El derecho fundamental al agua potable en Colombia: el por qué de su existencia y los principales problemas que conlleva su materialización efectiva

Artículo de investigación1. Introducción. 2. Metodología. 3. El derecho al agua a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico internacional. 4. El derecho fundamental al agua potable, su reconocimiento y evolución por parte de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana. 5. La fundamentación del derecho fundamental al agua potable desde la filosofía del derecho y la teoría constitucional contemporánea 6. Principales problemas que enfrenta la materialización efectiva del derecho fundamental al agua potable en Colombia. 7. Conclusiones. 8. Referencias.PregradoAbogad

Some combinatorial remarks on normal flatness in analytic spaces

In this article we present a combinatorial treatment of normal flatness in analytic spaces, using the idea of equimultiple standard bases. We will prove, using purely combinatorial methods, a characterization theorem for normal flatness. This will lead us to a new proof of a classical theorem on normal flatness, which can be stated by saying that normal flatness at a point along a smooth subspace is equivalent to the Hilbert function being locally constant. Though these topics belong to classical analytic geometry, we believe that this approach is valuable, since it replaces extremely general algebraic theorems by combinatorial objects, obtaining new results and striking the combinatorial nature of the classical (and basic) ideas in the resolution of singularities.Junta de AndalucíaMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónFondo Europeo de Desarrollo RegionalFondo Social Europe

Comparing Performance and Portability between CUDA and SYCL for Protein Database Search on NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel GPUs

The heterogeneous computing paradigm has led to the need for portable and efficient programming solutions that can leverage the capabilities of various hardware devices, such as NVIDIA, Intel, and AMD GPUs. This study evaluates the portability and performance of the SYCL and CUDA languages for one fundamental bioinformatics application (Smith-Waterman protein database search) across different GPU architectures, considering single and multi-GPU configurations from different vendors. The experimental work showed that, while both CUDA and SYCL versions achieve similar performance on NVIDIA devices, the latter demonstrated remarkable code portability to other GPU architectures, such as AMD and Intel. Furthermore, the architectural efficiency rates achieved on these devices were superior in 3 of the 4 cases tested. This brief study highlights the potential of SYCL as a viable solution for achieving both performance and portability in the heterogeneous computing ecosystem.Comment: This article was accepted for publication in 2023 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD

Assessing Opportunities of SYCL and Intel oneAPI for Biological Sequence Alignment

Background and objectives. The computational biology area is growing up over the years. The interest in researching and developing computational tools for the acquisition, storage, organization, analysis, and visualization of biological data generates the need to create new hardware architectures and new software tools that allow processing big data in acceptable times. In this sense, heterogeneous computing takes an important role in providing solutions but at the same time generates new challenges for developers in relation to the impossibility of porting source code between different architectures. Methods. Intel has recently introduced oneAPI, a new unified programming environment that allows code developed in the SYCL-based Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) language to be run on different devices such as CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs, among others. Due to the large amount of CUDA software in the field of bioinformatics, this paper presents the migration process of the SW\# suite, a biological sequence alignment tool developed in CUDA, to DPC++ through the oneAPI compatibility tool dpc (recently renowned as SYCLomatic). Results. SW\# has been completely migrated with a small programmer intervention in terms of hand-coding. Moreover, it has been possible to port the migrated code between different architectures (considering different target platforms and vendors), with no noticeable performance degradation. Conclusions. The SYCLomatic tool presented a great performance-portability rate. SYCL and Intel oneAPI can offer attractive opportunities for the Bioinformatics community, especially considering the vast existence of CUDA-based legacy codes

Etiopathogenesis of ovarian cancer. An inflamm-aging entity?

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers and has the highest mortality rate. The risk/protective factors of ovarian cancer suggest that its etiology is multifactorial. Several factors are involved in age-related increases in carcinogenesis, including the accumulation of senescent cells, inflammaging (a chronic inflammatory state that persists in the elderly), and immunosenescence (aging of the immune system) changes associated with poor immune surveillance. At sites of inflammation, exposure to high levels of inflammatory mediators, such as reactive oxygen species, cytokines, prostaglandins, and growth factors, contributes to increased cell division and genetic and epigenetic changes. These exposure-induced changes promote excessive cell proliferation, increased survival, malignant transformation, and cancer development. Furthermore, the proinflammatory tumor microenvironment contributes to ovarian cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. This narrative review of the literature was carried out to delineate the possible role of inflammaging in the etiopathogenesis of ovarian cancer development. We discuss the current carcinogenic hypotheses, sites of origin, and etiological factors of ovarian cancer. Treatment of inflammation may represent an attractive strategy for both the prevention and therapy of ovarian cancer. © 2022 The Author(s

A Piezoelectric Minirheometer for Measuring the Viscosity of Polymer Microsamples

This paper describes the electromechanical design, operating principles and performance of a rheometer able to characterize the rheological behavior of microsamples of viscoelastic materials, such as polymer solutions, melt, and rubbers. It was developed with a view to portability, robustness, and ease of operation for very small samples. The rheometer operates by subjecting the samples to small-amplitude sinusoidal strain rates via an inverse piezoelectric actuator and detecting the stress response of the material via a direct piezoelectric sensor. The device operates under frequency-sweep mode in a very wide range of frequencies. Required sample sizes are typically three orders of magnitude smaller than for conventional rheometers. Owing to its lack of moving parts, the rheometer has an extremely simple design and is insensitive to vibration. Measurements on pressure-sensitive adhesives and other polymeric systems are presented and validated against a standard cone-and-plate rheometer

High-Fat Diets Modify the Proteolytic Activities of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV and the Regulatory Enzymes of the Renin–Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular Tissues of Adult Wistar Rats

(1) Background: The replacement of diets high in saturated fat (SAFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is associated with better cardiovascular function and is related to the modulation of the activity of the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the collagenase activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). The objective of the work was to verify the capacity of different types of dietary fat on the regulatory activities of RAS and DPP-IV. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed for 24 weeks with three different diets: the standard diet (S), the standard diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (20%) (VOO), or with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) (Bch). The proteolytic activities were determined by fluorometric methods in the soluble (sol) and membrane-bound (mb) fractions of the left ventricle and atrium, aorta, and plasma samples. (3) Results: With the VOO diet, angiotensinase values were significantly lower than with the Bch diet in the aorta (GluAP and ArgAP (mb)), ventricle (ArgAP (mb)) and atrium (CysAP (sol)). Significant decreases in DPP-IV (mb) activity occurred with the Bch diet in the atrium and aorta. The VOO diet significantly reduced the activity of the cardiac damage marker LeuAP (mb) in the ventricle and aorta, except for LeuAP (sol) in the ventricle, which was reduced with the Bch diet. (4) Conclusions: The introduction into the diet of a source rich in MUFA would have a beneficial cardiovascular effect on RAS homeostasis and cardiovascular functional stability.ACCIÓN 1 PAIUJA 2019 2020: BIO221

El papel de la fauna silvestre en las enfermedades emergentes

Las enfermedades infecciosas zoonósicas emergentes se han convertido en la actualidad en una de las amenazas más graves para la salud pública. Aproximadamente el 75 % de las enfermedades que han surgido durante las últimas dos décadas tienen su fuente en la fauna salvaje. Las recientes epidemias del síndrome agudo respiratorio severo (SARS), infecciones por virus West Nile o influenza aviar, que serán tratadas en este trabajo, demuestran la importancia de las enfermedades emergentes en todo el mundo y el relevante papel de los servicios veterinarios. Para vigilar estas enfermedades es preciso disponer de un equipo de trabajo multidisciplinar, con profesionales formados en medicina, epidemiología, virología, zoología y veterinaria, por la gran interrelación de factores. Asimismo, siempre hay que tener en cuenta en estas enfermedades tan contagiosas todas las vías de transmisión, no sólo animales, sino los movimientos comerciales tanto legales como ilegales.Zoonotic emergent infectious diseases have become one of the most serious threats for public health. Approximately 75 % of the diseases that have occurred during the last two decades originated in the wild fauna. SARS, West Nile virus or influenza recent epidemics, that will be treated in this article, show the importance of emerging diseases in the whole world and the relevant role of the veterinary services. Monitoring these diseases requires a multidisciplinary work team, with professionals formed in medicine, epidemiology, virology, zoology and veterinary sciences, because of the great interrelationship of factors. Likewise, it is always important to bear all the routes of transmission in mind in these very contagious diseases, not only animals, but the commercial, both legal and illegal, movements

Aproximación a la investigación-acción educativa: una experiencia de aprendizaje basado en problemas llevada a cabo por un equipo docente jurídico

El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer la experiencia de un grupo de docentes de Derecho del Trabajo de la Universidad de Sevilla que decidieron crear un equipo para la formación de profesores movidos por la búsqueda de una mejora en el ámbito docente y aprovechando el programa creado por el Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla. El principal tema tratado es la introducción de un sistema de aprendizaje basado en problemas en la asignatura Derecho Procesal del Trabajo y Solución Extrajudicial de Conflictos Colectivos como consecuencia de las conclusiones obtenidas a través de la investigaciónacción. Así, a su vez, se pretende conseguir la progresiva adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES).This paper aims to show the experience of a team of Labour Law Professors of the Seville University (Spain) which has worked on the improvement of the professional background of the university teaching staff pursuant to a specific program organized by the Institute of Educational Sciences (University of Seville). Mainly, the study focuses on the development of a problem-based learning method - which is addressed within the Proceedings in the Labour Courts and Out-of Courts Solutions for Collective Conflicts subject - as a result of the action-research findings. At the same time, this study tries to achieve the progressive adaptation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA)

Gender and Digital Teaching Competence in Dual Vocational Education and Training

In recent decades, technological advances have been revolutionizing all areas of society, including the teaching resources and methodologies used in the world of education. Teachers are in the process of adapting to develop the digital skills they need for the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), a process that must be permanent and in which there are still knowledge gaps undermining its application. This study aims to determine whether this lack of digital skills is influenced by the gender of teachers, for example, whether there is a gender gap in ICT application in teaching, specifically Dual Vocational Education and Training, which is a teaching area that has been growing exponentially in recent years. A descriptive quantitative method has been used for this study with a sample of 1568 teachers of Dual Vocational Education and Training from the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, with data collected through a questionnaire. The results show that while the level of knowledge of ICT resources is medium among this group and is therefore improvable, there are no significant gender differences between teachers with respect to the application of e-skills by teaching professionals, despite the existence in other contexts of a large digital gender gap in new technology professionals