Proposta metodológica para avaliação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas em pragas quarentenárias: estudo de caso em praga do coqueiro no Brasil

The aim of this work was to apply the instrument of geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the impacts of climatic changes on the geografic distribuition of quarantine pests in Brazil, based on scenarios of greenhouse gas emitions of the Forth Assesment Report Reports of the IPCC. Towards the economic importance of brazilian agriculture and the imminent threat of climatic changes and the possible consequences on the phytossanitary dynamics on crops, became necessary the study of spatial and temporal distribuition simulations. The GIS presented itself as a powerfull implement that can be used to evaluate the probability of future damages and pest risky analysis on the countrys field. The maps of monthly projections to favorable areas to the occurrence of red palm mite (Raoiella indica Hirst) to the period of 1961-1990 and to the period of 2071-2100, A2 scenario of grennhouse gas emitions , they were elaborated using spatial operations of mathematical and logical expressions. The areas with climate favorability ranges to the red palm mite were calculated to Brazil. Currently the red palm mite in Brazil has its occurrence restricted , notwithstanding , with climatic changes the future predicts more favorable conditions , when compared to the 1961-1990 weather.Pages: 4383-438

Simulação dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre a escoriose da videira no Brasil

Viticulture in Brazil has been growing in importance in recent years. Among fungal diseases, the phomopsis (Phomopsis viticola) is one of the main diseases affecting this crop in Brazil, with important damage effects on its production. The objective of this study was to predict the favorability of incidence of the phomopsis on grape under the climatic change conditions in Brazil, based on criterions of mathematical logic associating combinations of ranges of climate variables with classes of favorability and using Geographical Information System - GIS tools. The study considered the months throughout the year of periods of 1961-1990 and 2071-2100, scenario A2 of IPCC. Mean temperature and relative humidity were the basic weather data entered in the GIS database. Leaf wetness duration was estimated from relative humidity measurements. Climatic data entered in the GIS were used to calculate and produce maps depicting the favorability of incidence of the phomopsis, through the application of disease favorability criterions. Areas of classes of favorability were calculated considered the country and Northeast and South regions. There is a tendency in the future to increase the favorability of incidence of the phomopsis on grape considering Northeast and South regions. The adopted methodology permitted quantifying the area of favorability of the phomopsis on grape not only in spatial terms, identifying the variability among the different regions of the country, but also in temporal terms, along the months, making an adequate distinction of the studied regions.Pages: 252-25

Relationship of peripheral blood mononuclear cells miRNA expression and parasitic load in canine visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans is a chronic and often fatal disease if left untreated. Dogs appear to be the main reservoir host for L. infantum infection, however, in many regions other canids such as jackals, foxes, wolves and other mammals, such as hares or black rats, have been implicated as wild reservoirs. Most dogs cannot form an effective immune response against this infection, and this could be modulated by small non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs, responsible for post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Here, we evaluated the expression of miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of symptomatic dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (L.) infantum (n = 10) and compared to those of healthy dogs (n = 5). Microarray analysis revealed that miR-21, miR-424, miR-194 and miR-451 had a 3-fold increase in expression, miR-192, miR-503, and miR-371 had a 2-fold increase in expression, whereas a 2-fold reduction in expression was observed for miR-150 and miR-574. Real-time PCR validated the differential expression of miR-21, miR-150, miR-451, miR-192, miR-194, and miR-371. Parasite load of PBMC was measured by real-time PCR and correlated to the differentially expressed miRNAs, showing a strong positive correlation with expression of miR-194, a regular positive correlation with miR-371 expression, and a moderate negative correlation with miR-150 expression in PBMC. These findings suggest that Leishmania infection interferes with miRNAs expression in PBMC, and their correlation with parasite load may help in the identification of therapeutic targets in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL)

Data on differentially expressed miRNAs in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum

This paper contains data on differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (L.) infantum compared to healthy dogs. In recent years, studies with miRNAs have shown that these molecules play a critical role in the regulation and function of immune response.Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by microarray, validated by real time PCR and compared with parasite load in the dogs. Targets and pathways were analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis program. Keywords: Dog, Leishmania infantum, miRN

Dietary chromium yeast supplementation length in diets for growing-finishing pigs

This study aimed to evaluate different periods of chromium yeast (CrY) supplementation on growth performance and quantitative carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. We used eighty barrows (Duroc/Pietran × Large White/ Landrace) with an initial body weight of 24.5±2.4 kg. A completely randomized block design was used within four periods of dietary CrY supplementation (control diet: CrY-free, from 25 to 110 kg; Cr25-110 kg: diet with 0.4 mg kg−1 of CrY, from 25 to 110 kg; Cr50-110 kg: diet with 0.4 mg kg−1 of CrY, from 50 to 110 kg; and Cr70-110 kg: diet with 0.4 mg kg−1 of CrY, from 70 to 110 kg), with ten replicates and two animals each. The CrY supplementation did not affect (P>0.05) either the grow performance or the carcass characteristics evaluated. The dietary supplementation of 0.4 mg kg−1 of CrY for growing-finishing pigs (25 to 110 kg) does not alter the performance neither the quantitative carcass characteristic

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America

International audienc

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)