36 research outputs found

    PhyloKey: a novel method to rapidly and reliably identify species in complex, species-rich genera, and an opportunity for ‘non-molecular museomics’

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    We present a novel identification tool called PhyloKey, based on the method of morphology-based, phylogenetic binning developed within the software package RAxML. This method takes a reference data set of species for which both molecular and morphological data are available, computes a molecular reference tree, maps the morphological characters on the tree, and computes weights based on their level of consistency versus homoplasy using maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP). Additional units for which only morphological data are known are then binned onto the reference tree, calculating bootstrap support values for alternative placements. This approach is modified here to work as an identification tool which uses the same character coding approach as interactive keys. However, rather than identifying individual samples through a progressive filtering process when entering or selecting characters, query samples are binned in batch mode to all possible alternative species in the tree, with each placement receiving a bootstrap support adding to 100% for all alternative placements. In addition to the fact that, after scoring a character matrix, a large number of specimens can be identified at once in short time, all possible alternative identifications are immediately apparent and can be evaluated based on their bootstrap support values. We illustrate this approach using the basidiolichen genus Cora, which was recently shown to contain hundreds of species. We also demonstrate how the PhyloKey approach can aid the restudying of herbarium samples, adding further value to these collections and contributing with large quantitative data matrices to ‘non-molecular museomics’. Our analysis showed that PhyloKey identifies species correctly with as low as 50% of the characters sampled, depending on the nature of the reference tree and the character weighting scheme. Overall, a molecular reference tree worked best, but a randomized reference tree gave more consistent results, whereas a morphological reference tree performed less well. Surprisingly, even character weighting gave the best results, followed by parsimony weighting and then maximum likelihood weighting

    Valoración nutricional de niños de 0 a 5 años del municipio de Palestina Caldas

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    Una buena alimentación y un estado nutricional adecuado son paramentos fundamentales para el desarrollo, tanto físico como mental en los niños y niñas. En este sentido, una alimentación balanceada durante las etapas de la primera infancia es fundamental para sentar las bases alimentarias del resto de la vida de los niños y niñas. No obstante, una alimentación sana durante la niñez es muy importante para que el niño pueda tener un desarrollo óptimo de sus capacidades cognitivas y por ende mejorar la concentración durante sus etapas tempranas de desarrollo de los aprendizajes.Declaración: EL AUTOR-ESTUDIANTE, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto, la obra es de su exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARÁGRAFO: en caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL ESTUDIANTE-AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina actúa como un tercero de buena fe

    La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Armenia, Dosquebradas, Cartago y Manizales

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    El presente trabajo invita a descubrir a través del enfoque narrativo, una serie de eventos psicosociales traumáticos y dolorosos por causa de la violencia desatada por el conflicto armado en Colombia entre grupos ilegales, abordando las historias de vida de personas víctimas de los hechos violentos causados por el conflicto, dejando con su narrativa evidencia de la lucha y la resiliencia de estas familias y comunidades que perdieron todo, su dignidad fue arrebatada, sus seres queridos asesinados, violados, torturados, fueron desplazados de sus hogares y tuvieron la capacidad, la fortaleza de sobrevivir a la adversidad y alzar la voz por una verdad y justicia reparadora. Así mismo, se hace un análisis al caso de Luz, una mujer y su hija víctimas del conflicto armado, que tuvieron que presenciar el asesinato de su esposo, el despojo de sus tierras, las amenazas y la persecución política, tomando la decisión de exiliar a otro país para salvaguardar su vida y la de su hija. En este sentido, y con el caso seleccionado, se continúa con un ejercicio de análisis por medio de la construcción de preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas, esto con el fin de garantizar una atención psicosocial adecuada. Seguidamente se realiza el análisis del caso de la masacre del Salado, donde se hace una reflexión y se plantean estrategias psicosociales que facilitaran la potenciación de los recursos de afrontamiento de las víctimas del conflicto armado.The present work invites us to discover through the narrative approach, a series of traumatic and painful psychosocial events due to the violence unleashed by the armed conflict in Colombia between illegal groups, addressing the life stories of victims of the violent events caused by the conflict, leaving with their narrative evidence of the struggle and resilience of these families and communities that lost everything. Their dignity was taken away, their loved ones murdered, raped, tortured, they were displaced from their homes, and they had the ability, the strength to survive adversity and raise their voices for restorative truth and justice. An analysis is also made of the case of Luz, a woman, and her daughter victims of the armed conflict, who had to witness the murder of her husband, the dispossession of their lands, threats and political persecution, making the decision to exile to another country to safeguard her life and that of her daughter. In this sense, with the selected case, an analysis exercise is continued through the construction of circular, reflective, and strategic questions, to guarantee adequate psychosocial care. Next, the case of the Salado massacre is analyzed, where a reflection is made, and psychosocial strategies are proposed that will facilitate the enhancement of the coping resources of the victims of the armed conflict

    Slégami Open Access - Manuale d'uso per ricercatori

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    Il seguente documento nasce nell’ambito delle attività svolte dal Gruppo di Lavoro (GdL) APRE dedicato al tema dell’Open Science e si sviluppa come un manuale d’uso per i ricercatori, con specifico riguardo all’Open Access e all’Open Data. La sua redazione ha coinvolto attivamente tutti i membri del GdL, i cui membri sono rappresentanti delle biblioteche e degli uffici di supporto alla ricerca di diverse università e centri di ricerca italiani (è possibile consultare la lista dei partecipanti nell’ultima pagina di questo documento). Il lavoro è un aggiornamento del manuale originariamente pubblicato nel 2019 e la cui prima edizione era il risultato di un lavoro svolto in 3 fasi: 1) un’iniziale raccolta delle domande più comuni poste dai ricercatori presso le strutture di supporto (siano esse biblioteche o uffici di supporto alla ricerca) degli enti partecipanti in materia di Open Access e Open Data; 2) una fase di consolidamento e classificazione delle domande raccolte in 6 categorie; 3) un’ultima fase di redazione, da parte di alcuni membri del GdL, delle risposte alle domande poste e successivamente emendate a più riprese dall’intero gruppo. Nel 2021 il GdL si è riunito nuovamente per lavorare ad un aggiornamento del manuale in ottica Horizon Europe. Seguendo lo stesso schema di lavoro in 3 fasi (raccolta, classificazione ed elaborazione), il gruppo ha identificato 76 domande aggiuntive rispetto al documento originale, le quali a loro volta sono state successivamente raggruppate e classificate in 10 categorie

    Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

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    : The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

    Verificación de la adherencia del paso 4 de la estrategia IAMI en el servicio de gineco obstetricia del Hospital Universitario La Samaritana Unidad Funcional ZIpaquirá durante los meses de febrero - abril de 2017

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    51 Páginas.El Hospital Universitario La Samaritana Unidad funcional Zipaquirá, es una institución de salud con certificación IAMI, la cual sostiene con la Universidad de la Sabana un convenio docente asistencial que a su vez ha permitido realizar práctica formativa a los estudiantes de enfermería en diferentes áreas del saber. Dado lo anterior y teniendo en cuenta que la práctica de profundización del cuidado de enfermería I que se realiza en noveno semestre, tiene como fin elaborar un proyecto de gestión que coadyuve a las estrategias de cuidado institucionales, por tal razón se realiza la verificación de la adherencia del cuarto paso de la estrategia IAMI mediante el diseño, implementación y evaluación de un documento de verificación el cual fue aplicado en los meses de febrero a abril de 2017. Dicho instrumento permite evaluar la adherencia del cuarto paso de la estrategia IAMI en función de “la atención del trabajo de parto y parto con calidad y calidez acompañada en lo posible de una persona significativa para la madre, dentro de un ambiente de respeto, libre de intervenciones innecesarias, favoreciendo el contacto piel a piel al nacer y el inicio temprano de la lactancia materna en la primera hora de vida” Teniendo en cuenta el giro cama del servicio de salas de partos, se adoptan diferentes estrategias con el fin de captar el mayor número de eventos obstétricos que nutran el estudio en curso, por esta razón se realizan observaciones de campo, auditoría concurrente de historias clínicas y entrevistas con las pacientes

    Asociación de grado de apiñamiento anteroinferior, forma dentaria y biotipo facial

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    Tesis (Magíster en Odontología, Especialización en Ortopedia y Ortodoncia Dentomaxilofacial)Este estudio se realizó con una muestra de 147 modelos de estudio de arcadas inferiores y 147 telerradiografías de perfil. Se estableció como criterios de inclusión a aquellos pacientes sin tratamiento previo de ortodoncia y con dentición permanente completa. A su vez, como criterios de exclusión se descartaron todas las anomalías de forma, número o tamaño dentario, presencia de atriciones excesivas en grupo incisivo inferior, caries o restauraciones proximales, hiperplasias gingivales y la presencia de 3° molares en boca. Se midió el apiñamiento usando el Índice de Little. Se determino · el biotipo calculando el VERT de Ricketts, y se definió la forma dentaria mediante una proporción establecida por la fórmula: ancho mesiodistal incisa!/ ancho mesiodistal cervical x 100 El análisis de los resultados arroja que existe una correlación pero muy baja entre un mayor apiñamiento y biotipo dolicofacial. También se obtuvo una baja correlación entre este biotipo y forma dentaria más ovoide a cuadrada punto que discrepa de lo esperado. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, no es posible establecer una asociación directa entre las tres variables estudiadas. Todas pueden estar manifiestas en un paciente sin embargo, no es posible descartar que uno sea más relevante que otro en la presencia de apiñamiento

    New records of pyrenocarpous lichens from the Philippines

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    Pyrenocarpous lichens are an important component of the forest ecosystem, yet remain understudied. Following the recent field surveys of the lichen biota in Mt. Musuan, four pyrenolichen species previously unreported from the Philippines were collected, namely: Porina exocha, Pyrenula pyrenuloides, P. subsoluta, and Nigrovothelium inspersotropicum. Each species is briefly described with morphology and chemistry, distribution, ecology, notes, and illustrations. These collections underscore the need for expanded research attention to fully catalogue the lichen diversity in the Philippines

    Examining the Effect of Gain/Loss Framing and Video/Text Mediums on Comprehension

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    Since 2010, UBC has been committed to reaching key milestones in sustainability. One branch of this initiative is informing campus managers about sustainable food-ware, including containers, cups and cutlery, and encouraging them to procure food-ware that are sustainable or recyclable. Previously, UBC shared a document of sustainable food-ware to inform campus managers to purchase sustainable options, however little compliance has been observed, thus a new video format will be used to observe comprehension differences between the two mediums. Preliminary research suggests a video format may enhance comprehension therefore the study will test the two different mediums attached to a loss or gain framed message in order to observe the impact on comprehension. Background research suggests that a loss-frame paired with a video would increase comprehension. The survey created outlined 4 conditions and a loss-framed video is hypothesized to demonstrate the greatest effect size. No statistical difference was observed between the 4 conditions, which may be due to the small sample size and incorrect population. The hypothesis was not proven, however, all video conditions tended to perform better than text. In particular, the loss-framed video obtained the best comprehension score out of all 4, which prompts opportunities for further research. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”Arts, Faculty ofPsychology, Department ofUnreviewedUndergraduat
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