Efficacy of a Fixed Combination of Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, and Colistimethate Sodium for Treatment of Candida albicans Keratitis

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Essential Oils of Dennettia Tripetala Bak. f. Stem Bark and Leaf – Constituents and Biological Activities:

The essential oil from the stem bark and leaves of Dennettia tripetala Bak. f. (Annonaceae) growing wild in Ondo State, Nigeria, has been characterized by combined gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) analyses. Overall, thirty-six components have been fully identified, thirty-two in the stem-bark oil, and only seven in the leaf oil. In both oils, 2-phenylnitroethane was the main component, ranging between 70 – 76% of the total oils. The profile of the stem bark oil was characterized by a large number of sesquiterpenes, whereas among the few components in the leaf oil, linalool reaches over 17%. When both oils were assayed for antimicrobial activity, only Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to the stem-bark oil which was more active than leaf oil. For protective effects against UV radiation–induced peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, stem-bark oil also showed greater effectiveness. Activity of the leaf oil against Trichomonas gallinae, was also remarkable

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Synbiotic effect of quercetin and probiotic Lactobacillus SP. protects intestinal barrier from E. coli-induced challenge in Caco-2 cells

Many studies reported the positive synergy between polyphenols and probiotics. Probiotics are known for their positive and beneficial effects on human intestinal health, and their interactions with polyphenolic compounds and metabolites may increase health benefits improving intestinal barrier function and modulating the gut microbiota. Here a symbiotic strategy of quercetin (QUE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 antimicrobial and antiadhesion properties against E. coli was evaluated on intestinal Caco-2 differentiated cells. Our study demonstrates that QUE improves LA5 auto-aggregation and LA5 and E. coli coaggregation. Additionally, LA5 decreased the adhesion of E. coli to Caco-2 cells mainly via exclusion antagonism than competition assay. Interestingly, QUE did not affect LA5 effects on E. coli adhesion, but synergically improved the barrier function of Caco-2 cells improving TEER values, claudin-1 expression and reducing proinflammatory COX-2 expression. Data confirmed the LA5 and QUE synergism supporting their combined use in the prevention or treatment of pathogen diseases

Studio dell’attività in vitro e in vivo dell’associazione clotrimazolometronidazolo: attività antimicotica e antibatterica in vitro ed efficacia nella terapia delle vaginiti/vaginosi

Nel presente studio la valutazione dell’efficacia microbiologica e clinica di una associazione metronidazolo + clotrimazolo (in rapporto quantitativo di 5:1) nella terapia topica di vaginiti miste (candidosi/vaginosi) è stata comparata con il grado di interferenza che tale chemioterapico può determinare sul mantenimento/ripristino del microbiota lattobacillare. Sono state studiate 20 donne con diagnosi clinica, microbiologicamente confermata, di vulvovaginite micotica e/o vaginosi. L’attività antimicrobica di clotrimazolo e metronidazolo è stata studiata su ceppi d’isolamento e di collezione. Entrambi i chemioterapici sono stati valutati singolarmente ed in associazione. Il clotrimazolo si è mostrato attivo nei confronti dei miceti saggiati sia da soli che in associazione con il metronidazolo. Come atteso, l’associazione delle due sostanze non migliora l’attività intrinseca del clotrimazolo. Sia clotrimazolo che metronidazolo sono risultati inattivi nei confronti di batteri Gram-positivi e Gram-negativi aerobi; al contrario entrambi erano attivi nei confronti di G. vaginalis. In tutte le pazienti studiate è stata riscontrata l’assenza di crescita dei patogeni isolati, sia alla prima visita dopo terapia, sia al followup. Il grado lattobacillare è ritornato normale a 30 giorni dalla fine della terapia. Non sono stati riportati casi di recidiva

Non-stationary responses of tree-ring chronologies and glacier mass balance to climate in the European Alps

Tree-ring width and glacier mass balance are two highly sensitive climatic proxies which are often used as indicators of biological and geophysical changes in high- altitude ecosystems. Tree-ring data have been widely used to reconstruct past temperatures and also to reconstruct past glacier mass balance. Here we show that tree-ring chronologies from a high-altitude Pinus cembra L. dendroclimatic network and glaciers from the same region in the European Alps have non-stationary responses to air temperature, and have also been responding non-proportionally to temperature extremes in recent decades. Both ring-width chronologies and the mass-balance series of some glaciers from the same region have shown an increasing sensitivity to summer (JJA) temperatures. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity to climate of tree-ring chronologies and glacier mass balance may change over time and has been increasing in recent decades, posing some limitations to tree-ring-based glacier mass-balance reconstruction. Moreover, we found these reconstructions in the European Alps are more reliable for large rather than for small glaciers, and may not be able to reveal years of extreme ablation that could have occurred in the past

Am J Med Genet A

TRPM3 encodes a transient receptor potential cation channel of the melastatin family, expressed in the central nervous system and in peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. The recurrent substitution in TRPM3: c.2509G>A, p.(Val837Met) has been associated with syndromic intellectual disability and seizures. In this report, we present the clinical and molecular features of seven previously unreported individuals, identified by exome sequencing, with the recurrent p.(Val837Met) variant and global developmental delay. Other shared clinical features included congenital hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features (broad forehead, deep-set eyes, and down turned mouth), exotropia, and musculoskeletal issues (hip dysplasia, hip dislocation, scoliosis). Seizures were observed in two of seven individuals (febrile seizure in one and generalized tonic-clonic seizures with atonic drops in another), and epileptiform activity was observed in an additional two individuals. This report extends the number of affected individuals to 16 who are heterozygous for the de novo recurrent substitution p.(Val837Met). In contrast with the initial report, epilepsy was not a mandatory feature observed in this series. TRPM3 pathogenic variation should be considered in individuals with global developmental delays, moderate-severe intellectual disability with, or without, childhood-onset epilepsy

Basal Ganglia Dysmorphism in Patients With Aicardi Syndrome

none63noOBJECTIVE: Aiming to detect associations between neuroradiologic and EEG evaluations and long-term clinical outcome in order to detect possible prognostic factors, a detailed clinical and neuroimaging characterization of 67 cases of Aicardi syndrome (AIC), collected through a multicenter collaboration, was performed. METHODS: Only patients who satisfied Sutton diagnostic criteria were included. Clinical outcome was assessed using gross motor function, manual ability, and eating and drinking ability classification systems. Brain imaging studies and statistical analysis were reviewed. RESULTS: Patients presented early-onset epilepsy, which evolved into drug-resistant seizures. AIC has a variable clinical course, leading to permanent disability in most cases; nevertheless, some cases presented residual motor abilities. Chorioretinal lacunae were present in 86.56% of our patients. Statistical analysis revealed correlations between MRI, EEG at onset, and clinical outcome. On brain imaging, 100% of the patients displayed corpus callosum malformations, 98% cortical dysplasia and nodular heterotopias, and 96.36% intracranial cysts (with similar rates of 2b and 2d). As well as demonstrating that posterior fossa abnormalities (found in 63.63% of cases) should also be considered a common feature in AIC, our study highlighted the presence (in 76.36%) of basal ganglia dysmorphisms (never previously reported). CONCLUSION: The AIC neuroradiologic phenotype consists of a complex brain malformation whose presence should be considered central to the diagnosis. Basal ganglia dysmorphisms are frequently associated. Our work underlines the importance of MRI and EEG, both for correct diagnosis and as a factor for predicting long-term outcome. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with AIC, specific MRI abnormalities and EEG at onset are associated with clinical outcomes.mixedMasnada S.; Pichiecchio A.; Formica M.; Arrigoni F.; Borrelli P.; Accorsi P.; Bonanni P.; Borgatti R.; Bernardina B.D.; Danieli A.; Darra F.; Deconinck N.; De Giorgis V.; Dulac O.; Gataullina S.; Giordano L.; Guerrini R.; La Briola F.; Mastrangelo M.; Montomoli M.; Mortilla M.; Osanni E.; Parisi P.; Perucca E.; Pinelli L.; Romaniello R.; Severino M.; Vigevano F.; Vignoli A.; Bahi-Buisson N.; Cavallin M.; Accogli A.; Burgeois M.; Capra V.; Chaves-Vischer V.; Chiapparini L.; Colafati G.; D'Arrigo S.; Desguerre I.; Doco-Fenzy M.; d'Orsi G.; Epitashvili N.; Fazzi E.; Ferretti A.; Fiorini E.; Fradin M.; Fusco C.; Granata T.; Johannesen K.M.; Lebon S.; Loget P.; Moller R.S.; Montanaro D.; Orcesi S.; Quelin C.; Rebessi E.; Romeo A.; Solazzi R.; Spagnoli C.; Uebler C.; Zara F.; Arzimanoglou A.; Veggiotti P.Masnada, S.; Pichiecchio, A.; Formica, M.; Arrigoni, F.; Borrelli, P.; Accorsi, P.; Bonanni, P.; Borgatti, R.; Bernardina, B. D.; Danieli, A.; Darra, F.; Deconinck, N.; De Giorgis, V.; Dulac, O.; Gataullina, S.; Giordano, L.; Guerrini, R.; La Briola, F.; Mastrangelo, M.; Montomoli, M.; Mortilla, M.; Osanni, E.; Parisi, P.; Perucca, E.; Pinelli, L.; Romaniello, R.; Severino, M.; Vigevano, F.; Vignoli, A.; Bahi-Buisson, N.; Cavallin, M.; Accogli, A.; Burgeois, M.; Capra, V.; Chaves-Vischer, V.; Chiapparini, L.; Colafati, G.; D'Arrigo, S.; Desguerre, I.; Doco-Fenzy, M.; D'Orsi, G.; Epitashvili, N.; Fazzi, E.; Ferretti, A.; Fiorini, E.; Fradin, M.; Fusco, C.; Granata, T.; Johannesen, K. M.; Lebon, S.; Loget, P.; Moller, R. S.; Montanaro, D.; Orcesi, S.; Quelin, C.; Rebessi, E.; Romeo, A.; Solazzi, R.; Spagnoli, C.; Uebler, C.; Zara, F.; Arzimanoglou, A.; Veggiotti, P

Basal ganglia dysmorphism in patients with Aicardi syndrome

Aiming to detect associations between neuroradiologic and EEG evaluations and long-term clinical outcome in order to detect possible prognostic factors, a detailed clinical and neuroimaging characterization of 67 cases of Aicardi syndrome (AIC), collected through a multicenter collaboration, was performed