139 research outputs found
An Economic, Energy, and Environmental Analysis of PV/Micro-CHP Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of a Tertiary Building
Our present standard of living depends strongly on energy sources, with buildings being
a primary focus when it comes to reducing energy consumption due to their large contribution,
especially in tertiary buildings. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the performance
of two different designs of hybrid systems, composed of natural gas engines and photovoltaic
panels. This will be done through simulations in TRNSYS, considering a representative office
building with various schedules of operation (8, 12, and 24 h), as well as different climates in
Spain. The main contributions of this paper are the evaluations of primary energy-consumption,
emissions, and economic analyses for each scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out
to observe the influence of energy prices, as well as that of the costs of the micro-CHP engines and
PV modules. The results show that the scenario with the conventional system and PV modules is
the most profitable one currently. However, if electricity prices are increased in the future or natural
gas prices are reduced, the scenario with micro-CHP engines and PV modules will become the most
profitable option. Energy service engineers, regulators, and manufacturers are the most interested in
these results
Urban integration of high speed train Institutions of support in Spain and the keys to its success
The high speed train as means of transport in Spain is extending its network to many cities. Occasionally, this situation raises the opportunity to undertake large urban integration operations, associated with urban renewal and the construction of new residential areas. In these cases it has attended an institutional architecture based on extrapolated public companies for management. This study addresses these operations identifying and classifying them with variables that have proved to be decisive to make viable operations. As conclusion this model and the keys to their success is analysed
Borax induces osteogenesis by stimulating NaBC1 transporter via activation of BMP pathway
[EN] The intrinsic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them ideal candidates for tissue engineering applications. Efforts have been made to control MSC behavior by using material systems to engineer synthetic extracellular matrices and/or include soluble factors in the media. This work proposes a simple approach based on ion transporter stimulation to determine stem cell fate that avoids the use of growth factors. Addition of borax alone, transported by the NaBC1-transporter, enhanced MSC adhesion and contractility, promoted osteogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. Stimulated-NaBC1 promoted osteogenesis via the BMP canonical pathway (comprising Smad1/YAP nucleus translocation and osteopontin expression) through a mechanism that involves simultaneous NaBC1/BMPR1A and NaBC1/alpha (5)beta (1)/alpha (v)beta (3) co-localization. We describe an original function for NaBC1 transporter, besides controlling borate homeostasis, capable of stimulating growth factor receptors and fibronectin-binding integrins. Our results open up new biomaterial engineering approaches for biomedical applications by a cost-effective strategy that avoids the use of soluble growth factors. Rico et al. propose a simple approach based on borax stimulation of NaBC1 transporter, which enhances FN-binding integrin-dependent mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and contractility, promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis. Osteogenic differentiation depends on activation of the BMP pathway through a mechanism that involves simultaneous co-localization of NaBC1 with FN-binding integrins and BMPR1A.P.R. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-096794), and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. M.S.S. acknowledges support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC-EP/P001114/1).Rico Tortosa, PM.; Rodrigo Navarro, A.; Sánchez-Pérez, L.; Salmerón Sánchez, M. (2020). Borax induces osteogenesis by stimulating NaBC1 transporter via activation of BMP pathway. Communications Biology. 3(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01449-4S11531Akhurst, R. J. & Hata, A. Targeting the TGFbeta signalling pathway in disease. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 11, 790–811 (2012).Brizzi, M. F., Tarone, G. & Defilippi, P. Extracellular matrix, integrins, and growth factors as tailors of the stem cell niche. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 24, 645–651 (2012).Watt, F. M. & Huck, W. T. S. Role of extracellular matrix regulating stem cell fate. 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Criticism of illusionism and defense of plurifocality. Plato's influence
[EN] In general, there are two ways to account for reality: tragically or epically. Plato criticized the first one and applauded the second one. To these forms correspond two modes of representation in perspective: conical or illusionist, and axonometric or reflective. We propose to remark that, unlike some illusionist authors of the Renaissance and Baroque, certain artists of twentieth-century Modernity opted for the epic representation of reality, whose plurifocal objectivity guarantees axonometry.[ES] En general, hay dos formas de dar cuenta de la realidad: trágica o épicamente. Platón criticó la primera y aplaudió la segunda. A esas formas corresponden dos modos de representación en perspectiva: cónica o ilusionista, y axonométrica o reflexiva. Nos proponemos reseñar que, a diferencia de algunos autores ilusionistas del Renacimiento y Barroco, ciertos artistas de la Modernidad del siglo XX optaron por la representación épica de la realidad, cuya objetividad plurifocal garantiza la axonometría.García Sánchez, R.; Salmerón Núñez, JM.; García Martínez, P. (2023). Crítica al ilusionismo y defensa de la plurifocalidad. La influencia de Platón. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 28(49):36-47. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2023.180763647284
Analysis of the economic feasibility and reduction of a building’s energy consumption and emissions when integrating hybrid solar thermal/PV/micro-CHP systems
The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of several designs of hybrid systems composed of solar thermal collectors, photovoltaic panels and natural gas internal combustion engines. The software TRNSYS 17 has been used to perform all the calculations and data processing, as well as an optimisation of the tank volumes through an add-in coupled with the GENOPT® software. The study is carried out by analysing the behaviour of the designed systems and the conventional case in five different locations of Spain with diverse climatic characteristics, evaluating the same building in all cases. Regulators, manufacturers and energy service engineers are the most interested in these results.
Two major contributions in this paper are the calculations of primary energy consumption and emissions and the inclusion of a Life Cycle Cost analysis. A table which shows the order of preference regarding those criteria for each considered case study is also included. This was fulfilled in the interest of comparing between the different configurations and climatic zones so as to obtain conclusions on each of them. The study also illustrates a sensibility analysis regarding energy prices. Finally, the exhaustive literature review, the novel electricity consumption profile of the building and the illustration of the influence of the cogeneration engine working hours are also valuable outputs of this paper, developed in order to address the knowledge gap and the ongoing challenges in the field of distributed generation
El termómetro de globo en estudios de confort y medioambiente en los edificios
The reasons for the inferior performance of many existing buildings and associated energy systems are diverse, but an important part-cause is insufficient attention to the influence of occupant behaviour. In smart buildings it is necessary to allow for the integration of human behaviour in the HVAC system. In addition, many researchers are limited in their investigation by not having low cost tools that can provide information for their studies. This article is a review of the present state of art about the globe thermometer. It describes how to build your own globe temperature sensor and describes experiments that illustrate the feasibility of using a black globe thermometer with 40 mm diameter.Las razones del rendimiento inferior de muchos de los edificios actuales y sus sistemas energéticos relacionados son diversas y estas son en una parte importante causada por una atención insuficiente a la influencia del comportamiento de los ocupantes. En los edificios inteligentes es necesario implementar nuevas oportunidades para integrar el comportamiento humano en el sistema de climatización. Además, muchos investigadores están limitados en su investigación al no contar con herramientas de bajo coste que puedan proporcionar información a sus estudios. En este artículo se presenta una revisión del estado actual del arte sobre el termómetro de globo, se describe cómo construir su propio sensor de temperatura de globo y los experimentos descritos ilustran la viabilidad de utilizar un termómetro de globo negro con 40 mm de diámetro
Migration and cultural and artistic political heteronomy
[SPA] Las migraciones pueden ser: de personas y culturas, de mercancías, de datos, de
dinero, etc. Todo ello no ha hecho más que aumentar la complejidad, en un mundo que cultural
y paradójicamente huye de la uniformidad. Sea complejo aquello que no es posible abordar, en
exclusiva, desde un solo ámbito. Con ello aumenta el incremento de posibilidades en cada
sistema y esfera social, multiplicándose la complejidad al tiempo que aumenta la autonomía de
cada uno de esos ámbitos. Si la política, la arquitectura y el urbanismo pretenden
“entrometerse”, han de hacerlo acudiendo a procedimientos no jerárquicos, sino heterónomos,
con inéditos sistemas de negociación.
Las nuevas sociedades de “la modernidad avanzada” son sistemas carentes de vértice
jerárquico. Y cada ámbito funcional reduce el campo de los acontecimientos relevantes de
acuerdo con la lógica de su propia función. Cada uno de ellos tiende a incluir toda la sociedad
en su propio ámbito, de modo que la idea de unidad, más que desaparecer, se multiplica en un
elenco de unidades de variada procedencia.
Un sistema parcial no es representante de la totalidad (economía, salud, tecnología,
moral, comunicación, arte, arquitectura, urbanismo, etc.). Cada una de estas concepciones
toma la parte por el todo y olvida la interdependencia fundamental a la que están sometidos
todos los sistemas funcionales. Valorar la dinámica centrífuga de los sistemas diferenciados y jerárquicos de la primera modernidad, es el debate de la nueva política, cultura y arquitectura
de las sociedades complejas.
[ENG] Migrations can be: people and cultures, goods, data, money, etc. All of these have done
no more than increase complexity, in a world which paradoxically and culturally escapes from
uniformity. Be complex that which cannot be addressed, exclusively from a single field. It
increases the growth of possibilities in each system and the social sphere, to multiply the
complexity at the time which increases the autonomy of each of these areas. If politics,
architecture and urban planning are intended to "meddle", they must do so attending
procedures not hierarchical, but self-instituting, with new trading systems.
New "Advanced modernity" societies are lacking systems of hierarchical vertex. And each
functional area reduces the field of relevant events according to the logic of its own function.
Each of them tends to include all the society in their own field, so the idea of unity, rather than
disappear, it multiplies in a cast of varied provenance units.
A partial system is not representative of the whole (economics, health, technology,
morale, communication, art, architecture, urban planning, etc.). Each of these conceptions takes
the part for the whole, and forgets the fundamental interdependence to which all functional
systems are subjected. Counterbalancing the centrifugal dynamics of differentiated and
hierarchical systems of first modernity is the debate on the new policy, culture and architecture
of complex societies
Functionalization of PLLA with Polymer Brushes to Trigger the Assembly of Fibronectin into Nanonetworks
[EN] Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) has been used as a biodegradable polymer for many years; the key characteristics of this polymer make it a versatile and useful resource for regenerative medicine. However, it is not inherently bioactive. Thus, here, a novel process is presented to functionalize PLLA surfaces with poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) brushes to provide biological functionality through PEA's ability to induce spontaneous organization of the extracellular matrix component fibronectin (FN) into physiological-like nanofibrils. This process allows control of surface biofunctionality while maintaining PLLA bulk properties (i.e., degradation profile, mechanical strength). The new approach is based on surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization, which achieves a molecularly thin coating of PEA on top of the underlying PLLA. Beside surface characterization via atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle to measure PEA grafting, the biological activity of this surface modification is investigated. PEA brushes trigger FN organization into nanofibrils, which retain their ability to enhance adhesion and differentiation of C2C12 cells. The results demonstrate the potential of this technology to engineer controlled microenvironments to tune cell fate via biologically active surface modification of an otherwise bioinert biodegradable polymer, gaining wide use in tissue engineering applications.The authors acknowledge the EPSRC (EP/P001114/1) and MRC (MR/S005412/1) funding. The authors also acknowledge the EPSRC funding as part of the Doctoral Training Centre EP/F500424/1. This work was also funded by a grant from the UK Regenerative Medicine Platform. 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Moments and associated measures of copulas with fractal support
Copulas are closely related to the study of distributions and the dependence between random variables. In this paper we develop a recurrence formula for the moments of a measure associated with a copula (a bivariate distribution function with uniform one-dimensional marginals) in the case that its support is a fractal set. We do the same for its principal and secondary diagonals. We also study certain measures of dependence or association for these copulas with fractal supports
Maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype during expansion on PLLA microtopographies
[EN] Articular chondrocytes are difficult to grow, as they lose their characteristic phenotype following expansion on standard tissue culture plates. Here, we show that culturing them on surfaces of poly(L-lactic acid) of well-defined microtopography allows expansion and maintenance of characteristic chondrogenic markers. We investigated the dynamics of human chondrocyte dedifferentiation on the different poly(L-lactic acid) microtopographies by the expression of collagen type I, collagen type II and aggrecan at different culture times. When seeded on poly(L-lactic acid), chondrocytes maintained their characteristic hyaline phenotype up to 7days, which allowed to expand the initial cell population approximately six times without cell dedifferentiation. Maintenance of cell phenotype was afterwards correlated to cell adhesion on the different substrates. Chondrocytes adhesion occurs via the (51) integrin on poly(L-lactic acid), suggesting cell-fibronectin interactions. However, (21) integrin is mainly expressed on the control substrate after 1day of culture, and the characteristic chondrocytic markers are lost (collagen type II expression is overcome by the synthesis of collagen type I). Expanding chondrocytes on poly(L-lactic acid) might be an effective solution to prevent dedifferentiation and improving the number of cells needed for autologous chondrocyte transplantation.The support received from the European Research Council (ERC 306990) and the UK EPSRC (EP/P001114/1) is acknowledged. J.L.G.R. acknowledges support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the project MAT2016-76039-C4-1 (including the FEDER financial support). 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