5,578 research outputs found
Separability Criteria and Entanglement Measures for Pure States of N Identical Fermions
The study of the entanglement properties of systems of N fermions has
attracted considerable interest during the last few years. Various separability
criteria for pure states of N identical fermions have been recently discussed
but, excepting the case of two-fermions systems, these criteria are difficult
to implement and of limited value from the practical point of view. Here we
advance simple necessary and sufficient separability criteria for pure states
of N identical fermions. We found that to be identified as separable a state
has to comply with one single identity involving either the purity or the von
Neumann entropy of the single-particle reduced density matrix. These criteria,
based on the verification of only one identity, are drastically simpler than
the criteria discussed in the recent literature. We also derive two
inequalities verified respectively by the purity and the entropy of the single
particle, reduced density matrix, that lead to natural entanglement measures
for N-fermion pure states. Our present considerations are related to some
classical results from the Hartree-Fock theory, which are here discussed from a
different point of view in order to clarify some important points concerning
the separability of fermionic pure states.Comment: 6 pages, 0 figure
Simple relationship between the virial-route hypernetted-chain and the compressibility-route Percus--Yevick values of the fourth virial coefficient
As is well known, approximate integral equations for liquids, such as the
hypernetted chain (HNC) and Percus--Yevick (PY) theories, are in general
thermodynamically inconsistent in the sense that the macroscopic properties
obtained from the spatial correlation functions depend on the route followed.
In particular, the values of the fourth virial coefficient predicted by
the HNC and PY approximations via the virial route differ from those obtained
via the compressibility route. Despite this, it is shown in this paper that the
value of obtained from the virial route in the HNC theory is exactly
three halves the value obtained from the compressibility route in the PY
theory, irrespective of the interaction potential (whether isotropic or not),
the number of components, and the dimensionality of the system. This simple
relationship is confirmed in one-component systems by analytical results for
the one-dimensional penetrable-square-well model and the three-dimensional
penetrable-sphere model, as well as by numerical results for the
one-dimensional Lennard--Jones model, the one-dimensional Gaussian core model,
and the three-dimensional square-well model.Comment: 8 pages; 4 figures; v2: slight change of title; proof extended to
multicomponent fluid
Complexity analysis of Klein-Gordon single-particle systems
The Fisher-Shannon complexity is used to quantitatively estimate the
contribution of relativistic effects to on the internal disorder of
Klein-Gordon single-particle Coulomb systems which is manifest in the rich
variety of three-dimensional geometries of its corresponding quantum-mechanical
probability density. It is observed that, contrary to the non-relativistic
case, the Fisher-Shannon complexity of these relativistic systems does depend
on the potential strength (nuclear charge). This is numerically illustrated for
pionic atoms. Moreover, its variation with the quantum numbers (n, l, m) is
analysed in various ground and excited states. It is found that the
relativistic effects enhance when n and/or l are decreasing.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Accepted in EPL (Europhysics Letters
Information theory of quantum systems with some hydrogenic applications
The information-theoretic representation of quantum systems, which
complements the familiar energy description of the density-functional and
wave-function-based theories, is here discussed. According to it, the internal
disorder of the quantum-mechanical non-relativistic systems can be quantified
by various single (Fisher information, Shannon entropy) and composite (e.g.
Cramer-Rao, LMC shape and Fisher-Shannon complexity) functionals of the
Schr\"odinger probability density. First, we examine these concepts and its
application to quantum systems with central potentials. Then, we calculate
these measures for hydrogenic systems, emphasizing their predictive power for
various physical phenomena. Finally, some recent open problems are pointed out.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Role of appetitive phenotype trajectory groups on child body weight during a family-based treatment for children with overweight or obesity.
ObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests that individual appetitive traits may usefully explain patterns of weight loss in behavioral weight loss treatments for children. The objective of this study was to identify trajectories of child appetitive traits and the impact on child weight changes over time.MethodsSecondary data analyses of a randomized noninferiority trial conducted between 2011 and 2015 evaluated children's appetitive traits and weight loss. Children with overweight and obesity (mean age = 10.4; mean BMI z = 2.0; 67% girls; 32% Hispanic) and their parent (mean age = 42.9; mean BMI = 31.9; 87% women; 31% Hispanic) participated in weight loss programs and completed assessments at baseline, 3, 6,12, and 24 months. Repeated assessments of child appetitive traits, including satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness and emotional eating, were used to identify parsimonious grouping of change trajectories. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify the impact of group trajectory on child BMIz change over time.ResultsOne hundred fifty children and their parent enrolled in the study. The three-group trajectory model was the most parsimonious and included a high satiety responsive group (HighSR; 47.4%), a high food responsive group (HighFR; 34.6%), and a high emotional eating group (HighEE; 18.0%). Children in all trajectories lost weight at approximately the same rate during treatment, however, only the HighSR group maintained their weight loss during follow-ups, while the HighFR and HighEE groups regained weight (adjusted p-value < 0.05).ConclusionsDistinct trajectories of child appetitive traits were associated with differential weight loss maintenance. Identified high-risk subgroups may suggest opportunities for targeted intervention and maintenance programs
Nonlinear model predictive control-based guidance law for path following of unmanned surface vehicles
This work proposes a nonlinear model predictive control-based guidance
strategy for unmanned surface vehicles, focused on path following. The
application of this strategy, in addition to overcome drawbacks of previous
line-of-sight-based guidance laws, intends to enable the application of
predictive strategies also to the low-level control, responsible for tracking
the references provided by the guidance strategy. The stability and robustness
of the proposed strategy are theoretically discussed. Furthermore, given the
non-negligible computational cost of such nonlinear predictive guidance
strategy, a practical nonlinear model predictive control strategy is also
applied in order to reduce the computational cost to a great extent. The
effectiveness and advantages of both proposed strategies over other nonlinear
guidance laws are illustrated through a complete set of simulations.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures. Postprint of the final published wor
Nonequilibrium potential and fluctuation theorems for quantum maps
© 2015 American Physical Society. We derive a general fluctuation theorem for quantum maps. The theorem applies to a broad class of quantum dynamics, such as unitary evolution, decoherence, thermalization, and other types of evolution for quantum open systems. The theorem reproduces well-known fluctuation theorems in a single and simplified framework and extends the Hatano-Sasa theorem to quantum nonequilibrium processes. Moreover, it helps to elucidate the physical nature of the environment that induces a given dynamics in an open quantum system.This work has been supported by grants ENFASIS (Grant No. FIS2011-22644) and TerMic (Grant No. FIS2014-52486-R) from the Spanish Government. G.M.P. acknowledges Grant No. BES-2012-054025. This work also benefited from the COST Action MP1209.Peer Reviewe
Relativistic Klein-Gordon charge effects by information-theoretic measures
The charge spreading of ground and excited states of Klein-Gordon particles
moving in a Coulomb potential is quantitatively analyzed by means of the
ordinary moments and the Heisenberg measure as well as by use of the most
relevant information-theoretic measures of global (Shannon entropic power) and
local (Fisher's information) types. The dependence of these complementary
quantities on the nuclear charge Z and the quantum numbers characterizing the
physical states is carefully discussed. The comparison of the relativistic
Klein-Gordon and non-relativistic Schrodinger values is made. The
non-relativistic limits at large principal quantum number n and for small
values of Z are also reached.Comment: Accepted in New Journal of Physic
Cyclosporin A and doxorubicin-ifosfamide in resistant solid tumours: a phase I and an immunological study.
In order to test whether circumvention of clinical resistance can be obtained in common solid tumours by targeting different drug resistance mechanisms, a phase I clinical and immunological study was designed. The purpose of the study was to determine the dose of cyclosporin A (CsA), in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and ifosfamide (IFX), needed to achieve steady-state whole-blood levels of 2000 ng ml-1 and the associated toxicity of this combination. Treatment consisted of CsA 5 mg kg-1 as a 2 h loading infusion, followed by a CsA 3 day continuous infusion (c.i.) (days 1-3) at doses that were escalated from 10 to 18 mg kg-1 day-1. Chemotherapy consisted of DOX 55 mg m-2 by i.v. 24 h c.i. (day 2) and IFX 2 g m-2 i.v. over 1 h on days 1 and 3. Treatments were repeated every 4 weeks. Eighteen patients with previously treated resistant solid tumours received 39 cycles. Mean steady-state CsA levels > or = 2000 ng ml-1 were reached at 5 mg kg-1 loading dose followed by a 3 day c.i. of 16 mg kg-1 day-1 or greater. Haematological toxicity was greater than expected for the same chemotherapy alone. One patient died of intracranial haemorrhage due to severe thrombopenia. Other observed toxicities were: asymptomatic hyperbilirubinaemia (46% cycles), mild nephrotoxicity (20% cycles), hypomagnesaemia (72% cycles), mild increase in body weight (100% cycles), hypertension (15% cycles) and headache (15% cycles). Overall the toxicity was acceptable and manageable. No alterations in absolute lymphocyte number, the lymphocyte subsets studied (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19) or CD4/CD8 ratio were observed in patients receiving more than one treatment cycle, although there were significant and non-uniform variations in the values of the different lymphocyte subsets studied when pre- and post-treatment values were compared. There was also a significant increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio. Tumour regressions were observed in two patients (epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix and Ewing's sarcoma). The CsA dose recommended for phase II trials is a 5 mg kg-1 loading dose followed by a 3-day c.i. of 16 mg kg-1 day-1 simultaneously with DOX and IFX at the doses administered in this study
Actividad molusquicida de extractos acuosos vegetales sobre el caracol manzana pomacea canaliculata
En el Ecuador, entre el 40 y 48% de la producción de arroz se pierde a causa del ataque de Pomacea canaliculata, una de las cien especies invasivas más dañinas del mundo que actualmente ha infestado alrededor de 170.000 hectáreas del cultivo en todo el territorio nacional
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