N′-tert-Butyl-5-(4-chloro­phen­yl)furan-2-carbohydrazide

In the title mol­ecule, C15H17ClN2O2, the furan and benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 15.35 (8)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains extended in the [010] direction

Report on grade assessment situation of the 12 prevention and control center pilot in Sichuan Province

目的  了解疾病预防控制机构（简称疾控机构）能力建设、经费保障、运行管理等情况，探索全省疾控等级评审方法和程序。方法  组织专家按照统一的评审标准对12家试点单位在政策环境、基础条件、疾病预防控制、检验检测、健康危害相关因素、信息化建设等7大类38个指标167个参数进行现场评审。结果  机构得分最高是自贡市，考核内容得分率较低的是检验检测和健康危害因素监测与控制，创建过程中各级政府对疾控机构在人、财、物方面均有不同程度的投入，A类和B类项目开展率有所增加，制定了疾控机构三级两等的评审标准。结论  疾控机构等级评审是疾控机构标准化建设和发展的有力抓手，通过评审能发现短板、弥补不足，增强政府在卫生防病方面的主体责任意识。Objective: To understand the situation of ability construction, funds guarantee, operation management of disease control agency, trying to figure out assessment method and program for prevention and control center. Methods: According to the unified standard, evaluation experts were organized to evaluate 12 pilot units. The assessment include 7 categories, 38 indicators and 167 parameters:  the policy environment, basic conditions, disease prevention and control, inspection, health relative factors, information construction, etc. Results: Zigong scored highest in all instituions. Inspection and health hazards monitoring and control scored lower in all categories.  In the process of setting up, all levels of government have different input on personnel, property and goods to prevention and control center. The development rate of type A and type B project increased. The classification standards were produced. Conclusion: Grade assessment is important to construction and development standardization of disease control agency. The assessment can find the weakness, make up the deficiency, strengthen responsibility consciousness of the government

catena-Poly[[[diaqua­iron(II)]-μ-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxyl­ato-[tetra­aqua­iron(II)]-μ-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxyl­ato] tetra­hydrate]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, {[Fe2(C7H3NO4)2(H2O)6]·4H2O}n, there are two types of coordination for the FeII atoms. One FeII atom is in a distorted octa­hedral N2O4 environment, with two chelating rings from the pyridine­dicarboxyl­ate ligands and two O atoms from the water mol­ecules, while the other is in a distorted octa­hedral O6 environment with two O atoms from the pyridine­dicarboxyl­ate ligands and four O atoms from the water mol­ecules. Both FeII atoms lie on crystallographic centers of symmetry. The complex possesses an infinite chain structure running along the [101] direction. These chains are inter­connected by the uncoordinated water mol­ecules through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N6-methyladenosine

Extensive pre-mRNA back-splicing generates numerous circular RNAs (circRNAs) in human transcriptome. However, the biological functions of these circRNAs remain largely unclear. Here we report that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant base modification of RNA, promotes efficient initiation of protein translation from circRNAs in human cells. We discover that consensus m6A motifs are enriched in circRNAs and a single m6A site is sufficient to drive translation initiation. This m6A-driven translation requires initiation factor eIF4G2 and m6A reader YTHDF3, and is enhanced by methyltransferase METTL3/14, inhibited by demethylase FTO, and upregulated upon heat shock. Further analyses through polysome profiling, computational prediction and mass spectrometry reveal that m6A-driven translation of circRNAs is widespread, with hundreds of endogenous circRNAs having translation potential. Our study expands the coding landscape of human transcriptome, and suggests a role of circRNA-derived proteins in cellular responses to environmental stress

INTERVENTION EFFECT AND DOSE-DEPENDENT RESPONSE OF TANREQING INJECTION ON AIRWAY MUCUS HYPERSECRETION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED RATS

Background: Tanreqing injection, a Chinese herbal formulation comprising Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Forsythiae, Flos Lonicerae, Antelope horn, and Bear bile powder, has been used to treat bronchitis and pneumonia for many years in China. However, its anti-mucus-hypersecretion mechanism has yet not been fully interpreted. We aim to assess the effect and dose-response relationships of Tanreqing injection on lipopolysacchaide (LPS) induced airway mucus hypersecretion in rats. Material and methods: Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into four groups (12 per group). A rat model of airway mucus hypersecretion was generated with LPS. Tanreqing injection was given by intratracheal instillation, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the right lung was collected. BALF total protein was determined by bicinchoninic acid disodium assay (BCA). Muc5ac was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. The expression of muc5ac mRNA was detected by real-time polyermase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The middle lobe of the right lung was stained with alcian blue-periodic acid sthiff (AB-PAS) and positive staining relative shading area examined. Results: LPS caused airway mucus hypersecretion, The LPS-induced airway mucus hypersecretion increased beginning at 24 hr, and peaked at 96 hr. Tanreqing injection could inhibit airway mucus hypersecretion, and suppress the expression of muc5ac mRNA. Conclusion: Tanreqing injection inhibits airway mucus hypersecretion in a certain dose-dependent trend

Recent advances in the study of anesthesia-and analgesia-related mechanisms of S-ketamine

Ketamine is a racemic mixture of equal amounts of R-ketamine and S-ketamine and is well known to anesthesiologists for its unique dissociative anesthetic properties. The pharmacological properties of ketamine, namely, its sympathetic excitation, mild respiratory depression, and potent analgesia, are still highly valued in its use as an anesthetic for some patients. In particular, since its advent, S-ketamine has been widely used as an anesthetic in many countries due to its increased affinity for NMDA receptors and its enhanced anesthetic and analgesic effects. However, the anesthetic and analgesic mechanisms of S-ketamine are not fully understood. In addition to antagonizing NMDA receptors, a variety of other receptors or channels may be involved, but there are no relevant mechanistic summaries in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the mechanisms of action of S-ketamine on relevant receptors and systems in the body that result in its pharmacological properties, such as anesthesia and analgesia, with the aim of providing a reference for its clinical applications and research

Transmission of plasmid-borne and chromosomal blaCTX-M-64 among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from food-producing animals via ISEcp1-mediated transposition

Objectives: To clarify the transmission mechanism of the blaCTX-M-64 gene between Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from food animals. Methods: A total of 329 E. coli and 60 Salmonella isolates collected from food animals in 2016 were screened for the presence of blaCTX-M-64 genes. The blaCTX-M-64-positive isolates were typed and plasmid and chromosome DNA was sequenced to determine the genetic context of blaCTX-M-64 and the plasmid types present. Results: The blaCTX-M-64 gene was identified in only three E. coli isolates but was the predominant gene in the Salmonella isolates (n = 9). These 12 CTX-M-64-positive isolates were all resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and florfenicol and 9 were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The blaCTX-M-64 gene was located on transferable IncI2 plasmids and an IncHI2 plasmid in three E. coli and one Salmonella isolate, respectively. The remaining eight Salmonella isolates contained blaCTX-M-64 integrated into the chromosome. Different genetic contexts of blaCTX-M-64 genes were found among the 12 isolates: ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-64-orf477-A/C on IncI2 plasmids of 3 E. coli isolates; DISEcp1-blaCTX-M-64-orf477-A/C in the chromosome of 1 Salmonella isolate; and ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-64-orf477 on the IncHI2 plasmid and chromosome of 8 Salmonella isolates. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of chromosomally encoded CTX-M-64 in Salmonella isolates. ISEcp1-mediated transposition is likely to be responsible for the spread of blaCTX-M-64 between different plasmids and chromosomes in Enterobacteriaceae especially E. coli and Salmonella