Hydrogen vs. Battery in the long-term operation. A comparative between energy management strategies for hybrid renewable microgrids

The growth of the world’s energy demand over recent decades in relation to energy intensity and demography is clear. At the same time, the use of renewable energy sources is pursued to address decarbonization targets, but the stochasticity of renewable energy systems produces an increasing need for management systems to supply such energy volume while guaranteeing, at the same time, the security and reliability of the microgrids. Locally distributed energy storage systems (ESS) may provide the capacity to temporarily decouple production and demand. In this sense, the most implemented ESS in local energy districts are small–medium-scale electrochemical batteries. However, hydrogen systems are viable for storing larger energy quantities thanks to its intrinsic high mass-energy density. To match generation, demand and storage, energy management systems (EMSs) become crucial. This paper compares two strategies for an energy management system based on hydrogen-priority vs. battery-priority for the operation of a hybrid renewable microgrid. The overall performance of the two mentioned strategies is compared in the long-term operation via a set of evaluation parameters defined by the unmet load, storage efficiency, operating hours and cumulative energy. The results show that the hydrogen-priority strategy allows the microgrid to be led towards island operation because it saves a higher amount of energy, while the battery-priority strategy reduces the energy efficiency in the storage round trip. The main contribution of this work lies in the demonstration that conventional EMS for microgrids’ operation based on battery-priority strategy should turn into hydrogen-priority to keep the reliability and independence of the microgrid in the long-term operation

Substituição da espiga de milho desintegrada com palha e sabugo pela mandioca integral seca na alimentação de equinos.

O objetivo de estudar a viabilidade da substituição parcial/total da espiga de milho desintegrada ecom palha e sabugo (MDPS) pela mandioca integral (raiz + parte aérea) seca (MIS) ao sol, na alimentação de poltras da raça Arabe, por meio de consumo, ganho de peso e coeficiente de digestibilidade(CD) da MS, PB, FB, e EB

Nonequilibrium potential and fluctuation theorems for quantum maps

© 2015 American Physical Society. We derive a general fluctuation theorem for quantum maps. The theorem applies to a broad class of quantum dynamics, such as unitary evolution, decoherence, thermalization, and other types of evolution for quantum open systems. The theorem reproduces well-known fluctuation theorems in a single and simplified framework and extends the Hatano-Sasa theorem to quantum nonequilibrium processes. Moreover, it helps to elucidate the physical nature of the environment that induces a given dynamics in an open quantum system.This work has been supported by grants ENFASIS (Grant No. FIS2011-22644) and TerMic (Grant No. FIS2014-52486-R) from the Spanish Government. G.M.P. acknowledges Grant No. BES-2012-054025. This work also benefited from the COST Action MP1209.Peer Reviewe

Anionic surfactant biodegradation in seawater

The authors conducted a study of the influence of several environmental factors (temperature, salinity, luminosity, aeration and the presence of sediments) on the biodegradation of a commercial anionic surfactant (LAS) in waters and sediments of Cadiz Bay (southwest Iberian Peninsula). The assay was carried out using an adaptation of the river die-away test. At temperatures of 20-25 °C, degradation exceeded 90 % within less than 10 days of assays, whereas at temperatures under 10 °C, degradation scarcely took place. Luminosity increases the degradation speed, compared with assays performed under darkness. Finally, the results show that the rate of surfactant degradation was remarkably accelerated in the presence of sediments, except in those tests where anoxic conditions were established.Se presenta un estudio de la influencia de diversas variables ambientales, tales como temperatura, salinidad, luminosidad, aireación, etc., en el proceso de biodegradación de un tensioactivo aniónico comercial (LAS) en aguas y sedimentos de la bahía de Cádiz (suroeste de la península Ibérica). El ensayo se ha llevado a cabo empleando una modificación del método test de agua de río. A temperaturas de 20 y 25 °C, el nivel de degradación superaba el 90 % en menos de 10 días de ensayo, mientras a temperaturas inferiores a los 10 °C, apenas tenía lugar degradación alguna. La iluminación provoca un aumento de la velocidad de degradación respecto a los ensayos llevados a cabo en oscuridad. Los resultados han mostrado que la velocidad de degradación del tensioactivo se ve claramente aumentada por la presencia de sedimentos, excepto en aquellos casos en los que se dieron condiciones anóxicas.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Björling type problems for elastic surfaces

In this survey we address the Bj"orling problem for various classes of surfaces associated to the Euler--Lagrange equation of the Helfrich elastic energy subject to volume and area constraints

Influência da suplementação sobre o peso à puberdade e as idades à puberdade e aos trezentos quilos de fêmeas da raça Canchim.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da suplementação com farelo de soja e/ou cana de açucar, no peso a puberdade (PP) e nas idades a puberdade (IP) e aos 300 kg de peso vivo (IT) de fêmeas da raça Canchim

Influência da suplementação alimentar sobre o desenvolvimento pos-desmama de bezerros da raça Canchim.

O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com cana-de-açucar, farelo de soja e cana-de-açucar + farelo de soja no desenvolvimento pos-desmama de bezerras da raça Canchim, criadas em regime de pastagens

An empirical study of Cloud Gaming

This work is at: 11th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames), took place November 22-23, 2012 in Venice (Italy)Online gaming connects players from all over the world together for fun and entertainment, and has been regarded as one of the most profitable and popular Internet services. Besides, there is a growing trend towards moving local applications to remote data centers: this is often referred to as the cloud. With the purpose of studying the impact of Cloud Gaming on the access network load, in this paper we carry out an empirical network traffic analysis of two well-known cloud gaming platforms: On-Live and Gaikai. Traffic traces have been collected and analysed from five different games of both platforms. Cloud gaming has been observed to be remarkably different from traditional online gaming in terms of network load and traffic characteristics. Moreover, the traces have revealed similarities between the two platforms regarding the packet size distribution, and differences concerning the packet inter-arrival times. However, each platform shows a similar traffic pattern for most of the games it serves. Nonetheless, the racing and shooter games considered in this work demand more bandwidth than other game-genres.This work is partly supported by the projects TRION (TEC 2009-10724), FIERRO (TEC 2010- 12250-E) and Medianet (S-2009/TIC-1468); and by the Generalitat de Catalunya through the research support program project SGR-1202 and AGAUR FI-DGR 2012 grant.Publicad

Cmah-dystrophin deficient mdx mice display an accelerated cardiac phenotype that is improved following peptide-PMO exon skipping treatment

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by loss of dystrophin protein, leading to progressive muscle weakness and premature death due to respiratory and/or cardiac complications. Cardiac involvement is characterized by progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, decreased fractional shortening and metabolic dysfunction involving reduced metabolism of fatty acids—the major cardiac metabolic substrate. Several mouse models have been developed to study molecular and pathological consequences of dystrophin deficiency, but do not recapitulate all aspects of human disease pathology and exhibit a mild cardiac phenotype. Here we demonstrate that Cmah (cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid hydroxylase)-deficient mdx mice (Cmah−/−;mdx) have an accelerated cardiac phenotype compared to the established mdx model. Cmah−/−;mdx mice display earlier functional deterioration, specifically a reduction in right ventricle (RV) ejection fraction and stroke volume (SV) at 12 weeks of age and decreased left ventricle diastolic volume with subsequent reduced SV compared to mdx mice by 24 weeks. They further show earlier elevation of cardiac damage markers for fibrosis (Ctgf), oxidative damage (Nox4) and haemodynamic load (Nppa). Cardiac metabolic substrate requirement was assessed using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicating increased in vivo glycolytic flux in Cmah−/−;mdx mice. Early upregulation of mitochondrial genes (Ucp3 and Cpt1) and downregulation of key glycolytic genes (Pdk1, Pdk4, Ppara), also denote disturbed cardiac metabolism and shift towards glucose utilization in Cmah−/−;mdx mice. Moreover, we show long-term treatment with peptide-conjugated exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides (20-week regimen), resulted in 20% cardiac dystrophin protein restoration and significantly improved RV cardiac function. Therefore, Cmah−/−;mdx mice represent an appropriate model for evaluating cardiac benefit of novel DMD therapeutics