

In this work, we enrich a formalism for argumentation by including a formal characterization of features related to the knowledge, in order to capture proper reasoning in legal domains. We add meta-data information to the arguments in the form of labels representing quantitative and qualitative data about them. These labels are propagated through an argumentative graph according to the relations of support, conflict, and aggregation between arguments.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1903.0186

Texture Evolution of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet at High Strain Rates

In the current contribution the mechanical behaviour at high strain rates of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet is studied. Uniaxial deformation properties were studied by means of tensile split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at different temperatures. The influence of the strain rate and temperature on the deformation mechanisms was investigated by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and neutron diffraction. It is shown that twinning plays an important role on high strain rate deformation of this alloy, even at elevated temperatures. Significant evidence of prismatic slip as a deformation mechanism is observed, also at warm temperatures, leading to the alignment of directions with the tensile axis and to a spread of the intensities of the basal pole figure towards the in-plane direction perpendicular to the tensile axis. The rate of decrease of the CRSS of non-basal systems is observed to be slower than at quasi-static rates. Secondary twinning and pyramidal slip were also outlined for some conditions. At warm temperatures, in contrast to quasi-static range, a generalized dynamic recrystallization is not observed. Moreover, the activation of rotational recrystallization mechanisms is reporte

Twinning and grain subdivision during dynamic deformation of a Mg AZ31 sheet alloy at room temperature

The microstructural evolution of an AZ31 rolled sheet during dynamic deformation at strain rates of ∼103 s−1 has been investigated by electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray and neutron diffraction. The influence of orientation on the predominant deformation mechanisms and on the recovery processes taking place during deformation has been systematically examined. The results have been compared with those corresponding to the same alloy tested quasi-statically under equivalent conditions. It has been found that strain rate enhances the activation of extension twinning dramatically, while contraction and secondary twinning are not significantly influenced. The polarity of extension twinning is even reversed in some grains under selected testing conditions. Significant grain subdivision by the formation of geometrically necessary boundaries (GNBs) takes place during both quasi-static and dynamic deformation of this AZ31 alloy. It is remarkable that GNBs of high misorientations form even at the highest strain rates. The phenomenon of recovery has been found to be orientation dependen

Cuentos del lejano Oriente: imágenes con palabras

Una aproximación al panorama actual de la educación literaria pone de manifiesto la necesidad de repensar el modelo lector que nos envuelve. A partir de un cuento de Montserrat del Amo ambientado en China, planteamos la posibilidad de trabajar poesía y narración conjuntamente con el objeto de potenciar la educación estética y literaria de los escolares

Educación literaria y currículum en España desde 1970

La ausencia de una Historia de la Educación Literaria como corpus teórico a partir del cual construir la Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura, incide negativamente en la configuración de esta área de conocimiento. El presente artículo plantea la necesidad de dirigir la mirada desde el saber académico hacia el saber escolar con el objeto de comprender los procesos que engarzan los discursos y las prescripciones oficiales con las prácticas educativas. La lectura de las distintas leyes y programas sobre educación aprobadas en España desde 1970, supone una primera aproximación en la tarea de conocer el lugar que la educación literaria ha ocupado en los planes de estudio